430 lines
54 KiB
XML
430 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="1B364EA2D6C85D7C8F11FFF39DFB3CC8" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32974" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3ad9b4c-35d8-4a01-a14b-3dd968623358" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583192" ID-ZooBank="50496AC4-D639-49A7-9249-386B037DAE72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495697318696" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2017" docId="0393E60DFF91FFB3D2B08A2CECD771F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4271.1.1SLASH11141.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4271 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neoferdina Livingstone 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFAA9E75FFB7FF9BD2278D50ED097120" masterDocTitle="Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698439914132" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9FC146DB65A781BFF203F10C5E6E30AA">Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C7FB69DAC5A71607D69F19C41D1F08DE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="15EE5B7E6DADA7344C0329EF48B2EE2A">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9133F41A1E5E117A29C8C8C1B98E3950">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="282CE8ED795F586AAD0C34D58EA286A8">
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<mods:date id="4AFBD35BF38E2128A97B0841A4A91492">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4EA20E7A52823FCB326C5EC71163C324">4271</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0393E60DFF91FFB3D2B08A2CECD771F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6017009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFF91FFB3D2B08A2CECD771F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393E60DFF91FFB3D2B08A2CECD771F5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="C3200490FF91FFBCD2B08A2CE9C5718E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF91FFBDD2B08A2CECF576B6" blockId="38.[151,508,1916,1942]" box="[151,508,1916,1942]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D0CDE077FF91FFBDD2B08A2CECF576B6" bold="true" box="[151,508,1916,1942]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF91FFBDD2B08A2CECF576B6" ID-CoL="7PLXK" authority="Livingstone 1931" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,508,1916,1942]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF91FFBDD2B08A2CECF576B6" bold="true" box="[151,508,1916,1942]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF91FFBDD2B08A2CEC2976B6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neoferdina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF91FFBDD3008A2CECF576B6" author="Livingstone" box="[295,508,1916,1942]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone 1931</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85571BFF91FFBCD2B08A92E9C5718E" blockId="38.[151,1389,1986,2008]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,152,235]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF91FFBDD2B08A92EC0F76F8" author="Gray" box="[151,262,1986,2008]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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: 282; 1866: 12;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF91FFBDD38D8A92EF2276F8" author="Perrier" box="[426,555,1986,2008]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier 1875</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 447;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF91FFBDD04F8A92EFE376F8" author="Sladen" box="[616,746,1986,2008]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 02022. x" type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 397;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF91FFBDD1008A92EEA876F8" author="Fisher" box="[807,929,1986,2008]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, xiii, 1 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 241; H.L. Clark 1921: 37 [as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF91FFBDD6F28A92E82F76F8" box="[1237,1318,1986,2008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF91FFBDD6F28A92E82F76F8" box="[1237,1318,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ferdina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part)]
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD2B08DC8EC98718E" author="Muller" box="[151,401,152,174]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. F. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xx + 134 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 34;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD3E68DC8EF35718E" author="Grube" box="[449,572,152,174]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Grube, E. (1860) Beschreibunger neuer oder weiniger bekannter seesterne und seeigel. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino - Carolinae, 27, 3 - 50, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1860">Grube 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: 9;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD0478DC8EE45718E" author="Dujardin" box="[608,844,152,174]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Dujardin, F. & Hupe, H. (1862) Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes, Echinodermes. Librarie de Roret, Paris, 628 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1862">Dujardin et Hupé 1862</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 365;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1AD8DC8E907718E" author="Lutken" box="[906,1038,152,174]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lutken, C. (1865) Kritiske Bemaerkninger om forskellige Sostjerner (Asterider), med Beskrivelse af nogle nye Arter. Fidenskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 1864, 123 - 169." type="journal article" year="1865">Lütken 1865</bibRefCitation>
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: 163 (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD64F8DC9E9CC718E" box="[1128,1221,153,174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Scytaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD64F8DC9E9CC718E" box="[1128,1221,153,174]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Scytaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3200490FF90FFBCD2B08DE6E86971CB" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2B08DE6E86971CB" blockId="39.[151,1436,152,235]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD2B08DE6EC5B71EC" author="Livingstone" box="[151,338,182,204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 307;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD3BE8DE7EF4471EC" author="Clark" box="[409,589,182,204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Clark, H. L. (1946) The Echinoderm fauna of Australia. Publications of the Carnegie Institute of Washington, 566, 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1946">H.L. Clark 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 112;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD0B38DE6EE7D71EC" author="Clark" box="[660,884,182,204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, 690, ix, 1 - 238, 31 pls." type="journal article" year="1971">Clark & Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 64 (in key);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD6288DE7E9AC71EC" author="Jangoux" box="[1039,1189,182,204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Jangoux, M. (1973) Le genre Neoferdina Livingstone (Echinodermata, Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87 (4), 775 - 794." type="journal article" year="1973">Jangoux 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 776;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD6CA8DE6E86F71EC" author="Clark" box="[1261,1382,182,204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 344 (checklist);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD3188D86EF1971CB" author="Rowe" box="[319,528,213,235]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 33. CSIRO Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1 - 510." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 89;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD0668D85EE0D71CB" author="Liao" box="[577,772,213,235]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp., 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 119;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1668D85E98E71CB" author="Clark" box="[833,1159,213,235]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea - stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">H.E.S. Clark & McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 175. (as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6C08D85E85171CB" box="[1255,1368,213,235]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6C08D85E85171CB" box="[1255,1368,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3200490FF90FFBCD2B08C47EF787010" box="[151,625,279,304]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2B08C47EF787010" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" box="[151,625,279,304]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2B08C47EC3B7010" bold="true" box="[151,306,279,304]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD31E8C48EF787010" authority="Gray 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[313,625,280,304]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD31E8C48ECFA700F" box="[313,499,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ferdina cumingi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD3DD8C48EF787010" author="Gray" box="[506,625,280,304]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3200490FF90FFB3D2E08C6CECD771F5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E08C6CE97C739D" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2E08C6CEC487075" bold="true" box="[199,321,316,341]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
Body strongly stellate (R/r=~2.0–5.7, mostly between 3.0–4.0 cm), body flattened (i.e. quadrate in cross-section) in most species but variably pentagonal in larger individuals), body surface almost completely covered by granular tegument, save for bald patches or spots on abactinal and marginal plates. Crystalline nodules absent from abactinal, marginal plates. Abactinal plates variably flat to strongly convex, forming distinctive bumpy surfaces in many species. These plates also present in transverse series across the arm in several but not all species. Marginal plates variably equal dimensions to elongate to elliptical in shape. Most superomarginals convex, variably weak to strong but all with distinct bald region.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD16C8F45EEBE730C" box="[843,951,533,556]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD16C8F45EEBE730C" box="[843,951,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. annae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1E48F44E901730D" bold="true" box="[963,1032,532,557]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD1E48F44E901730D" box="[963,1032,532,557]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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with bare regions on penultimate superomarginals, but otherwise covered by granular tegument. Inferomarginals variably granule-covered or with bald patch present. Actinal intermediate regions small (with fewer than four full actinal series) with single furrow spine series, subambulacral accessories absent. Most species display a bright to striking color pattern with a wide range, generally with dark colored superomarginal plates and lighter colored disk plates.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E08F97ECCC72B5" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2E08F97ECDF73C0" bold="true" box="[199,470,711,736]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3C68F98EF5773C0" box="[481,606,712,736]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3C68F98EF5773C0" box="[481,606,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD16C8F97E92E73C0" author="Livingstone" box="[843,1063,711,736]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6DC8F99E87D73FF" box="[1275,1396,712,736]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6DC8F99E87D73FF" box="[1275,1396,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD7A08F99EC117224" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glyptodisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD7A08F99EC117224" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. glyptodisca</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD30F8FBDEC887224" box="[296,385,748,772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD30F8FBDEC887224" box="[296,385,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. kuhlii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3B38FBDECFB7224" box="[404,498,748,772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3B38FBDECFB7224" box="[404,498,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. offreti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0228FBDEF747224" box="[517,637,748,772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0228FBDEF747224" box="[517,637,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. ocellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0908FBDEE407224" box="[695,841,748,772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cancellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0908FBDEE407224" box="[695,841,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F. cancellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the, then paraphyletic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6808FBCE8917224" authority="Gray (1840)" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1191,1432,748,772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6808FBCE8097224" box="[1191,1280,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ferdina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD72E8FBCE8917224" author="Gray" box="[1289,1432,748,772]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray (1840)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD2B08E40EC447208" author="Jangoux" box="[151,333,784,808]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Jangoux, M. (1973) Le genre Neoferdina Livingstone (Echinodermata, Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87 (4), 775 - 794." type="journal article" year="1973">Jangoux (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refined boundaries between species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1138E40EEB87208" box="[820,945,784,808]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1138E40EEB87208" box="[820,945,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reporting on variation, synonymies and relationships and provided the first key to the genus. The two most recently described species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6D28E64EDF0724F" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6D28E64E87C726C" box="[1269,1397,820,844]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Neoferdina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD7A58E65EDF0724F" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">N. japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3168E09ECEA7250" box="[305,483,856,880]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longibrachia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3168E09ECEA7250" box="[305,483,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. longibrachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were described from Japanese waters by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1E78E08E9E97250" author="Oguro" box="[960,1248,855,880]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Oguro, C., Misaki, H. (1986) A new sea - star, Neoferdina japonica, from Japan. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Systematic Zoology, 34, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Oguro and Miskai (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD73F8E08EC2572B4" author="Kogure" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Kogure, Y. & Fujita, Y. (2012) A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan. Zootaxa, 3367, 262 - 260." type="journal volume" year="2012">Kogure and Fujita (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E08EF0E9B57568" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
A review of the depth occurrence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD04B8EF0EFE07298" box="[620,745,928,952]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD04B8EF0EFE07298" box="[620,745,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates a significant shift from the historical perception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD2B08E94EC1D72FC" box="[151,276,964,988]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2B08E94EC1D72FC" box="[151,276,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as occurring primarily in shallow-water tropical habitats. Only three of the 11 established species (the problematic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3038EB9EC747520" box="[292,381,1000,1024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kuhli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3038EB9EC747520" box="[292,381,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. kuhli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is omitted),
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0298EB9EFF47520" box="[526,765,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0298EB9EF8572DF" box="[526,652,1000,1024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">N. cumingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0BF8EB9EFF47520" box="[664,765,1000,1024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">N. offreti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1128EB9EE7272DF" box="[821,891,1000,1024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1128EB9EE7272DF" box="[821,891,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. oni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, show an upper occurrence at a depth shallower than 10 meters. The remaining species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0E7895DEE507504" box="[704,857,1037,1060]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antigorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0E7895DEE507504" box="[704,857,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. antigorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. sp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD18A895DE92C7504" box="[941,1061,1036,1060]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD18A895DE92C7504" box="[941,1061,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD611895DE9B47504" box="[1078,1213,1037,1060]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD611895DE9B47504" box="[1078,1213,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc. are present at intermediate depths,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFF90FFBCD3A68960ECFD7568" box="[385,500,1072,1096]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">20–100 m</quantity>
|
||
, but at least three species which occur as deep as
|
||
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFF90FFBCD607897FE9B17568" box="[1056,1208,1071,1096]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="150.0">
|
||
150 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C9C92FF90FFBCD6498960E9B17568" box="[1134,1208,1072,1096]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">200 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E08904EFC17490" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2E08904EF11754C" box="[199,536,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD2E08904ECA1754C" box="[199,424,1108,1132]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">Neoferdina cumingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3948905EF11754C" box="[435,536,1108,1132]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">N. offreti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD06A8905EF9B754C" box="[589,658,1109,1132]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD06A8905EF9B754C" box="[589,658,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. oni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all share transverse rows of enlarged, convex abactinal arm plates, in addition to bald patches which occur in variable patterns on the disk and arm surface. The complete absence of convex abactinal plates supports another cluster, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD17089CDEEDB7594" box="[855,978,1180,1204]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD17089CDEEDB7594" box="[855,978,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1C189CDE9977594" box="[998,1182,1180,1204]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longibrachia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1C189CDE9977594" box="[998,1182,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. longibrachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6C089CDE85A7594" box="[1255,1363,1181,1204]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6C089CDE85A7594" box="[1255,1363,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD74789CDE89E7594" box="[1376,1431,1181,1204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3258991EC7375F8" box="[258,378,1216,1240]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3258991EC7375F8" box="[258,378,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD39F8991EF6475F8" box="[440,621,1216,1240]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longibrachia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD39F8991EF6475F8" box="[440,621,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. longibrachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nearly identical and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1B48991EEF575F8" box="[915,1020,1217,1240]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1B48991EEF575F8" box="[915,1020,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD6218991E93275F8" box="[1030,1083,1217,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lacks bare spots on nearly all marginal plates suggesting the possibility of placement outside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1B489B4E91975DC" box="[915,1040,1252,1276]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1B489B4E91975DC" box="[915,1040,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Intermediate between these two groups, are
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3068859EFE3743F" box="[289,746,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3068859ECA3743F" box="[289,426,1288,1312]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">N. japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD39E8859EF4B743F" box="[441,578,1288,1312]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gigantea">N. gigantea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0768859EFE3743F" box="[593,746,1288,1312]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antigorum">N. antigorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1008859EE997400" box="[807,912,1289,1312]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="momo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1008859EE997400" box="[807,912,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. momo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD1BD8859EEC67400" box="[922,975,1289,1312]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
which lack transverse plate series. The former three possess a low abundance of abactinal plates in irregular formation whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6A2887DE9E57464" box="[1157,1260,1325,1348]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="momo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6A2887DE9E57464" box="[1157,1260,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. momo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD6D4887DE8217464" box="[1267,1320,1325,1348]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
possesses many abundant convex abactinal plates in distinct series. Thus, abactinal plates and to a lesser extent, marginal plate accessories are useful for identification of lineages within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1BF8824E91C74AC" box="[920,1045,1396,1420]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1BF8824E91C74AC" box="[920,1045,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provide a starting point for comparisons with molecular phylogenetic studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E088ECEE0277A8" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The shallow-water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD38688ECEF1774F4" box="[417,542,1468,1492]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD38688ECEF1774F4" box="[417,542,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are widely occurring and display variable characters which complicate inter- and intraspecific boundaries. Although some monography is present for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD60588B0E99674D8" box="[1058,1183,1504,1528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD60588B0E99674D8" box="[1058,1183,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD6CB88B0E88674D8" author="Jangoux" box="[1260,1423,1504,1528]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Jangoux, M. (1973) Le genre Neoferdina Livingstone (Echinodermata, Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87 (4), 775 - 794." type="journal article" year="1973">Jangoux 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), field guides (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD37F8B54EF09773C" author="Coleman" box="[344,512,1540,1565]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Coleman, N. (2007) Sea Stars: Echinoderms of the Asia / Indo - Pacific. Neville Coleman's Underwater Geographic, Queensland, 136 pp." type="book" year="2007">Coleman 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Humann and deLoach 2010) and especially crowd-sourced photography websites/ social media image streams (e.g., Flickr, Facebook) have begun to convey much more of the widespread variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD2C28B1CEC6B7744" box="[229,354,1612,1636]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2C28B1CEC6B7744" box="[229,354,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has largely been pigeonholed into the two most familiar species known from field guides (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2878B21EC8777A8" box="[160,398,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD2878B21EC1777A7" box="[160,286,1648,1672]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">N. cumingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD30E8B21EC8777A8" box="[297,398,1648,1672]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">N. offreti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and to a lesser extent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0A18B21EFF377A8" box="[646,762,1648,1672]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0A18B21EFF377A8" box="[646,762,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFBCD2E08BC4EF4C7688" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Variable forms have been observed for several species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1818BC5E912778C" box="[934,1051,1684,1708]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1818BC5E912778C" box="[934,1051,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and especially for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6D68BC5E865778C" box="[1265,1388,1685,1708]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6D68BC5E865778C" box="[1265,1388,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD2B08BE9EDF777F0" box="[151,254,1720,1744]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2B08BE9EDF777F0" box="[151,254,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. offreti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which show some morphological overlap. Preliminary COI (molecular) data (G. Paulay, pers. comm.) suggest that cryptic species are likely present within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0C28B8DEE6977D4" box="[741,864,1757,1780]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0C28B8DEE6977D4" box="[741,864,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Molecular data (mitochondrial and COI) for other widely occurring tropical valvatacean species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0DC8A50EED97638" box="[763,976,1792,1816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Acanthasteridae" genus="Acanthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="planci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0DC8A50EED97638" box="[763,976,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acanthaster planci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1F98BAFE9A17638" author="Vogler" box="[990,1192,1791,1816]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Vogler, C., Benzie, J., Lessios, H., Barber, P. & Worheide, G. (2008) A threat to coral reefs multiplied? Four species of crown - of - thorns starfish. Biology Letters, 4, 696 - 699. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2008.0454" type="journal article" year="2008">Vogler et al, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD6938A50E9E67638" author="Vogler" box="[1204,1263,1792,1816]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Vogler, C., Benzie, J., Barber, P. H., Erdmann, M. V. E., Ambariyanto, Sheppard, C., Tenggardjaja, K., Gerard, K. & Worheide, G. (2012) Phylogeography of the Crown - of - Thorns Starfish in the Indian Ocean. PLoS One, 7 (8), e 43499. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0043499" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD6DD8A50E83D7638" author="Vogler" box="[1274,1332,1792,1816]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Vogler, C, Benzie, J. A. H., Tenggardjaja, K., Ambariyanto, Barber, P. H. & Worheide, G. (2013) Phylogeography of the crown - of - thorns starfish: genetic structure within the Pacific species. Coral Reefs, 32 (2), 515 - 525. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00338 - 012 - 1003 - z" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has also demonstrated cryptic lineages within wide-ranging, Indo-Pacific species. Thus, although a summary of morphological observations for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD0228A18EF8B7640" box="[517,642,1864,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD0228A18EF8B7640" box="[517,642,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Neoferdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and known data for these species are included, these should only be considered a starting point for understanding the phylogeny and taxonomy for these groups as more data is need to test the relationships for these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85571BFF90FFB3D2E08AE4ECD771F5" blockId="39.[151,1437,279,2033]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD2E08AE4EF4176ED" bold="true" box="[199,584,1972,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Included species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3BE8AE4EF0A76EB" box="[409,515,1972,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3BE8AE4EF0A76EB" bold="true" box="[409,515,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD02E8AE4EF4176ED" box="[521,584,1972,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD07B8AE4EE3576ED" bold="true" box="[604,828,1971,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD07B8AE4EFF176EC" box="[604,760,1971,1996]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antigorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD07B8AE4EFF176EC" bold="true" box="[604,760,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. antigorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF90FFBCD0D98AE4EE3576ED" box="[766,828,1972,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD16D8AE5E95576EC" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[842,1116,1972,1996]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD16D8AE5EECD76EC" box="[842,964,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1F58AE4E95A76EC" author="Gray" box="[978,1107,1972,1996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6408AE5E87E76EC" authority="Liao 1989" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1989" box="[1127,1399,1972,1997]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6408AE5E9E376EC" box="[1127,1258,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
(Liao 1989)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD7A58AE5ECB476D0" authority="Fisher 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glyptodisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD7A58AE5EC1176D0" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. glyptodisca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD30F8A88ECBC76D0" author="Fisher" box="[296,437,2008,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) Four new genera and fifty - eight new species of starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the US National Museum, 43, 599 - 648." type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD3EC8A89EE1D76D1" authority="Livingstone 1936" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1936" box="[459,788,2008,2033]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD3EC8A89EF4876D0" box="[459,577,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. insolita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD06D8A88EE1D76D1" author="Livingstone" box="[586,788,2008,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Livingstone, A. (1936) Descriptions of new Asteroidea from the Pacific. Records of the Australian Museum, 19, 383 - 397, pls. 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="1936">Livingstone 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD1058A89E9B176D1" authority="Oguro & Misaki, 1986" authorityName="Oguro & Misaki" authorityYear="1986" box="[802,1208,2008,2033]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD1058A89EEAF76D0" box="[802,934,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFBCD1888A88E9B176D1" author="Oguro" box="[943,1208,2008,2033]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Oguro, C., Misaki, H. (1986) A new sea - star, Neoferdina japonica, from Japan. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Systematic Zoology, 34, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Oguro & Misaki, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF90FFBCD6E38A89E81676D0" box="[1220,1311,2008,2032]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kuhli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF90FFBCD6E38A89E81676D0" box="[1220,1311,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. kuhli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF90FFB3D7088A88EF027190" author="Muller" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. F. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xx + 134 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel, 1842-but problematic</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D0038DC8EFE07190" bold="true" box="[548,745,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF9FFFB3D0038DC8EF9C718F" box="[548,661,152,175]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="momo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D0038DC8EF9C718F" bold="true" box="[548,661,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N. momo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF9FFFB3D0848DC7EFE07190" box="[675,745,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1842);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF9FFFB3D16F8DC9E8167190" authority="Kogure & Fujita 2012" authorityName="Kogure & Fujita" authorityYear="2012" box="[840,1311,151,176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longibrachia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D16F8DC9E9097190" box="[840,1024,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N. longibrachia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF9FFFB3D6298DC8E8167190" author="Kogure" box="[1038,1311,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Kogure, Y. & Fujita, Y. (2012) A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan. Zootaxa, 3367, 262 - 260." type="journal volume" year="2012">Kogure & Fujita 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF9FFFB3D7168DC9EC4571F4" authority="Koehler, 1910" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="offreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D7168DC9E8957190" box="[1329,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N. offreti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFF9FFFB3D2B98DECEC4A71F4" author="Koehler" box="[158,323,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Koehler, R. (1910) An account of the shallow - water Asteroidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 6, 1 - 192." type="book chapter" year="1910">Koehler, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D3708DECECD771F5" bold="true" box="[343,478,187,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FF9FFFB3D3708DECEC9671F4" box="[343,415,187,212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FF9FFFB3D3708DECEC9671F4" bold="true" box="[343,415,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N. oni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D3672FF9FFFB3D3818DECECD771F5" box="[422,478,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |