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<document id="40D350A7EC79B2AA42B93B667928AAA6" ID-CLB-Dataset="133184" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac031" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe110920-333b-4cdc-98f2-a4cc24124ea8" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7035193" ID-ZooBank="968C576E-4747-4586-9D48-C24C92741905" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1661768282111" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tan, Koh Siang, Tan, Samuel Hui Ming, Sanpanich, Kitithorn, Duangdee, Teerapong &amp; Ambarwati, Reni" docDate="2022" docId="039E6F241322FFF465F5B685FACAB6ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac031.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f5a3130a-cb03-3121-b8eb-32409c478f89/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Vignadula atrata" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFA7175C1325FFFD6679B505FFD9B571" masterDocTitle="Xenostrobus or Vignadula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)? A taxonomic re-evaluation of small black mussels inhabiting the upper intertidal zone of the estuaries of Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="345" masterPageNumber="316" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1699374149583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="722A40A3B1141224DBC0100426F21BFB">Xenostrobus or Vignadula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)? A taxonomic re-evaluation of small black mussels inhabiting the upper intertidal zone of the estuaries of Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67F6C1DD851EB0187C10A040ED40411E">Tan, Koh Siang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05C3DBC36638DABC73D2BCF60A6F3D45">Tan, Samuel Hui Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70EF23E748B63248E3CF2585E74324E1">Sanpanich, Kitithorn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="763BD77734FF75807B950B35BE657C62">Duangdee, Teerapong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7D26E0DAA64411C359DB7B71A4F4446">Ambarwati, Reni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A444A190D2EDCC32CC68F89C3441D21E">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E4A09C64326B4BA06C19F73655A3C81">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="068D6B0B082C21A468A5CFCCB432F69F">2022-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7D967E2CCD535A7116EC0A79121B4BCD">196</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039E6F241322FFF465F5B685FACAB6ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036963" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199898670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E6F241322FFF465F5B685FACAB6ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E6F241322FFF465F5B685FACAB6ED" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<subSubSection id="C32D8DB91322FFFA65F5B685FAF4B6E9" box="[908,1325,895,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA65F5B685FAF4B6E9" blockId="7.[908,1325,895,920]" box="[908,1325,895,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<heading id="D0C0695E1322FFFA65F5B685FAF4B6E9" box="[908,1325,895,920]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA65F5B685FAF4B6E9" ID-CoL="94BXD" authority="(LISCHKE, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[908,1325,895,920]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA65F5B685FBB5B6E6" box="[908,1132,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">VIGNADULA ATRATA</emphasis>
(LISCHKE, 1871)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D8DB91322FFFA65B5B6A3FB34B6CE" box="[972,1261,934,959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA65B5B6A3FB34B6CE" blockId="7.[972,1261,934,959]" box="[972,1261,934,959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
(
<figureCitation id="130CC2B71322FFFA65ACB6A3FBE2B6CE" box="[981,1083,934,959]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[162,242,1620,1642]" captionStartId-1="5.[145,223,1570,1592]" captionStartId-2="6.[163,241,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox-0="[315,1290,200,1579]" captionTargetBox-1="[274,1277,201,1526]" captionTargetBox-2="[291,1294,199,1574]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@4.[314,1290,198,1580]" captionTargetId-1="figure-130@5.[271,1298,196,1531]" captionTargetId-2="figure-95@6.[289,1316,196,1579]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figure 1. Concatenated four-gene Bayesian inference/maximum likelihood tree based on COI, ITS1, 28S D1R and H3 sequences of Xenostrobus mussels from East Asia and Australasia. Both 313 bp and full-length COI barcodes were used in the analysis. In several cases (e.g. SG X18 and SG X18-2; XTSW1 and XTSW1-2), two sequences from the same individual were incorporated into the analysis. For readability, some nodes on the branch tips have been omitted and the lengths of some branches truncated (marked by a double slash). Sequence codes with asterisks were obtained from specimens shown in Figures 4–7. Line and text colours correspond to the colour scheme used to differentiate the geographical distributions of the species represented in the clades A, B, C and D. Sequence code abbreviations: E Th, Gulf of Thailand; FJP, Fukuoka, Japan; GB, GenBank; HK, Hong Kong; Indon, Indonesia; J MY, Johor, Malaysia; JP, Japan; K EMY, Kuching, East Malaysia; K JP, Kagoshima, Japan; K TW, Kinmen, Taiwan; N JP, Nagasaki, Japan; P MY, Perak, Malaysia; SG, Singapore; S Indon, Surabaya, Indonesia; SW Th, south-west Thailand; Th, Thailand; Z Tan, Zanzibar, Tanzania." captionText-1="Figure 2. Concatenated three-gene Bayesian inference/maximum likelihood tree based on COI, 28S D1R and H3 sequences of mussels from East Asia and Australasia, including additional sequences from GenBank. For readability, some nodes on the branch tips have been omitted and the lengths of some branches truncated (marked by a double slash). Sequence codes with asterisks were obtained from specimens shown in Figures 4–7. Line and text colours correspond to the colour scheme used to differentiate the geographical distributions of the species represented in the clades A, B, C and D.For an explanation of sequence code abbreviations, see legend to Figure 1." captionText-2="Figure 3. Concatenated two-gene Bayesian inference/maximum likelihood tree based on COI and H3 sequences of mussels. For readability, some nodes on the branch tips have been omitted and the lengths of some branches truncated (marked by a double slash). Sequence codes with asterisks were obtained from specimens shown in Figures 4–7. Line and text colours correspond to the colour scheme used to differentiate the geographical distributions of the species represented in the clades A, B, C and D. For an explanation of sequence code abbreviations, see legend to Figure 1." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035197" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035199" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035201" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7035197/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7035199/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7035201/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">FIGS 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CC2B71322FFFA6230B6A3FB8EB6CE" box="[1097,1111,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,225,1426,1448]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-114@13.[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Vignadula atrata (Lischke, 1871). A, posterior region of living juvenile with extended mantle margins (imm) devoid of guard papillae. Blue and green arrows depict the direction of inhalant and exhalant currents. Scale bar: 500 µm. B, posterior region of ethanol-preserved sequenced individual XNJ 0519B, with left valve removed to show posterior end of ctenidium (ct), mixture of simple (marked by yellow crosses) and branched (yellow asterisks) guard papillae (gp) along the inner mantle margin (imm) and posterior adductor muscle (pam). Scale bar: 1 mm. C, living individual with numerous simple and branched guard papillae. Scale bar: ~500 µm. D, living individual with mostly simple guard papillae. Note the well-formed exhalant siphon. Scale bar: ~1 mm. A, Kagoshima, Japan. B–D, Nagasaki, Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035218/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CC2B71322FFFA621DB6A3FB59B6CE" box="[1124,1152,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1128,1150]" captionTargetBox="[146,1427,200,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-351@17.[145,1428,199,1088]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Relationship between shell size and number of folds observed on the labial palps of four Vignadula species from East and Southeast Asia. Data from Ockelmann (1983) for Vignadula atrata, Vignadula balani and Vignadula mangle are indicated separately. Apart from data points based on the study by Ockelmann (1983) and three individuals of Vignadula kuraburiensis sp. nov., all are referable to genetically sequenced individuals based on this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035228/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CC2B71322FFFA62F4B6A3FB62B6CE" box="[1165,1211,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[163,241,1524,1546]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,200,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-129@20.[175,1430,195,1484]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Guard papillae of Vignadula (A–D) and Xenostrobus (E–G) species on the posterior region of the inner mantle margin attached to LV. All animals shown preserved in ethanol. A, Vignadula atrata, SL = 11.4 mm, Toishi-ko, Nagasaki, Japan. B, Vignadula mangle comb. nov., SL = 13.5 mm, Kampong Bako, Kuching, Sarawak. C, Vignadula kuraburiensis sp. nov., SL = 13.2 mm, Kuraburi, Phangnga, Thailand. D, V. kuraburiensis sp. nov., SL = 8.8 mm, Ban Baen, Ranong, Thailand. E, Xenostrobus inconstans, SL = 22.7 mm, Dunnalley Bay, Tasmania, Australia (TMAG E21829). F, Xenostrobus securis, SL = 24.8 mm, Swan River, Perth, WA,Australia. G, Xenostrobus pulex, SL = 13.1 mm, Cottesloe, Perth, WA, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, E–G; 500 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035230/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">12A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CC2B71322FFFA62B0B6A3FB3CB6CE" box="[1225,1253,934,959]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="22.[163,243,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[355,1239,197,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-235@22.[353,1252,195,1242]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 13. Geographical distribution of Vignadula and Xenostrobus species in East Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Locations are based on examined museum material or material collected in the field for this study by the authors, and supplemented by information contained in papers by Colgan (2017: Xenostrobus securis); Colgan et al. (2020: Xenostrobus neozelanicus and X. securis); Horikoshi &amp; Okamoto (2007: X. securis); Iwasaki (2013: X. securis); Iwasaki &amp; Yamamoto (2014: X. securis); Kimura (1996: Vignadula atrata); Kimura et al. (1999: X. securis [?], as Xenostrobus sp.); Lee &amp; Morton (1985: Vignadula mangle comb. nov., as Xenostrobus atratus); Lamarck (1819: X. securis [?], as Mytilus securis; MNHN-IM-2000-34894, three syntypes); Lutaenko et al. (2019: V. atrata); Morton (1999: Xenostrobus pulex); Morton (2004: Xenostrobus inconstans); Morton &amp; Leung (2015: X.securis); Park et al. (2017: V. atrata);Wang et al. (2011: V.atrata); Wilson (1967: Xenostrobus spp.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D8DB91322FFFA6550B6CBFB48B37D" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B6CBFC21B131" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B6CBFC21B131" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6550B6CBFB75B695" author="Lischke CE" box="[809,1196,974,996]" page="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1871">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B6CBFB75B695" ID-CoL="45GK5" authority="Lischke, 1871 a: 44" authorityName="Lischke" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1871" box="[809,1196,974,996]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B6CBFC01B695" box="[809,984,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Mytilus atratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA65A4B6CBFB75B695" author="Lischke CE" box="[989,1196,974,996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="39 - 45" refId="ref17501" refString="Lischke CE. 1871 a. Diagnosen neuer Meeres-Conchylien von Japan. Malakozoologische Blatter 18: 39 - 45." type="journal article" year="1871">Lischke, 1871a: 44</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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and
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA629AB6CBFCAFB172" author="Lischke CE" page="146" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA629AB6CBFCAFB172" author="Lischke CE" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref17521" refString="Lischke CE. 1871 b. Japanische Meeres-Conchylien. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Mollusken Japan's, mit bersonderer Rucksicht auf die geographische Verbreitung derselben. II. Kassel: Theodor Fischer." type="book" year="1871">Lischke, 1871b: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, figs 4, 4a, 5, 5b; type locality:
<collectingRegion id="49F310D01322FFFA6367B6E8FA55B172" box="[1310,1420,1005,1027]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA21322FFFA6535B109FC43B150" box="[844,922,1036,1057]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="548C60901322FFFA65D3B109FBC4B153" box="[938,1053,1036,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6252B108FB6AB150" box="[1067,1203,1036,1058]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">ZIN 2/111</emphasis>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6282B109FC31B131" author="Lutaenko KA &amp; Chaban EM" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="141 - 147" refId="ref17636" refString="Lutaenko KA, Chaban EM. 2016. Bivalve collection of C. E. Lischke in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg: Mytilidae, Ungulinidae and Tellinidae. Korean Journal of Malacology 32: 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="2016">Lutaenko &amp; Chaban, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B14CFC22B1ED" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B14CFC22B1ED" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B14CFC2DB12E" ID-CoL="43TFK" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[809,1012,1097,1119]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Modiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B14CFC2DB12E" box="[809,1012,1097,1119]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Modiola aterrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<materialsCitation id="3B5FD46F1322FFFA6268B14CFC22B1ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897137310" location="Bay" municipality="Bay of Yeddo" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo" typeStatus="holotype">
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6268B14CFB64B12E" author="Dall WH" box="[1041,1213,1097,1119]" page="154" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6268B14CFB64B12E" author="Dall WH" box="[1041,1213,1097,1119]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="93 - 160" refId="ref16441" refString="Dall WH. 1871. Descriptions of sixty new forms of mollusks from the west coast of North America and the North Pacific Ocean, with notes on others already described. American Journal of Conchology 7: 93 - 160, pls 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="1871">Dall, 1871: 154</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
and pl. 14, fig. 13; type locality:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC44481322FFFA6593B16DFB59B10F" box="[1002,1152,1128,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Bay of Yeddo</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F310D01322FFFA62E9B16DFB0FB10F" box="[1168,1238,1128,1150]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EE888E91322FFFA62A7B16DFAD7B10C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E6F241322FFF465F5B685FACAB6ED:8EE888E91322FFFA62A7B16DFAD7B10C" box="[1246,1294,1128,1149]" municipality="Bay of Yeddo" name="Bay" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="Tokyo">Bay</location>
).
<typeStatus id="548C60901322FFFA635BB16DFA54B10F" box="[1314,1421,1128,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6532B182FC2DB1ED" box="[843,1012,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">USNM 185505</emphasis>
.
</materialsCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B1A0FAC4B1CB" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" box="[809,1309,1189,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B1A0FAC4B1CB" box="[809,1309,1189,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B1A0FC16B1CA" authorityName="Dunker" authorityYear="1857" box="[809,975,1189,1211]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B1A0FC16B1CA" box="[809,975,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Volsella atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6593B1A0FB62B1CB" author="Kuroda T" box="[1002,1211,1189,1211]" page="134" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6593B1A0FB62B1CB" author="Kuroda T" box="[1002,1211,1189,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="123 - 134" refId="ref17111" refString="Kuroda T. 1932. Japanese shells: Mytilidae (Appendix). Venus 3: 123 - 134." type="journal article" year="1932">Kuroda, 1932: 134</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, sp. 407.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B1C1FA4BB1A8" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" box="[809,1426,1220,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B1C1FA4BB1A8" box="[809,1426,1220,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B1C1FC62B1AB" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[809,955,1220,1242]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Adula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B1C1FC62B1AB" box="[809,955,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Adula atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA65ADB1C1FB22B1A8" author="Habe T &amp; Kosuge S" box="[980,1275,1220,1242]" page="127" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA65ADB1C1FB22B1A8" author="Habe T &amp; Kosuge S" box="[980,1275,1220,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref16776" refString="Habe T, Kosuge S. 1967. Common shells of Japan in color. Osaka: Hoikusha Publishing." type="book" year="1967">Habe &amp; Kosuge, 1967: 127</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 47 fig. 10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B1E7FAE6B025" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B1E7FAE6B025" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B1E7FBD5B189" ID-CoL="5CBRD" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[809,1036,1250,1272]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Xenostrobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B1E7FBD5B189" box="[809,1036,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Xenostrobus atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA625DB1E7FB32B189" author="Wilson BR" box="[1060,1259,1250,1272]" page="284" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA625DB1E7FB32B189" author="Wilson BR" box="[1060,1259,1250,1272]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref19024" refString="Wilson BR. 1967. A new generic name for three Recent and one fossil species of Mytilidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in southern Australasia, with redescriptions of the species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 37: 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1967">Wilson, 1967: 284</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; –
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6371B1E7FC36B067" author="Ockelmann KW" page="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6371B1E7FC36B067" author="Ockelmann KW" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="81 - 123" refId="ref18240" refString="Ockelmann KW. 1983. Descriptions of mytilid species and definition of the Dacrydiinae n. subfam. (Mytilacea - Bivalvia). Ophelia 22: 81 - 123." type="journal article" year="1983">Ockelmann, 1983: 109–110</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 44 (graph); –
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA62D7B004FC56B044" author="Bernard FR &amp; Cai Y-Y &amp; Morton B" page="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA62D7B004FC56B044" author="Bernard FR &amp; Cai Y-Y &amp; Morton B" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref16103" refString="Bernard FR, Cai Y-Y, Morton B. 1993. Catalogue of the living marine bivalves of China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press." type="book" year="1993">
Bernard
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA636DB007FA9EB067" box="[1300,1351,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993: 33–34
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); – Kimura, 1996: 97–100, figs 1–6; –
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6532B03BFBA8B025" author="Lutaenko KA &amp; Noseworthy RG &amp; Choi K-S" box="[843,1137,1342,1364]" page="185" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6532B03BFBA8B025" author="Lutaenko KA &amp; Noseworthy RG &amp; Choi K-S" box="[843,1137,1342,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="149 - 238" refId="ref17677" refString="Lutaenko KA, Noseworthy RG, Choi K-S. 2019. Marine bivalve mollusks of Jeju Island (Korea). Part 1. Korean Journal of Malacology 35: 149 - 238." type="journal article" year="2019">
Lutaenko
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA65C6B03AFC2EB022" box="[959,1015,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 185
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
and pl. 9, figs I, J.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B05BFA5FB003" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" box="[809,1414,1373,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B05BFA5FB003" box="[809,1414,1373,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B05BFC37B002" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[809,1006,1374,1395]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Hormomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B05BFC37B002" box="[809,1006,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Hormomya atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA627EB058FB34B002" author="Habe T" box="[1031,1261,1373,1395]" page="167" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA627EB058FB34B002" author="Habe T" box="[1031,1261,1373,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref16708" refString="Habe T. 1968. Shells of the western Pacific in color, Vol. II. Osaka: Hoikusha Publishing." type="book" year="1968">Habe, 1968: 167–168</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 50, fig. 19.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B079FB4BB0BF" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B079FB4BB0BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B079FBDCB0E3" ID-CoL="94BXD" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[809,1029,1404,1426]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B079FBDCB0E3" box="[809,1029,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Vignadula atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6252B079FABAB0E3" author="Kuroda T &amp; Habe T &amp; Oyama K" box="[1067,1379,1404,1426]" page="549" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6252B079FABAB0E3" author="Kuroda T &amp; Habe T &amp; Oyama K" box="[1067,1379,1404,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref17131" refString="Kuroda T, Habe T, Oyama K. 1971. The sea shells of Sagami Bay. Collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Tokyo: Maruzen." type="book" year="1971">
Kuroda
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA62EDB078FB0CB0E0" box="[1172,1237,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
, 1971: 549
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[in Japanese], 348 [in English], pl. 74, figs 5, 6; –
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6329B09EFBC0B0BF" author="Wang X &amp; Sun H &amp; Wang Y &amp; Chang L &amp; Yan D &amp; Huang Q &amp; Jing M" page="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6329B09EFBC0B0BF" author="Wang X &amp; Sun H &amp; Wang Y &amp; Chang L &amp; Yan D &amp; Huang Q &amp; Jing M" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref18892" refString="Wang X, Sun H, Wang Y, Chang L, Yan D, Huang Q, Jing M. 2011. Common invertebrates of the Yantai seashore [in Chinese]. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="2011">
Wang
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6532B0BFFC5AB0BF" box="[843,899,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 87–88
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 3-71.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B0DDFB48B37D" blockId="7.[809,1426,974,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27F91C1322FFFA6550B0DDFB48B37D" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B11322FFFA6550B0DDFBD1B09F" ID-CoL="cd35c550-cf81-405c-852c-bb51d904edfb" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[809,1032,1496,1518]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Xenostrobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B0DDFBD1B09F" box="[809,1032,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Xenostrobus atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA625CB0DDFAF9B09C" author="Wang Z" box="[1061,1312,1496,1517]" page="207" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA625CB0DDFAF9B09C" author="Wang Z" box="[1061,1312,1496,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" refId="ref18931" refString="Wang Z. 1997. Fauna Sinica. Phylum Mollusca, Order Mytiloida. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="1997">Wang, 1997: 207–208</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 87; –
<treatmentCitation id="0A96F8231322FFFA6535B0F2FBF8B37D" author="Wang Z" box="[844,1057,1527,1548]" page="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C31322FFFA6535B0F2FC16B37D" author="Wang Z" box="[844,975,1527,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" pagination="118 - 123" refId="ref18950" refString="Wang Z. 2004. Mytiloida. In: Qi Z, ed. Seashells of China. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 224 - 233, pls 118 - 123." type="book chapter" year="2004">Wang, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: p. 229
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 121E.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D8DB91322FFF46550B333FACAB6ED" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="7" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B333FACDB272" blockId="7.[809,1427,1589,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B333FC7FB33A" box="[809,934,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Dark purplish blue to black mytiliform shells with terminal umbones; anterior half of ventral region often yellow to orange crossed by dark purple commarginal lines; animal without plicate gland; labial palps short, each palp bearing with ≤ 16 folds; mantle edge at posterior region of animal bears up to ten simple and/or branched guard papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE321322FFFA6550B229FA55B211" blockId="7.[809,1423,1836,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA6550B229FBFCB230" box="[809,1061,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Material examined:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94302201322FFFA624DB229FB53B230" bold="true" box="[1076,1162,1836,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA21322FFFA624DB229FB53B230" box="[1076,1162,1836,1857]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="323">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Fukuoka-Amakusa (NSMT 49028); Kagoshima - Shoujigawa
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF488EBA132DFFF566DAB32EFA85B3E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7035203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="324" startId="8.[163,242,1579,1601]" targetBox="[408,1190,228,1472]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132DFFF566DAB32EFA85B3E8" blockId="8.[163,1444,1579,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="B9430220132DFFF566DAB32EFED2B331" bold="true" box="[163,267,1579,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132DFFF5676EB32EFDACB330" authority="(Lischke, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Lischke" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[279,629,1579,1601]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B9430220132DFFF5676EB32EFE14B330" box="[279,461,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">Vignadula atrata</emphasis>
(Lischke, 1871)
</taxonomicName>
. Sequenced specimens from Kyushu, Japan: A–H, Nagasaki; I–L, Kagoshima. A, B, XM NJ 0519; LV, SL = 11.2 mm (ZRC.MOL.24028). C, D, XNJ 0519A; LV, SL = 12.4 mm (ZRC.MOL.24029). E, F, XNJ 0519B; LV, SL = 10.6 mm (ZRC.MOL.24030). G, H, XNJ 0519C; LV, SL = 9.6 mm (ZRC.MOL.24031). I, J, XKJ 0519B; LV, SL = 8.0 mm (ZRC.MOL.24025). K, L, XKJ 0519C, SL = 6.6 mm (ZRC.MOL.24026). See also Clade C in Figures 1–3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132DFFF566DAB3BAFCD1B21F" blockId="8.[163,780,1727,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">
(ZRC.MOL.24027, 24916, 24917; PMBC 25330); Red Cross Hospital, Hirakawa (ZRC.MOL.24918, 24919); Ibusuki (ZRC.MOL.24920);
<collectingRegion id="49F310D0132DFFF5643EB3F9FDACB263" box="[583,629,1788,1810]" country="Japan" name="Mie" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">Mie</collectingRegion>
–Tsu (NSMT 58821); Miyagi-Fukuura Island (NSMT 44150); Nagasaki-Obama (ZRC.MOL.24921); Toishi-ko (ZRC. MOL.24922); Isomichimachi (ZRC.MOL.24923,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132DFFF56542B3BAFAF5B382" blockId="8.[827,1442,1727,1780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">
24924); Okayama-Kasaoka Bay (NSMT 49029). See also the Supporting Information (
<tableCitation id="C6B5EB89132DFFF562C0B3DBFAC5B382" box="[1209,1308,1758,1780]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="18.[127,191,395,417]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of Vignadula species with Xenostrobus pulex" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488EBA1337FFEF6606B48EFCE0B4D0" pageId="8" pageNumber="324" tableUuid="DF488EBA1337FFEF6606B48EFCE0B4D0">Table S1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132DFFF46542B219FDC0B7B4" blockId="8.[827,1443,1820,1904]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,198,710]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="B9430220132DFFF56542B219FCA5B240" box="[827,892,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="324">Shell:</emphasis>
Variable in outline and shape, length ≤
<quantity id="4CCF73D7132DFFF56337B219FA46B243" box="[1358,1439,1820,1842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, mostly entirely dark purplish blue to black over the posterior two-thirds of length of valves, while the anterior region is translucent yellow to orange crossed by fine dark purple commarginal lines where the periostracum is intact. Umbones terminal or in line with the edge of the anteroventral margin. Periostracal surface with fine, close-set commarginal lines free of byssal secretions. Ligament robust, long, stretching posteriorly from umbones to nearly half the length of the shell. Resilial pits are absent. At the region immediately below the umbones, there is a short, narrow shelf, but there are no hinge teeth anterior or posterior to the umbones. Likewise, there are no teeth posterior to the ligament. Interior of shell can generally be divided into a dark purplish brown dorsoposterior region and a lighter-coloured anteroventral region. Anterior region with prominent, oval anterior adductor muscle scar. Posterior adductor muscle scar continuous with byssal retractor muscle scars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF466E8B7EBFD6BB60E" blockId="9.[144,761,750,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF466E8B7EBFEA6B675" box="[145,383,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Shell microstructure:</emphasis>
Shell generally comprises of two recognizable layers below the periostracum: a thin prismatic layer, under which a thick sheet nacreous layer is present. A thin, fibrous prismatic myostracum may be present within the sheet nacreous layer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF466E8B6ADFE2DB05F" blockId="9.[145,762,936,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF466E8B6ADFEDBB6CC" box="[145,258,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Anatomy:</emphasis>
Inner mantle lobes forming the inhalant aperture are translucent orange-brown, with a high density of yellow subcutaneous pigment grains. The guard papillae are six to ten in number on each side. Each papilla is translucent white with small, white subcutaneous pigment grains. They may be simple or mixed with bi- or trifid papillae (
<figureCitation id="130CC2B7132CFFF4644AB165FDA2B104" box="[563,635,1120,1142]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,225,1426,1448]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-114@13.[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Vignadula atrata (Lischke, 1871). A, posterior region of living juvenile with extended mantle margins (imm) devoid of guard papillae. Blue and green arrows depict the direction of inhalant and exhalant currents. Scale bar: 500 µm. B, posterior region of ethanol-preserved sequenced individual XNJ 0519B, with left valve removed to show posterior end of ctenidium (ct), mixture of simple (marked by yellow crosses) and branched (yellow asterisks) guard papillae (gp) along the inner mantle margin (imm) and posterior adductor muscle (pam). Scale bar: 1 mm. C, living individual with numerous simple and branched guard papillae. Scale bar: ~500 µm. D, living individual with mostly simple guard papillae. Note the well-formed exhalant siphon. Scale bar: ~1 mm. A, Kagoshima, Japan. B–D, Nagasaki, Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035218/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CC2B7132CFFF464F0B165FD6FB104" box="[649,694,1120,1141]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[163,241,1524,1546]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,200,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-129@20.[175,1430,195,1484]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Guard papillae of Vignadula (A–D) and Xenostrobus (E–G) species on the posterior region of the inner mantle margin attached to LV. All animals shown preserved in ethanol. A, Vignadula atrata, SL = 11.4 mm, Toishi-ko, Nagasaki, Japan. B, Vignadula mangle comb. nov., SL = 13.5 mm, Kampong Bako, Kuching, Sarawak. C, Vignadula kuraburiensis sp. nov., SL = 13.2 mm, Kuraburi, Phangnga, Thailand. D, V. kuraburiensis sp. nov., SL = 8.8 mm, Ban Baen, Ranong, Thailand. E, Xenostrobus inconstans, SL = 22.7 mm, Dunnalley Bay, Tasmania, Australia (TMAG E21829). F, Xenostrobus securis, SL = 24.8 mm, Swan River, Perth, WA,Australia. G, Xenostrobus pulex, SL = 13.1 mm, Cottesloe, Perth, WA, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, E–G; 500 µm in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035230/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">12A</figureCitation>
). The papillae all taper to a point when fully extended. They are highly contractile and if disturbed can be withdrawn completely to appear as folds or creases along the mantle edge. Juveniles &lt;
<quantity id="4CCF73D7132CFFF46440B1DEFDA5B181" box="[569,636,1243,1264]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
SL do not possess guard papillae (
<figureCitation id="130CC2B7132CFFF467B9B1FCFDC0B07F" box="[448,537,1273,1295]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,225,1426,1448]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetId="figure-114@13.[305,1265,195,1386]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Vignadula atrata (Lischke, 1871). A, posterior region of living juvenile with extended mantle margins (imm) devoid of guard papillae. Blue and green arrows depict the direction of inhalant and exhalant currents. Scale bar: 500 µm. B, posterior region of ethanol-preserved sequenced individual XNJ 0519B, with left valve removed to show posterior end of ctenidium (ct), mixture of simple (marked by yellow crosses) and branched (yellow asterisks) guard papillae (gp) along the inner mantle margin (imm) and posterior adductor muscle (pam). Scale bar: 1 mm. C, living individual with numerous simple and branched guard papillae. Scale bar: ~500 µm. D, living individual with mostly simple guard papillae. Note the well-formed exhalant siphon. Scale bar: ~1 mm. A, Kagoshima, Japan. B–D, Nagasaki, Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035218/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Plicate organ is absent. Foot is yellowish white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF466D0B032FE9DB311" blockId="9.[145,762,936,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
Two bundles of the posterior adductor muscle can (barely) be distinguished, and one is generally larger than the other, although their relative size varies between individuals. The posterior byssal retractor muscles are divided into two main bundles near the base of the foot. Of these, the anterior bundle is further divided into two or three bundles proximal to the shell. The pericardial complex is situated anterior to the posterior byssal retractor muscles (Category 2 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF466EBB34EFEECB311" author="Morton B" box="[146,309,1610,1632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="227 - 245" refId="ref17862" refString="Morton B. 2015 a. Evolution and adaptive radiation in the Mytiloidea (Bivalvia): clues from the pericardial-posterior byssal retractor musculature complex. Molluscan Research 35: 227 - 245." type="journal article" year="2015">Morton, 2015a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF466D0B36CFEF8B388" blockId="9.[145,762,936,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
Labial palps vary in length according to shell size (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF466B0B38DFEABB3EC" author="Theisen BF" box="[201,370,1672,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref18742" refString="Theisen BF. 1982. Variation in size of gills, labial palps, and adductor muscle in Mytilus edulis L. (Bivalvia) from Danish waters. Ophelia 21: 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Theisen, 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF467FAB38DFD8FB3EC" author="Ockelmann KW" box="[387,598,1672,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="81 - 123" refId="ref18240" refString="Ockelmann KW. 1983. Descriptions of mytilid species and definition of the Dacrydiinae n. subfam. (Mytilacea - Bivalvia). Ophelia 22: 81 - 123." type="journal article" year="1983">Ockelmann, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), as does the number of folds (sorting ridges), which can range between five and 16 on each palp for SLs 4–12.5 mm (see
<figureCitation id="130CC2B7132CFFF466BCB3E1FEC8B388" box="[197,273,1764,1786]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1128,1150]" captionTargetBox="[146,1427,200,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-351@17.[145,1428,199,1088]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Relationship between shell size and number of folds observed on the labial palps of four Vignadula species from East and Southeast Asia. Data from Ockelmann (1983) for Vignadula atrata, Vignadula balani and Vignadula mangle are indicated separately. Apart from data points based on the study by Ockelmann (1983) and three individuals of Vignadula kuraburiensis sp. nov., all are referable to genetically sequenced individuals based on this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035228/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF466E8B225FECAB202" blockId="9.[145,761,1824,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF466E8B225FD96B244" box="[145,591,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
Geographical distribution (
<figureCitation id="130CC2B7132CFFF46791B225FDE7B244" box="[488,574,1824,1845]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="22.[163,243,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[355,1239,197,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-235@22.[353,1252,195,1242]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 13. Geographical distribution of Vignadula and Xenostrobus species in East Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Locations are based on examined museum material or material collected in the field for this study by the authors, and supplemented by information contained in papers by Colgan (2017: Xenostrobus securis); Colgan et al. (2020: Xenostrobus neozelanicus and X. securis); Horikoshi &amp; Okamoto (2007: X. securis); Iwasaki (2013: X. securis); Iwasaki &amp; Yamamoto (2014: X. securis); Kimura (1996: Vignadula atrata); Kimura et al. (1999: X. securis [?], as Xenostrobus sp.); Lee &amp; Morton (1985: Vignadula mangle comb. nov., as Xenostrobus atratus); Lamarck (1819: X. securis [?], as Mytilus securis; MNHN-IM-2000-34894, three syntypes); Lutaenko et al. (2019: V. atrata); Morton (1999: Xenostrobus pulex); Morton (2004: Xenostrobus inconstans); Morton &amp; Leung (2015: X.securis); Park et al. (2017: V. atrata);Wang et al. (2011: V.atrata); Wilson (1967: Xenostrobus spp.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035234/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF46411B225FD68B244" box="[616,689,1824,1845]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F310D0132CFFF464BDB225FD2EB247" box="[708,759,1824,1846]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island; see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46761B23BFDCAB225" author="Lutaenko KA &amp; Noseworthy RG &amp; Choi K-S" box="[280,531,1854,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="149 - 238" refId="ref17677" refString="Lutaenko KA, Noseworthy RG, Choi K-S. 2019. Marine bivalve mollusks of Jeju Island (Korea). Part 1. Korean Journal of Malacology 35: 149 - 238." type="journal article" year="2019">
Lutaenko
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF467E8B23AFE15B222" box="[401,460,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF46452B23AFDAAB225" box="[555,627,1855,1876]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Japan</collectingCountry>
and northeast
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF466BEB258FEC9B202" box="[199,272,1885,1907]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88DE32132CFFF46550B5C3FACAB6ED" blockId="9.[807,1426,198,924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF46550B5C3FB65B5AA" box="[809,1212,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">
Taxonomic remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4626BB5C0FB65B5AA" authorityName="Lischke" authorityYear="1871" box="[1042,1212,197,219]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atratus">Mytilus atratus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was first described from
<collectingRegion id="49F310D0132CFFF4651DB5E1FC17B58B" box="[868,974,228,250]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF46270B5E1FB94B588" box="[1033,1101,228,249]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Japan</collectingCountry>
by C. E. Lischke in 1871 (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46550B407FBE7B469" author="Lutaenko KA &amp; Chaban EM" box="[809,1086,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="141 - 147" refId="ref17636" refString="Lutaenko KA, Chaban EM. 2016. Bivalve collection of C. E. Lischke in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg: Mytilidae, Ungulinidae and Tellinidae. Korean Journal of Malacology 32: 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="2016">Lutaenko &amp; Chaban, 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Subsequent Japanese workers were undecided on its generic status, assigning the species variously to
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF465DEB445FAC9B427" authority="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1857" authorityName="H. Adams &amp; A. Adams" authorityYear="1857" box="[935,1296,320,342]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Adula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF465DEB445FC33B424" box="[935,1002,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Adula</emphasis>
H.Adams &amp;A.Adams, 1857
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4636AB444FC77B405" authority="Morch, 1853" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1853" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Hormomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4636AB444FA55B427" box="[1299,1420,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Hormomya</emphasis>
Mörch, 1853
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4659BB45BFB1FB405" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[994,1222,350,372]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4659BB45BFBECB402" box="[994,1077,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Volsella</emphasis>
Scopoli, 1777
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46282B45BFA52B405" author="Kuroda T" box="[1275,1419,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="123 - 134" refId="ref17111" refString="Kuroda T. 1932. Japanese shells: Mytilidae (Appendix). Venus 3: 123 - 134." type="journal article" year="1932">Kuroda, 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46550B478FBC3B4E2" author="Habe T &amp; Kosuge S" box="[809,1050,381,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" refId="ref16776" refString="Habe T, Kosuge S. 1967. Common shells of Japan in color. Osaka: Hoikusha Publishing." type="book" year="1967">Habe &amp; Kosuge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF4625EB478FB7CB4E2" author="Habe T" box="[1063,1189,381,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" refId="ref16708" refString="Habe T. 1968. Shells of the western Pacific in color, Vol. II. Osaka: Hoikusha Publishing." type="book" year="1968">Habe, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). A century later, the species was assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF46244B499FBDFB4A1" authority="Kuroda &amp; Habe in Kuroda et al. (1971)" authorityName="KURODA &amp; HABE IN KURODA" authorityYear="1971" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="323" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF46244B499FB6DB4C0" box="[1085,1204,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Vignadula</emphasis>
Kuroda &amp; Habe in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46550B4BFFBDFB4A1" author="Kuroda T &amp; Habe T &amp; Oyama K" box="[809,1030,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" refId="ref17131" refString="Kuroda T, Habe T, Oyama K. 1971. The sea shells of Sagami Bay. Collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Tokyo: Maruzen." type="book" year="1971">
Kuroda
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF465FAB4BEFC63B4BE" box="[899,954,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, although
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46205B4BFFACCB4A1" author="Wilson BR" box="[1148,1301,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref19024" refString="Wilson BR. 1967. A new generic name for three Recent and one fossil species of Mytilidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in southern Australasia, with redescriptions of the species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 37: 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1967">Wilson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the possible connection between
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF462CCB4DFFAF2B49E" authorityName="Lischke" authorityYear="1871" box="[1205,1323,474,495]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF462CCB4DFFAF2B49E" box="[1205,1323,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">V. atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF46274B4FDFB56B77C" box="[1037,1167,504,525]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Xenostrobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF46274B4FDFB56B77C" box="[1037,1167,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Xenostrobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This was later followed up by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46514B713FBE0B75D" author="Ockelmann KW" box="[877,1081,534,556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="81 - 123" refId="ref18240" refString="Ockelmann KW. 1983. Descriptions of mytilid species and definition of the Dacrydiinae n. subfam. (Mytilacea - Bivalvia). Ophelia 22: 81 - 123." type="journal article" year="1983">Ockelmann (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46209B712FA8EB75D" author="Lee SY &amp; Morton B" box="[1136,1367,534,556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="49 - 76" refId="ref17268" refString="Lee SY, Morton B. 1985. The Hong Kong Mytilidae. In: Morton B, Dudgeon D, eds. The malacofauna of Hong Kong and southern China II. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 6 - 24 April 1983, Vol. 1. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 49 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1985">Lee &amp; Morton (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, who considered
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF465DFB730FBC3B73B" box="[934,1050,565,586]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF465DFB730FBC3B73B" box="[934,1050,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Vignadula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4637DB730FA53B73B" box="[1284,1418,565,586]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Xenostrobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4637DB730FA53B73B" box="[1284,1418,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Xenostrobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At about the same time,
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4623AB751FC75B7F9" authority="Habe (1981)" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1981" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="fortunei" subSpecies="kikuchii">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4623AB751FA48B718" box="[1091,1425,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Limnoperna fortunei kikuchii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46550B777FC75B7F9" author="Habe T" box="[809,940,626,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="15 - 264" refId="ref16730" refString="Habe T. 1981. A catalogue of molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture, the Province of Kii. 1. Bivalvia, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Special Series 7: xiii - xx, 15 - 264." type="journal article" year="1981">Habe (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described, which afterwards proved to be
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF4655EB797FC56B7D6" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[807,911,658,679]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Xenostrobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="securis">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4655EB797FC56B7D6" box="[807,911,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">X. securis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
introduced from
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF46231B794FB76B7D6" box="[1096,1199,657,679]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">Australia</collectingCountry>
and/or
<collectingCountry id="F3209EA2132CFFF46378B797FA4BB7D6" box="[1281,1426,657,679]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF46548B7B5FBC0B7B4" author="Kimura T &amp; Tabe M &amp; Shikano Y" box="[817,1049,688,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref17021" refString="Kimura T, Tabe M, Shikano Y. 1999. Limnoperna fortunei kikuchii Habe, 1981 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) is a synonym of Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck, 1819): introduction into Japan from Australia and / or New Zealand. Venus 58: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1999">
Kimura
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF465EFB7B4FC0BB7B4" box="[918,978,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). Kimura (1996) also described
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF46550B7CAFC4BB795" authorityName="Lischke" authorityYear="1871" box="[809,914,719,740]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF46550B7CAFC4BB795" box="[809,914,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">X. atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in detail, and subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF462C5B7CBFA49B795" author="Kimura T &amp; Tabe M &amp; Shikano Y" box="[1212,1424,718,740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref17021" refString="Kimura T, Tabe M, Shikano Y. 1999. Limnoperna fortunei kikuchii Habe, 1981 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) is a synonym of Xenostrobus securis (Lamarck, 1819): introduction into Japan from Australia and / or New Zealand. Venus 58: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1999">
Kimura
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF4636CB7CAFA9EB792" box="[1301,1351,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
compared it with other congeners (see also
<tableCitation id="C6B5EB89132CFFF4635EB7E8FA5BB673" box="[1319,1410,749,771]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="18.[127,191,395,417]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of Vignadula species with Xenostrobus pulex" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488EBA1337FFEF6606B48EFCE0B4D0" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="DF488EBA1337FFEF6606B48EFCE0B4D0">Table 1</tableCitation>
). However, owing to its external resemblance to the tropical
<taxonomicName id="4C37A5B1132CFFF46551B62EFC41B64E" authorityName="Tan &amp; Tan &amp; Sanpanich &amp; Duangdee &amp; Ambarwati" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="OCKELMANN" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[808,920,810,832]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Vignadula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mangle">
<emphasis id="B9430220132CFFF46551B62EFC41B64E" box="[808,920,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="325">V. mangle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), the two species have sometimes been confused with each other (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6A3C3132CFFF462DAB64FFAF9B62F" author="Wang Z" box="[1187,1312,841,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="325" refId="ref18931" refString="Wang Z. 1997. Fauna Sinica. Phylum Mollusca, Order Mytiloida. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="1997">Wang, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
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), particularly along the Chinese coast, where both species may occur and overlap in distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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