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<document id="9D01C902CE366324A56772C915DC6F03" ID-CLB-Dataset="31902" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e33ec7d-211b-4042-8d07-344364ee805d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1001915" ID-ZooBank="8226E27D-E3A9-481A-B51B-558643Bbb03A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507106636447" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tarasov, Sergei" docDate="2017" docId="03C187E1AE49B625DD9E47D8FA4F036C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parachorius fungorum Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FFF8FF99AE5DB630DD09474FFFDB0270" masterDocTitle="A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698469310636" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="75BFB9F2B46570FE03F3ED28791D9883">A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FCF43DD1CA05D9A7D901A5F8F7C108B">Tarasov, Sergei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CBF7CC0B7375ECD55C078B1F7405AB13">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C187E1AE49B625DD9E47D8FA4F036C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010816" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135106133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6010816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187E1AE49B625DD9E47D8FA4F036C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187E1AE49B625DD9E47D8FA4F036C" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DD9E47D8FEEF02A3" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DD9E47D8FC8002C2" blockId="20.[151,859,151,211]" box="[151,859,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="D09F819BAE49B624DD9E47D8FC8002C2" bold="true" box="[151,859,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DD9E47D8FC8002C2" ID-CoL="75NM4" authority="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev, 1966" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,859,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E47D8FC8002C2" bold="true" box="[151,859,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E47D8FE7502C1" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius fungorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE49B624DCBC47D7FC8002C2" author="Kryzhanovsky" box="[437,859,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kryzhanovsky, O. L. &amp; Medvedev, S. I. (1966) Dung beetles of the subfamily Coprinae in Yunnan province of South-Western China. Part 1. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Revue d'entomologie de l'URSS, 45, 387 - 400." type="journal article" year="1966">Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DD9E47F5FEEF02A3" blockId="20.[151,859,151,211]" box="[151,308,186,211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
(
<figureCitation id="13532A72AE49B624DD9647F5FF3502A3" box="[159,238,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,339,1320]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphology of Parachorius fungorum. (A – C, G) aedeagus, lateral view. (D) habitus (male). (E-F) left metafemur (male)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001935/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A72AE49B624DDF347F5FEF702A3" box="[250,300,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,273,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,273,1824]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 25. Distribution maps of Parachorius species. (A) Parachorius asymmetricus. (B) Parachorius bolavensis. (C) Parachorius fukiensis. (D) Parachorius fungorum. (E) Parachorius globosus. (F) Parachorius gotoi. Type locality — type locality of species (holotype or lectotype); Type. Collection data — localities of type specimens associated with species (paratypes or paralectotypes); Collection data — localities of other specimens examined in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1001967/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">25D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DD9E464DFC580347" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DD9E464DFCCF0368" blockId="20.[151,899,258,311]" box="[151,788,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811D9AE49B624DD9E464DFCCF0368" box="[151,788,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DD9E464DFCCF0368" ID-CoL="75NM4" authority="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev, 1966: 394" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityPageNumber="394" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,788,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E464DFEA40368" box="[151,383,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius fungorum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E6AE49B624DC8D464DFCCF0368" author="Kryzhanovsky" box="[388,788,258,280]" page="394" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE49B624DC8D464DFD3E0368" author="Kryzhanovsky" box="[388,741,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kryzhanovsky, O. L. &amp; Medvedev, S. I. (1966) Dung beetles of the subfamily Coprinae in Yunnan province of South-Western China. Part 1. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Revue d'entomologie de l'URSS, 45, 387 - 400." type="journal article" year="1966">Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 394
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DD9E466EFC580347" blockId="20.[151,899,258,311]" box="[151,899,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811D9AE49B624DD9E466EFC580347" box="[151,899,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DD9E466EFD160347" ID-CoL="75NM6" authority="Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto, 2001: 125" authorityName="Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,717,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krali">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E466EFE970347" box="[151,332,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius krali</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910E6AE49B624DC5B466EFD160347" author="Utsunomiya" box="[338,717,289,311]" page="125" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE49B624DC5B466EFD450347" author="Utsunomiya" box="[338,670,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Utsunomiya, Y. &amp; Masumoto, K. (2001) A new Parachorius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dichotomini) from Yunnan. Elytra, 29, 125 - 127." type="journal article" year="2001">Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 125
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFD5466EFCA00346" bold="true" box="[732,891,289,310]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">new synonymy</emphasis>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DD9E462BFD7703D0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DD9E462BFD7703D0" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CAAAE49B624DD9E462BFB3C030C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1658411514" box="[151,1255,356,381]" country="China" elevation="1900" location="Daweishan" municipality="Binbjan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E462BFEE3030D" bold="true" box="[151,312,356,381]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<typeStatus id="54D38855AE49B624DD9E462BFF09030D" box="[151,210,356,381]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE49B624DC48462AFE41030C" box="[321,410,357,380]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB7602CAE49B624DCAE462BFDFD030D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187E1AE49B625DD9E47D8FA4F036C:8EB7602CAE49B624DCAE462BFDFD030D" box="[423,550,356,381]" country="China" municipality="Binbjan" name="Daweishan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan</location>
,
<elevation id="0045D1C4AE49B624DF3D462BFD56030C" box="[564,653,356,380]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<quantity id="4C909B12AE49B624DF3D462BFD56030C" box="[564,653,356,380]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, vicinity of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC8DAE49B624DE12462BFCAC030D" box="[795,887,356,381]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Binbjan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE8C462BFC13030D" box="[901,968,356,381]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DED3462BFB07030C" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[986,1244,356,381]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DED3462BFB07030C" box="[986,1244,356,381]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CAAAE49B624D9FE462AFD7703D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1658411500" country="China" elevation="1900" location="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE49B624D9FE462AFA97030C" box="[1271,1356,357,380]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
<elevation id="0045D1C4AE49B624D85C462BFF3503EF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">
<quantity id="4C909B12AE49B624D85C462BFF3503EF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800– 2000 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, Yipinslang.
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DC8846C8FE1F03D0" box="[385,452,391,416]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DCDD46C8FD4703D0" authorityName="Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2001" box="[468,668,391,416]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krali">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DCDD46C8FD4703D0" box="[468,668,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius krali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DDCE46E3FC6406E5" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE46E3FB9303B5" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1096,428,453]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE46E3FEBB03B5" bold="true" box="[199,352,428,453]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DCDA46E3FDCD03B5" box="[467,534,428,453]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
(Kuatun,
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE49B624DF8E46E3FD3A03B4" box="[647,737,428,452]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DFFD46E2FCB803B5" box="[756,867,429,453]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE6746E2FC7C03B4" box="[878,935,429,452]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Laos</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DEE846E3FB9F03B5" box="[993,1092,428,453]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4680FED10094" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE4680FE460398" bold="true" box="[199,413,463,488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DFF0469EFC530398" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[761,904,464,488]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFF0469EFC530398" box="[761,904,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on two females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B06AE49B624D9DA4680FE89007D" author="Kryzhanovsky" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kryzhanovsky, O. L. &amp; Medvedev, S. I. (1966) Dung beetles of the subfamily Coprinae in Yunnan province of South-Western China. Part 1. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Revue d'entomologie de l'URSS, 45, 387 - 400." type="journal article" year="1966">Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev 1966</bibRefCitation>
). The publication mentions that all primary types of the described species were deposited in the Institute of Zoology in Beijing, while paratypes were shared between both Institute of Zoology in Beijing and the Zoological Institute in St.-Petersburg. Any specific information about the deposition of paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624D9F04572FA590024" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[1273,1410,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D9F04572FA590024" box="[1273,1410,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is lacking in that paper. The paratype could not be located in the Zoological Institute in St.-Petersburg, and it was not possible to check the collection in Beijing due to the lack of access. Nevertheless, I consider the identity of the specimens examined here with the types of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF9645E6FCF700B0" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[671,812,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF9645E6FCF700B0" box="[671,812,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
certain and provide arguments below to support this statement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE45A0FE3B0104" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
Given that the
<typeStatus id="54D38855AE49B624DC7E45BFFE7C0178" box="[375,423,752,776]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF1645BEFD700178" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[543,683,752,776]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF1645BEFD700178" box="[543,683,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only includes females the set of characters listed in the original description is uninformative since females of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF92445AFCFF015C" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[667,804,788,812]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF92445AFCFF015C" box="[667,804,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not distinguishable from those of its closest relative
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DD9E4476FEC20120" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,281,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E4476FEC20120" box="[151,281,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the same time, males and females of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DFE44476FCB40120" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[749,879,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFE44476FCB40120" box="[749,879,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DEAE4476FBEB0120" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[935,1072,824,848]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DEAE4476FBEB0120" box="[935,1072,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DC444413FE020105" box="[333,473,860,885]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC444413FE020105" box="[333,473,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4430FC85063C" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
The studied material suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF5D44CEFD0501E8" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[596,734,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF5D44CEFD0501E8" box="[596,734,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in southern
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DEC84430FBDC01E8" box="[961,1031,895,920]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
, Indochina, and
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624D9CC44CFFAEF01E8" box="[1221,1332,896,920]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, while
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624D88E44CEFF2501CD" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D88E44CEFF2501CD" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to populate more western areas - northeast
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE3944EBFCB701CD" box="[816,876,932,957]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE7144EAFC3C01CD" box="[888,999,933,957]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, and western Indochina. Although, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DC374486FE1A0190" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[318,449,967,992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC374486FE1A0190" box="[318,449,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DCF14486FD5A0190" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[504,641,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DCF14486FD5A0190" box="[504,641,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps in
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE054487FCA00190" box="[780,891,968,992]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DE8F4488FC370190" box="[902,1004,967,992]" name="Thailand" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624D92E4487FBBB01AF" box="[1063,1120,968,991]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Laos</collectingCountry>
, only
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624D9AC4486FAF50190" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[1189,1326,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D9AC4486FAF50190" box="[1189,1326,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in southern
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DDF644A3FE9D0675" box="[255,326,1004,1029]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
. Based on the fact that only one species of this pair is found in southern
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624D97044A3FB640675" box="[1145,1215,1004,1029]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
, I conclude that the examined specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624DCCF4340FDD20658" box="[454,521,1039,1064]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
are conspecific with the
<typeStatus id="54D38855AE49B624DE2D435EFC840659" box="[804,863,1041,1065]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DE8C435EFBD40658" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[901,1039,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DE8C435EFBD40658" box="[901,1039,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, I synonymize
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624D80D435EFA500658" authorityName="Hanboonsong &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2001" box="[1284,1419,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lannathai">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D80D435EFA500658" box="[1284,1419,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. lannathai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- the recently described species from
<collectingRegion id="49ACF815AE49B624DF20437AFDA4063C" box="[553,639,1077,1100]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
- with
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DFC7437AFC8C063C" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[718,855,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFC7437AFC8C063C" box="[718,855,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4318FC6406E5" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
Additionally, another species,
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF164316FD430600" box="[543,664,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF164316FD4F0600" authorityName="Arrow M. E. Bacchus" authorityYear="1931" box="[543,660,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">P. hookeri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
known only from the
<typeStatus id="54D38855AE49B624DE904318FC200600" box="[921,1019,1111,1136]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collected in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F37F7667AE49B624D82A4318FA840600" box="[1315,1375,1111,1136]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">India</collectingCountry>
, may be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DC7E4332FDDB06E4" authorityName="Kryzhanovsky &amp; Medvedev" authorityYear="1966" box="[375,512,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fungorum">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC7E4332FDDB06E4" box="[375,512,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. fungorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for details, see
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DFB34332FCF106E5" authorityName="Arrow M. E. Bacchus" authorityYear="1931" box="[698,810,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFB34332FCF106E5" box="[698,810,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DDCE43D0FCE40755" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE43D0FCE40755" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE43D0FE9A06C8" bold="true" box="[199,321,1183,1208]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF9443EEFCFB06C8" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[669,800,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF9443EEFCFB06C8" box="[669,800,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DE5E43EEFC1306C8" authorityName="Arrow M. E. Bacchus" authorityYear="1931" box="[855,968,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DE5E43EEFC1306C8" box="[855,968,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">P. hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from them and other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DD9E438BFEF806AD" box="[151,291,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DD9E438BFEF806AD" box="[151,291,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following combination of characters: (1) parameres simple, their apices widely rounded and inferiorly angulate, (2) metafemoral posterior margin serrate (sometimes slightly), and (3) shape of metafemoral posterior margin varies from simple, not modified to dilated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B624DDCE4260FB7C056D" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4260FBA50738" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1150,1327,1352]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE4260FE820738" bold="true" box="[199,345,1327,1352]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC564260FE440738" box="[351,415,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Body.</emphasis>
Body black, length 6.5–9.0 mm. Elytra uniformly colored, black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE421BFB7A071D" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1185,1364,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE421BFED0071D" box="[199,267,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Head.</emphasis>
Clypeus with two indistinct teeth, outer margin of each tooth not notched basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4236FB7607C5" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE4236FEE607E0" box="[199,317,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Pronotum rounded laterally. Frontal angles rounded. Disc covered with punctures separated by 0.5– 2.0 puncture diameter(s). Pronotum in anterior-posterior direction notably shorter than elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE42F0FD1B07A8" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,704,1471,1496]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE42F0FECE07A8" box="[199,277,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Elytra.</emphasis>
Elytra covered with sparse punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE42AAFD94078D" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,591,1508,1533]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE42AAFEC9078C" box="[199,274,1509,1532]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Wings.</emphasis>
Wings normally developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE4146FB1304A5" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE4146FED80450" box="[199,259,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Legs.</emphasis>
Profemur with anterior margin medially produced in angle or with almost straight or sinuate anterior margin. Protibia with apical spur approximately reaching middle of protarsomere 3. First tooth almost not modified in males, approximately as wide as second tooth; first and second teeth distinctly separated from each other; first tooth normal, distinctly separated from denticles located between first and second teeth. Metafemoral posterior margin serrate (sometimes slightly), simple, not modified or dilated in apical third of metafemur and produced in angle. Metatibia slightly sinuate, inner margin not denticulate, produced in small angle apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE41AEFB1F0488" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1220,1759,1784]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE41AEFEB90488" box="[199,354,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Metasternum.</emphasis>
Transverse basal ridge of metasternum long, at least 1/5 of mesocoxa length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B624DDCE404BFB7C056D" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1191,1796,1821]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE404BFEE0056D" box="[199,315,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
Parameres symmetrical, simple, apex widely rounded and inferiorly angulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372657CAE49B625DDCE4068FA4F036C" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD736F7AE49B625DDCE4068FA4F036C" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,2037]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DDCE4068FCC30530" bold="true" box="[199,792,1831,1856]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
Material examined. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624DF454068FCC30530" authorityName="Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2001" box="[588,792,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krali">
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DF454068FCC30530" bold="true" box="[588,792,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Parachorius krali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DE214068FCAA0530" bold="true" box="[808,881,1831,1856]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DE894068FC610530" bold="true" box="[896,954,1831,1856]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">male</emphasis>
, &quot;Holotype
<taxonomicName id="4C684D74AE49B624D94D4068FA480530" authority="Uts. &amp; Mas." authorityName="Utsunomiya &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2001" box="[1092,1427,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parachorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krali">Parachorius krali Uts. &amp; Mas.</taxonomicName>
/ Coll. Masumoto 2000/Yunnan
<quantity id="4C909B12AE49B624DCFE4003FD5C0514" box="[503,647,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800-2000m</quantity>
25.04N 101.555E Yipinslang 17-
<date id="FFD61037AE49B624D90D4003FBA20515" box="[1028,1145,1868,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="1994-06-20">20.6.1994</date>
Vit Kuban leg.&quot;, 25°4'N, 101°55'E (NSMT).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC714020FE1205F8" bold="true" box="[376,457,1903,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">1 male</emphasis>
, Kuatun, Fukien (Tschung Sen.), 27°40'N, 117°40'E, on
<date id="FFD61037AE49B624D9514020FB1205F8" box="[1112,1225,1903,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="1946-05-11">11/v/1946</date>
(NMPC).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D84D4020FA4F05F8" bold="true" box="[1348,1428,1903,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">1 male</emphasis>
, Yunnan Province (NMPC).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DCDE40DBFDF205DD" bold="true" box="[471,553,1940,1965]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">1 male</emphasis>
, southern China, Yunnan Province, Vallis flimin, Soling-ho, B.M. 1931-358 (NMPC).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DC0240F7FEBC05A1" bold="true" box="[267,359,1976,2001]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">2 males</emphasis>
, Sichuan Province, Xichang environs,
<quantity id="4C909B12AE49B624DE2640F7FC5105A0" box="[815,906,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
, on
<date id="FFD61037AE49B624DEC840F7FBEF05A1" box="[961,1076,1976,2001]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="2002-07-01">1/vii/2002</date>
(A. Gorodinski) (OUMNH).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624D88740F7FF0A0585" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">1 male</emphasis>
, Ynnan, Recu de Lou-Nan, on 1931 (MNHN).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE49B624DFE54093FC9D0585" bold="true" box="[748,838,2012,2037]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">2 males</emphasis>
, Yunnan, Baoshan City environs,
<quantity id="4C909B12AE49B624D9C34093FAF90584" box="[1226,1314,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, on
<date id="FFD61037AE49B625D85A4093FF1402C0" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="1998-07-10">10/vii/ 1998</date>
(A. Gorodinski) (ZIN).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DCE147D8FDF902C0" bold="true" box="[488,546,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Laos</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DF3A47D8FD5E02C0" bold="true" box="[563,645,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">1 male</emphasis>
, Xieng Khouang, Phonsavan, Nong Pet, 19°34.657'N, 103°23.313'E,
<quantity id="4C909B12AE48B625DD9E47F3FF2B02A4" box="[151,240,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, disturb montane forest, on
<date id="FFD61037AE48B625DF3F47F3FD1702A5" box="[566,716,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="2008-08-01" valueMax="2008-08-03" valueMin="2008-08-01">1–3/viii/2008</date>
(S. Tarasov) (CST).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DEC847F3FBE202A5" bold="true" box="[961,1081,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Myanmar</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625D94347F3FB4102A5" bold="true" box="[1098,1178,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">1 male</emphasis>
, Carin Cheba, L. Fea,
<quantity id="4C909B12AE48B625DD9E47AFFEFE0287" box="[151,293,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1100 m</quantity>
, on
<date id="FFD61037AE48B625DC5D4790FE6C0288" box="[340,439,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="1988-10-05">5/x/1988</date>
(MNHN).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DF3C4790FD410288" bold="true" box="[565,666,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Vietnam</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DFA34790FD220288" bold="true" box="[682,761,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">1 male</emphasis>
, Hoa-Binh, Tonkin (MNHN).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625D9594790FB440288" bold="true" box="[1104,1183,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">1 male</emphasis>
, Tam Dao, rotten fish,
<quantity id="4C909B12AE48B625DD9E464BFF3B036C" box="[151,224,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, on
<date id="FFD61037AE48B625DC07464BFEA1036D" box="[270,378,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="1963-09-02">2/ix/1963</date>
(O. Kabakov) (ZIN).
<emphasis id="B91CEAE5AE48B625DF78464BFD1B036D" bold="true" box="[625,704,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">1 male</emphasis>
, Tonkin Hoa-Binh, 20°49.7'N, 105°20'E (J. Clermont) (NMPC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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