384 lines
55 KiB
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384 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="78632556F5F25693CD17F55051230309" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625188528868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Gibbons, Mark J. & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2006" docId="038D1B081340FF99FED7F9323587FC64" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01127p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1127 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) basilis Kirkpatrick. We 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB46370135EFFB9FFDFFFBE3668F90A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698982629527" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CFACC6BC520B8443AF74B37FFDED359A">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1340FFA7FED7F93235E9FFAC" blockId="30.[264,897,1676,1737]" box="[264,897,1676,1702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FED7F93235E9FFAC" ID-CoL="6P4JY" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1908" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,897,1676,1702]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis" subGenus="Latrunculia">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FED7F93235E9FFAC" bold="true" box="[264,897,1676,1702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FED7F93234F1FFAC" bold="true" box="[264,665,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) basilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FD7FF93235E9FFAC" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[672,897,1676,1702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36137" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904 Natural History, 4 (2), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951340FFA7FED7F9113404FFC3" box="[264,620,1711,1737]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1340FFA7FED7F9113404FFC3" blockId="30.[264,897,1676,1737]" box="[264,620,1711,1737]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FECFF9113706FFC3" box="[272,366,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FEA4F91137E4FFC3" box="[379,396,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FE47F91137D7FFC3" box="[408,447,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-58@17.[267,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; C. Latrunculia biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; D. Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; E. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887; F. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057832/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4D</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51340FFA7FE13F9113445FFC3" box="[460,557,1711,1737]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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&
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51340FFA7FD8CF911340AFFC3" box="[595,610,1711,1737]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951340FFA7FED7F9443585FE5B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1340FFA7FED7F9443585FE5B" blockId="30.[264,1323,1786,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB348D301340FFA7FED7F9443585FE5B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A858C0F1340FFA7FED7F9443520FE1B" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[264,840,1786,1809]" page="57" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FED7F9443520FE1B" ID-CoL="6P4JY" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1908: 57" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,840,1786,1809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="apicalis" variety="basilis">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FED7F9443432FE1B" box="[264,602,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia apicalis var. basilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FDBFF9443520FE1B" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[608,840,1786,1809]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36137" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904 Natural History, 4 (2), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick, 1908: 57</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FC8CF94432B9FE1B" ID-CoL="3SLZB" authority="Tanita, 1959" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1959" box="[851,1233,1786,1809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FC8CF944322BFE1B" box="[851,1091,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia antarctica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FB95F94432B9FE1B" author="Tanita, S." box="[1098,1233,1786,1809]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref36957" refString="Tanita, S. (1959) Sponges. Biological results of the Japanese Antarctic researchexpedition, 1, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1959">Tanita, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, P.7,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FAD7F943372FFE3B" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIG 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FE8DF8A4370AFE3B" box="[338,354,1818,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="49.[264,367,1483,1507]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; C. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KRASOKHIN 2002); D. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KELLY 2003); E. Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly 2003 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KELLY 2003); F. Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); I. Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002)" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">8</figureCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FEB1F8A43400FE3B" ID-CoL="3SM25" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[366,616,1818,1841]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FEB1F8A43400FE3B" box="[366,616,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia lendenfeldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FDA9F8A4356DFE3B" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[630,773,1818,1841]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="428 - 433" refId="ref36174" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of Antarctic, Part I. Tetraxononida and Cornacuspongida. Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Acedemy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., Zoological Institute Vol 2, Pp. 6 - 116, 428 - 433, pls 1 - 15, Moscow." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 23;
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FCBFF8A4324DFE3B" ID-CoL="3SLYD" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[864,1061,1818,1841]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FCBFF8A4324DFE3B" box="[864,1061,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FBECF8A432C0FE3B" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[1075,1192,1818,1841]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="9 - 157" refId="ref37235" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (south-west Africa): Classes Hexactinellida and demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157." type="journal article" year="1988">Uriz, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 49, FIG. 25.
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1340FFA7FEBFF884357AFE5B" ID-CoL="3SM25" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[352,786,1850,1873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1340FFA7FEBFF8843434FE5B" box="[352,604,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Latrunculia lendenfeldi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1340FFA7FDBDF884357AFE5B" author="Hentschel, E." box="[610,786,1850,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref35580" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornshwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 15 (Zool. 7), 35 - 141 pls 4 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, PG. 44, PL. V,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1340FFA7FC6FF8833585FE5B" box="[944,1005,1850,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIG. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951341FFA6FED7FEA53723FB12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FED7FEA5350FF8AF" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431341FFA6FED7FEA5350FF8AF" collectionCode="HMN" county="National Antarctic" elevation="462" location="Balleney Island" municipality="Antarctic" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="BMNH 1908.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FED7FEA5379CF83F" bold="true" box="[264,500,283,309]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1341FFA6FED7FEA53712F83F" box="[264,378,283,309]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8202651341FFA6FDD7FEA334C5F83E" box="[520,685,285,308]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">BMNH 1908.2</specimenCode>
|
||
.5.72, labeled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FC9EFEA032F2F83F" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1908" box="[833,1178,285,309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="apicalis" variety="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FC9EFEA03274F83F" box="[833,1052,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Latrunculia apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FB8BFEA032F2F83F" box="[1108,1178,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1341FFA6FED7FEFA37A0F851" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[264,456,324,347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36137" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904 Natural History, 4 (2), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ethanol preserved sample (light brownbeige subsample of specimen, 10 x 10 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FED7FED73720F88A" box="[264,328,361,384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) and microscopeslides, dredged off
|
||
<location id="8EFBFCC51341FFA6FCB6FED7327EF88A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081340FF99FED7F9323587FC64:8EFBFCC51341FFA6FCB6FED7327EF88A" box="[873,1046,361,384]" county="National Antarctic" municipality="Antarctic" name="Balleney Island" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Balleney Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641341FFA6FBFBFED732E3F88A" box="[1060,1163,361,384]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Antarctic</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FB02FED7334DF88A" box="[1245,1317,361,384]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="462.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00094D2D1341FFA6FB02FED7334DF88A" box="[1245,1317,361,384]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FAD2921341FFA6FED7FE3037A5F8AF" box="[264,461,398,421]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">National Antarctic</collectingCounty>
|
||
expedition,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FD8DFE313568F8AC" box="[594,768,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1341FFA6FD8DFE3134E5F8AC" box="[594,653,399,422]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/08rb-102z" name="Humbolt Museum fur Naturkunde, East Berlin" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">HMN</collectionCode>
|
||
Discovery
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
190104.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7FE0D3723FB12" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431341FFA6FEE7FE0D3723FB12" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="Wilhelm II Coast" country="Antarctica" elevation="385" latitude="-66.035835" location="Antarctica" longLatPrecision="376" longitude="89.63333" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="ZMB 4812" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7FE0D34E2F8C7" bold="true" box="[312,650,435,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8202651341FFA6FD7AFE0B354DF8C6" box="[677,805,437,460]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">ZMB 4812</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1341FFA6FCE1FE0B35C9F8C6" box="[830,929,437,460]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), Labeled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FBFAFE0837D0F8F9" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FBFAFE083342F8C7" box="[1061,1322,438,461]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Latrunculia lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1341FFA6FED7FE6237D0F8F9" author="Hentschel, E." box="[264,440,476,499]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref35580" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornshwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 15 (Zool. 7), 35 - 141 pls 4 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, seven microscopeslides,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81341FFA6FD0CFE6235E4F8F9" box="[723,908,476,499]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Wilhelm II Coast</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1341FFA6FC48FE623261F8F9" box="[919,1033,476,499]" name="Antarctica" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91341FFA6FBCCFE623216F8F9" box="[1043,1150,476,499]" degrees="66" direction="south" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="9" value="-66.035835">66º 2' 9''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91341FFA6FB56FE62328DF8F9" box="[1161,1253,476,499]" degrees="89" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="89.63333">89º 38'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FED7FDBF3723FB12" box="[264,331,513,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="385.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00094D2D1341FFA6FED7FDBF3723FB12" box="[264,331,513,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="385.0">385 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951341FFA6FEE7FD9834B2FF73" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7FD983291FBEB" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7FD9837A7FB4A" bold="true" box="[312,463,550,576]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Small encrusting sponge, 30 x 20 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FCA0FD9935AAFB4B" box="[895,962,551,577]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Surface smooth, but sandpapery with one volcanoshaped or conical osculum at the apex (recorded by Kirkpatrick), but not visible in the preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1341FFA6FCE7FDC93502FB9B" box="[824,874,631,657]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, and mammiform areolate porefields 0.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FE18FD213449FBB3" box="[455,545,671,697]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Ectosome thin and transparent, easily separable from underlying choanosome. Colour in life light brown; in preservative light beigebrown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7FD503239FAF3" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7FD5037C2FA02" bold="true" box="[312,426,750,776]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The choanosomal skeleton is a loose irregular polygonalmeshed reticulation formed by wispy tracts of smooth styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1341FFA6FCA7FCA935BFFA3B" box="[888,983,791,817]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-58@17.[267,1320,326,1684]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; C. Latrunculia biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; D. Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; E. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887; F. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057832/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). These tracts range in width from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FE8FFC8137B5FA53" box="[336,477,831,857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="72.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="45.0">45–100 µm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness, forming meshes that are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FC0AFC81325FFA53" box="[981,1079,831,857]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="273.0">273 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide. There is no distinction between the primary and secondary fibres. Towards the surface the spicules tend to be vertically arranged. The surface of the ectosome is lined with an erect layer of single anisodiscorhabds. Beneath the discorhabds in the ectosome is a thin paratangential layer of densely interlocking megascleres, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FC71FC613260FAF3" box="[942,1032,991,1017]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="227.0">227 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7FBB8322EFCD3" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7FBB837CEFD2A" bold="true" box="[312,422,1030,1056]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres: styles are smooth, centrally thickened, fusiform and slightly sinuous, resembling strongyloxeas in appearance 554 (500–592) x 16 (16) m, n=20. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1341FFA6FE6CFBE9347AFD7B" box="[435,530,1111,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
): leafy anisodiscorhabds, the manubrium is a vertically arranged spinose base armoured with a basal whorl with two short horizontally arranged whorls of spines followed by a smooth slender shaft
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FCDEFB193525FDCB" box="[769,845,1191,1217]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FC1CFB19326AFDCB" box="[963,1026,1191,1217]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. The median whorl is circular, broad, flat, and horizontally arranged,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FCBEFB7135DAFDE3" box="[865,946,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="48.0">48 m</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, larger in diameter than the subsidiary and apical whorls. The median whorl is divided into four distinct segments each possessing eight denticulate margins or spines. The subsidiary whorl is slanted upwards and situated closer to the apical whorl. The subsidiary whorl is divided into three cupshaped segments fused with seven to eight denticulate margins. The spines of the apical whorl are the smallest, convex and slanted upwards to end in a tridentlike tuft of acute spined projections. Anisodiscorhabd length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FC78FA01359EFCD3" box="[935,1014,1471,1497]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
|
||
, n=20.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7FA58343FFF23" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7FA583546FF0A" bold="true" box="[312,814,1510,1536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Substratum, depth range, and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Substrate and ecology unknown with a depth range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FE06F9B1343BFF23" box="[473,595,1551,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.905" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="390.5" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="81.0">
|
||
81–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2261971341FFA6FDDCF9B1343BFF23" box="[515,595,1551,1577]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="generic">700 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FFA6FEE7F98834B2FF73" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7F9883403FF5A" bold="true" box="[312,619,1590,1616]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1341FFA6FD5EF98934A5FF5B" box="[641,717,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Balleney Island, Cape Cook and Oates coast,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1341FFA6FED7F9E137EEFF73" box="[264,390,1631,1657]" name="Antarctica" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Falklands Islands;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1341FFA6FDB2F9E134BEFF73" box="[621,726,1631,1657]" name="Namibia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951341FF99FEE7F9383587FC64" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1341FF99FEE7F9383521FA34" blockId="31.[264,1323,283,1897]" lastBlockId="32.[264,1324,284,1390]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FEE7F93837D9FFAA" bold="true" box="[312,433,1670,1696]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1341FFA6FE17F93934C0FFAB" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[456,680,1671,1697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36137" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904 Natural History, 4 (2), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this specimen as a variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FB7FF939370DFFC2" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FB7FF939370DFFC2" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Latrunculia apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As he was clear in stating the subspecific rank of this specimen ("var."), the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FED7F969373CFFFA" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,340,1751,1776]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FED7F969373CFFFA" box="[264,340,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under article
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FE22F9693444FFFB" box="[509,556,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="g" value="45.0">45g</quantity>
|
||
, 46b and 72a of the ICZN is elevated to species status and will subsequently be referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FDACF9413488FE12" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[627,736,1791,1816]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FDACF9413488FE12" box="[627,736,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his description
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1341FFA6FC10F94132C5FE13" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[975,1197,1791,1817]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36137" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904 Natural History, 4 (2), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the anisodiscorhabds vary somewhat from the typical form (as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1341FFA6FBC6F8993299FE4A" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[1049,1265,1831,1856]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1341FFA6FBC6F8993299FE4A" box="[1049,1265,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Latrunculia brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1341FFA6FAD3F8993758FE63" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
|
||
in length) having a small spike at the base, and a still smaller one at the apex. Upon examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC137EFF99FDD7FEA23452F83C" box="[520,570,284,310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species no basal or apical spike were observed, but this appearance is due to the angle the discorhabds was observed due to the vertical arrangement of the expanded spinose base of the manubrium. The small spike on the apical whorl is that of the vertical arrangement of the crown. On close examination the morphology of the discorhabd closely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FC70FE023245F8DF" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[943,1069,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FC70FE023245F8DF" box="[943,1069,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. bocagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from the anisodiscorhabd of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FE2CFE5A3419F8F7" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[499,625,484,509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FE2CFE5A3419F8F7" box="[499,625,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. bocagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having apical spines as opposed to the spined conules. The specimen collected on the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC137EFF99FBD5FDB2322EFB2C" box="[1034,1094,524,550]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
data unknownno collection data on label, but examined) and identified by Koltun as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FACCFD8A37E2FB7F" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FACCFD8A37E2FB7F" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is considered a specimen on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FCF1FDE235CCFB7F" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[814,932,604,629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FCF1FDE235CCFB7F" box="[814,932,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, base on the anisodiscorhabd morphology, apical structures, spicule measurements and locality (specimen examined by authors) (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FE76FD123466FBCC" box="[425,526,684,710]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FD95FD123432FBCC" box="[586,602,684,710]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FC93FD1235DBFBCF" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[844,947,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FC93FD1235DBFBCF" box="[844,947,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FB82FD123281FBCC" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[1117,1257,684,710]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="9 - 157" refId="ref37235" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (south-west Africa): Classes Hexactinellida and demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157." type="journal article" year="1988">Uriz (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137EFF99FED7FD6A3705FBE4" box="[264,365,724,750]" name="Namibia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(not examined by authors) is considered a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FBDEFD6A3205FBE7" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[1025,1133,724,749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FBDEFD6A3205FBE7" box="[1025,1133,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based solely on the geometry and structure of the anisodiscorhabd and structure of the styles, which resembles strongyloxeas in appearance (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FD3FFC9A3551FA34" box="[736,825,804,830]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E137EFF99FEE7FCF23587FC64" blockId="32.[264,1324,284,1390]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Although Tanita's type specimen was not examined [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FC77FCF232DAFA6F" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1959" box="[936,1202,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FC77FCF232DAFA6F" box="[936,1202,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Latrunculia antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC137EFF99FB1DFCF23342FA6C" box="[1218,1322,844,870]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
whereabouts unknownHooper and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FD69FCCA35CBFA84" author="Wiedenmayer, F." box="[694,931,884,910]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref37348" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Contributions to the knowledge of post-Palaeozoic neritic and archibenthal sponges (Porifera). The stratigraphic record, ecology, and global distribution of intermediate and higher taxa. Schweizerische Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 116, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Wiedenmayer 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] the similarities in morphology and spiculation (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FDD6FC22340EFABC" box="[521,614,924,950]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) as well as the specimens geographic position (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FB1DFC223349FABC" box="[1218,1313,924,950]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) strongly suggest that it is the same as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FD1BFC7A35CAFAD7" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[708,930,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FD1BFC7A35CAFAD7" box="[708,930,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Latrunculia basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Balleney Island in the Ross Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E137EFF99FE9AFC5237ABFD0C" box="[325,451,1004,1030]" name="Antarctica" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FE0CFC52353EFD0C" authority="Hentschel (1914)" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[467,854,1004,1030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FE0CFC523410FD0F" box="[467,632,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FD5BFC52353EFD0C" author="Hentschel, E." box="[644,854,1004,1030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref35580" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornshwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 15 (Zool. 7), 35 - 141 pls 4 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1914">Hentschel (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, after examination of the type species (ZMB 4812) (see FIG 12 C in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FDACFBAA3536FD24" author="Alvarez, B. & Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N." box="[627,862,1044,1070]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FD06FBAA3566FD27" box="[729,782,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is not a valid species but conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FE9AFB8237DBFD5F" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" box="[325,435,1084,1109]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FE9AFB8237DBFD5F" box="[325,435,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore a synonym of the latter species. This validation is based on the gross morphology, apical structure and spicule length (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FB87FBDA32D4FD74" box="[1112,1212,1124,1150]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) of the anisodiscorhabd morphology and the locality of the species (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA5137EFF99FBE3FB3232F2FDAC" box="[1084,1178,1164,1190]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) (specimen examined by authors). Based on these similarities in spiculation the authors consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FACCFB0A341EFDFC" authority="(sensu Tanita 1959)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Tanita" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FACCFB0A3717FDFF" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FE4DFB6237BBFDFF" box="[402,467,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FE03FB623404FDFC" author="Tanita, S." box="[476,620,1244,1270]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref36957" refString="Tanita, S. (1959) Sponges. Biological results of the Japanese Antarctic researchexpedition, 1, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1959">Tanita 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FD5CFB6235A3FDFC" authority="(sensu Uriz 1988)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Uriz" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[643,971,1244,1270]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FD5CFB623482FDFF" box="[643,746,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FD22FB623556FDFF" box="[765,830,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FC98FB6235AAFDFC" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[839,962,1244,1270]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="9 - 157" refId="ref37235" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (south-west Africa): Classes Hexactinellida and demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157." type="journal article" year="1988">Uriz 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FC06FB623724FC14" authority="(sensu Koltun 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Koltun" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FC06FB623214FDFF" box="[985,1148,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FB50FB6232B8FDFF" box="[1167,1232,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Koltun 1959)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FDABFABA3586FC14" authority="Hentschel (1914)" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[628,1006,1284,1310]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FDABFABA3570FC17" box="[628,792,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF137EFF99FCFEFABA3586FC14" author="Hentschel, E." box="[801,1006,1284,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref35580" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornshwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 15 (Zool. 7), 35 - 141 pls 4 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1914">Hentschel (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D137EFF99FB63FABA37A1FC4C" authority="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityName="Kirkpatrick. We" authorityYear="1908" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C137EFF99FB63FABA3342FC17" box="[1212,1322,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
Kirkpatrick. We
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consider that the morphology and ornamentation of the discorhabd is stable within any given sample and justifies species distinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |