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<document id="58663D669C8CCD408F5F7E576FEC4B0B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7710103" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678329528814" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian &amp; Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="DD62E7662A6D7255FF36C10DFE27FEA0" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.0969.158.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (969)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Arteurotia artistella Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="215B9F1E2A4B727CFFF6C32BFFE3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699461751711" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="0F046963DFE27CC559F30F096BFE9BDE">Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B434E9A7E876ACB888FC1A1B153388A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0DA7B433C424728823E2DF02AAA4D816">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42D71B82212EE07CC118350925AE208A">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E4A3E5EE4CFA5939EC9A920B07209BD">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B8AE16F83C1AF302CBAA02C7816A1E0A">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4EF28F3D3446F982C64D3B517E4EAAC8">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A92BD7FE83DABA7C5C6108FCCC42C73A">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B232A9752B9469877C11FFA5C59A5259">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CB52FDC727D49D681D03E7428B1B2092">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="2099B097EB535B34D11311A8E9978076">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A1294489CDF615EB32FCA52DC3037564" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7710103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4535D071956CF0B1AC33D2966C295CED" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DD62E7662A6D7255FF36C10DFE27FEA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A6D7255FF36C10DFE27FEA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD62E7662A6D7255FF36C10DFE27FEA0" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6D725AFF36C10DFC46FDD6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C10DFD2AFDF0" blockId="38.[192,933,549,646]" box="[192,713,549,578]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="0E3CE11C2A6D725AFF36C10DFD2AFDF0" box="[192,713,549,578]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" reason="2">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFF36C10DFD2AFDF0" bold="true" box="[192,713,549,578]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFF36C10DFDCAFDF0" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,553,549,578]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFF36C10DFE5EFDF0" bold="true" box="[192,445,549,578]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Arteurotia artistella</emphasis>
Grishin
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6D725AFDC2C10DFD2AFDF0" box="[564,713,549,578]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C162FC46FDD6" blockId="38.[192,933,549,646]" box="[192,933,585,612]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
https://zoobank.org/
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6D725AFF36C140FE13FD37" box="[192,496,619,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C140FE13FD37" blockId="38.[192,933,549,646]" box="[192,496,619,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFF3EC140FEF6FD34" box="[200,277,619,646]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="38.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,1647,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-489@38.[192,1440,1645,1798]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 35. Trees of Arteurotia constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: A. artistella sp. n. (red), A. tractipennis tractipennis (blue), and A. tractipennis contractipennis (green). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710184/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
part, 36, 37ac, 38)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6D725AFF36C1BEFB2AFAE9" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C1BEFDA7FA80" blockId="38.[191,1441,661,1330]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFF36C1BEFE12FD1D" bold="true" box="[192,497,661,687]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
Inspection of phylogenetic trees constructed from protein-coding regions in the nuclear genome reveals that specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFCFDC19CFF14FD41" authority="A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872" authorityName="A. Butler and H. Druce" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tractipennis" subSpecies="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFCFDC19CFB6DFD63" box="[779,1166,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Arteurotia tractipennis tractipennis</emphasis>
A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872
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(
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6D725AFEF0C1F2FEDBFD41" box="[262,312,729,755]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6D725AFE4FC1F2FDD6FD41" box="[441,565,729,755]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
) from the northern parts of its range form a separate and strongly supported clade (e.g., Z chromosome tree,
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFDDEC1D1FD63FCA7" box="[552,640,762,789]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="38.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,1647,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-489@38.[192,1440,1645,1798]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 35. Trees of Arteurotia constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: A. artistella sp. n. (red), A. tractipennis tractipennis (blue), and A. tractipennis contractipennis (green). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710184/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 35a</figureCitation>
red) sister to a strongly supported clade of all others (
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFB29C1D1FADAFCA7" box="[1247,1337,762,789]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="38.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,1647,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-489@38.[192,1440,1645,1798]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 35. Trees of Arteurotia constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: A. artistella sp. n. (red), A. tractipennis tractipennis (blue), and A. tractipennis contractipennis (green). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710184/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 35a</figureCitation>
blue and green).
<subScript id="C94F54352A6D725AFEE0C036FECCFC84" attach="left" box="[278,303,797,823]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fst</subScript>
/
<subScript id="C94F54352A6D725AFECEC037FE84FC84" attach="left" box="[312,359,796,822]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Gmin</subScript>
statistics for the comparison of the two taxa are 0.40/0.003 suggest that the red clade is a distinct species. Curiously, in mitochondrial genome (
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFD35C015FCC2FCEB" box="[707,801,830,857]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="38.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,1647,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-489@38.[192,1440,1645,1798]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 35. Trees of Arteurotia constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: A. artistella sp. n. (red), A. tractipennis tractipennis (blue), and A. tractipennis contractipennis (green). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710184/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 35b</figureCitation>
), this new species is sister to the nominotypical
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFACBC015FEE4FCC8" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFACBC015FEE4FCC8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
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from Central America, and the South American subspecies
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFC56C04BFE6AFC2E" authority="Mabille and Boullet, 1916" authorityName="Mabille and Boullet" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tractipennis" subSpecies="contractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFC56C04BFAA6FCC8" box="[928,1349,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Arteurotia tractipennis contractipennis</emphasis>
Mabille and Boullet, 1916
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6D725AFE6CC0A9FE2FFC2E" box="[410,460,898,924]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6D725AFDA6C0A9FD27FC2E" box="[592,708,898,924]" name="Venezuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
) is sister to them both. This incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is likely caused by mitochondrial introgression at some point in the past, because
<subScript id="C94F54352A6D725AFA70C08FFA43FC0C" attach="left" box="[1414,1440,932,958]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fst</subScript>
between
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFED2C0EDFE39FC6D" box="[292,474,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
A. t.
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFEAFC0EDFE39FC6D" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[345,474,966,991]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">tractipennis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFDE7C0EDFD0EFC6D" box="[529,749,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. t. contractipennis</emphasis>
computed on the Z chromosome is low (0.13) suggesting that they are conspecific. Therefore,the COI barcodes of the new species are more similar to the barcodes of the nominotypical
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFED8C722FE2DFB91" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[302,462,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFED8C722FE2DFB91" box="[302,462,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0.8%, 5 bp) than to the barcodes of
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFC95C722FBDEFB91" box="[867,1085,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. t. contractipennis</emphasis>
(1.2%, 8 bp). The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFED8C700FE2EFBF7" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[302,461,1067,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFED8C700FE2EFBF7" box="[302,461,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFE2DC700FDAEFBF7" box="[475,589,1067,1093]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="39.[192,268,1699,1725]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,1296,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-40@39.[192,1440,1296,1670]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 37. Two species of Arteurotia, iNaturalist observations. ac) A. artistella sp. n. a) 29447636 Mexico: San Luis Potosí, Aquismón, 16-Jul-2019 © Carlos G Velazco-Macias. b) 65660684 Mexico: Guanajuato, Victoria, Rancho Viejo, 8-Nov-2020 © Ma. Eugenia Mendiola González. c) 9615777 USA: Texas, Hidalgo Co, Mission, 3-Nov-2010 © upupamartin. de) A. tractipennis. d) 43115536 Honduras: Francisco Morazán, Santa Ana, 24- Apr-2020 © John van Dort. e) 69372846 Colombia: Sucre, San Benito Abad, 6-Sep-2017 © Jeir Ortega Galvan. Some images are color-corrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710188/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 37d, e</figureCitation>
) and differs from it by the apical hyaline forewing spots being closer together, in particular, the spot in the cell R
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-R
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is typically closer to the spot in the cell R
<subScript id="C94F54352A6D725AFBC9C772FBA4FBD5" attach="right" box="[1087,1095,1113,1127]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">4</subScript>
-R
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in
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the new species (
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFABAC766FA7FFBD5" box="[1356,1436,1101,1127]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="39.[192,268,1183,1209]" captionTargetBox="[205,1428,221,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-11@39.[192,1440,213,1160]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 36. The type series of Arteurotia artistella sp. n. a) holotype ♂ NVG-5485, b) paratype ♂ NVG-18059D02, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710186/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFF37C744FEE7FB3B" box="[193,260,1135,1161]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="39.[192,268,1699,1725]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,1296,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-40@39.[192,1440,1296,1670]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 37. Two species of Arteurotia, iNaturalist observations. ac) A. artistella sp. n. a) 29447636 Mexico: San Luis Potosí, Aquismón, 16-Jul-2019 © Carlos G Velazco-Macias. b) 65660684 Mexico: Guanajuato, Victoria, Rancho Viejo, 8-Nov-2020 © Ma. Eugenia Mendiola González. c) 9615777 USA: Texas, Hidalgo Co, Mission, 3-Nov-2010 © upupamartin. de) A. tractipennis. d) 43115536 Honduras: Francisco Morazán, Santa Ana, 24- Apr-2020 © John van Dort. e) 69372846 Colombia: Sucre, San Benito Abad, 6-Sep-2017 © Jeir Ortega Galvan. Some images are color-corrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710188/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">37ac</figureCitation>
) than in
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFE84C744FDF6FB3A" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[370,533,1135,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFE84C744FDF6FB3A" box="[370,533,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the apical black patch is usually smaller, and the hindwing androconial patch comes closer to the wing outer margin; long prong (from the ampulla) of the left valva (asymmetric genitalia) is longer and more gracile (
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6D725AFE22C799FDC7FB7E" box="[468,548,1202,1228]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="40.[193,269,1240,1266]" captionTargetBox="[201,1431,245,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-299@40.[192,1440,239,1189]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 38. Genitalia of Arteurotia artistella sp. n. holotype (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) left ventrolateral, c) left posterolateral, d) ventral, and e) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710190/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). Due to individual variation, this new species is best diagnosed by DNA. A combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in nuclear genome: aly1313.21.3:A339G, aly1603.80.1:T144A, aly1603.29.3:C411T, aly770.4.1:A1470G, and aly925.19.1:C24T, and COI barcode: A34G, A302G, C421C(not T), C505C(not T), and A628A(not G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C669FB2AFAE9" blockId="38.[192,1225,1345,1372]" box="[192,1225,1345,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFF36C669FDADFAEE" bold="true" box="[192,590,1345,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
Barcode sequence of the
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6D725AFE16C669FDAAFAEE" box="[480,585,1346,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Sample NVG-5485, GenBank OP762110, 658 base pairs:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6D725AFF36C642FDB8F983" box="[192,1440,1385,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C642FDB8F983" blockId="38.[192,1440,1385,1585]" box="[192,1440,1385,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">TACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGATCAGGGATAGTAGGAACATCTTTAAGTATACTTATTCGATCAGAATTAGGAATACCTGGATC TTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATCGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATCATAATTGG AGGATTCGGAAATTGATTAGTACCCCTTATATTAGGAGCACCTGATATAGCTTTTCCCCGAATAAATAACATAAGATTTTGACTTTTAC CTCCTTCTTTAATATTATTAATTTCAAGAAGTGTTGTAGAAAATGGTGCTGGAACAGGTTGAACTGTTTATCCCCCCCTTTCAGCTAA TATTGCTCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTAGATTTAACTATTTTTTCCCTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCCTCTATTTTAGGGGCAATTAATTTTA TTACAACTATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTCTATTCGTATGAGCTGTAGGTATTACTGCTTTACTTTTA TTATTATCTTTACCCGTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATTACCATATTATTAACTGATCGTAATTTAAACACATCTTTTTTTGATCCAGCTGGAGGA GGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="01B406F82A6D725AFF36C402FB37F834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710184/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" startId="38.[192,268,1833,1859]" targetBox="[195,1438,1647,1794]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="557456702A6D725AFF36C402FB37F834" blockId="38.[192,1440,1832,1927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFF36C402FED5F8F1" bold="true" box="[192,310,1833,1859]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Figure 35.</emphasis>
Trees of
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFE68C402FDF2F8F1" authorityName="Butler &amp; H.Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[414,529,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFE68C402FDF2F8F1" box="[414,529,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Arteurotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constructed from protein-coding regions in
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFBFFC403FBFCF8F0" bold="true" box="[1033,1055,1832,1858]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">a)</emphasis>
Z chromosome and
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFAFCC403FAC1F8F0" bold="true" box="[1290,1314,1832,1858]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">b)</emphasis>
mitochondrial genome:
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFE9EC460FE08F8D6" authority="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[360,491,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFE9EC460FE08F8D6" box="[360,491,1866,1893]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. artistella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFE00C460FDD4F8D7" bold="true" box="[502,567,1867,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6D725AFE00C460FDD4F8D7" box="[502,567,1867,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(red),
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFD7FC460FC5AF8D6" authorityName="A. Butler and H. Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[649,953,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tractipennis" subSpecies="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFD7FC460FC5AF8D6" box="[649,953,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue), and
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6D725AFBBDC460FA43F8D6" authorityName="Mabille and Boullet" authorityYear="1916" box="[1099,1440,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tractipennis" subSpecies="contractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6D725AFBBDC460FA43F8D6" box="[1099,1440,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A. tractipennis contractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01B406F82A6C725BFF36C7B4FD0FFB6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710186/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" startId="39.[192,268,1183,1209]" targetBox="[205,1428,221,1145]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="557456702A6C725BFF36C7B4FD0FFB6E" blockId="39.[191,1440,1183,1244]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFF36C7B4FED7FB08" bold="true" box="[192,308,1183,1210]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Figure 36.</emphasis>
The type series of
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6C725BFE0BC78BFD35FB08" authority="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[509,726,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFE0BC78BFD35FB08" box="[509,726,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Arteurotia artistella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6C725BFD2DC78BFCF4FB08" box="[731,791,1184,1210]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFD2DC78BFCF3FB08" bold="true" box="[731,784,1184,1210]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFCEBC7B4FCD7FB0B" bold="true" box="[797,820,1183,1209]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">a)</emphasis>
holotype ♂ NVG-5485,
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFBB7C7B4FBB9FB0B" bold="true" box="[1089,1114,1183,1209]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">b)</emphasis>
paratype ♂ NVG-18059D02, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01B406F82A6C725BFF36C588FED8F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710188/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" startId="39.[192,268,1699,1725]" targetBox="[192,1440,1296,1670]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="557456702A6C725BFF36C588FED8F835" blockId="39.[192,1443,1699,1927]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFF36C588FED5F90F" bold="true" box="[192,310,1699,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Figure 37.</emphasis>
Two species of
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6C725BFE1FC58FFDB8F90C" authorityName="Butler &amp; H.Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[489,603,1700,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFE1FC58FFDB8F90C" box="[489,603,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Arteurotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, iNaturalist observations.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFC75C588FC57F90F" bold="true" box="[899,948,1699,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">ac)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6C725BFC4CC58FFBD9F90F" authority="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[954,1082,1699,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFC4CC58FFBD9F90F" box="[954,1082,1699,1726]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">A. artistella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6C725BFBB4C58FFB9CF90C" box="[1090,1151,1700,1726]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFBB4C58FFB9AF90C" bold="true" box="[1090,1145,1700,1726]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFB70C588FB7EF90F" bold="true" box="[1158,1181,1699,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">a)</emphasis>
29447636 Mexico: San Luis Potosí, Aquismón, 16-Jul-2019 © Carlos G Velazco-Macias.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFC47C5EEFC2AF96D" bold="true" box="[945,969,1733,1759]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">b)</emphasis>
65660684 Mexico: Guanajuato, Victoria, Rancho Viejo, 8-Nov-2020 © Ma. Eugenia Mendiola González.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFC61C5CDFC4FF8B2" bold="true" box="[919,940,1766,1792]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c)</emphasis>
9615777 USA: Texas, Hidalgo Co, Mission, 3-Nov-2010 © upupamartin.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFDE6C423FDA0F890" bold="true" box="[528,579,1800,1826]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">de)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6C725BFDBCC422FD0FF890" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[586,748,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFDBCC422FD0FF890" box="[586,748,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFD0DC423FCF6F890" bold="true" box="[763,789,1800,1826]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">d)</emphasis>
43115536 Honduras: Francisco Morazán, Santa Ana, 24- Apr-2020 © John van Dort.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6C725BFDF6C402FDF5F8F1" bold="true" box="[512,534,1833,1859]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">e)</emphasis>
69372846 Colombia: Sucre, San Benito Abad, 6-Sep-2017 © Jeir Ortega Galvan. Some images are color-corrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01B406F82A637254FF37C7F3FCBBFAA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710190/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" startId="40.[193,269,1240,1266]" targetBox="[201,1431,245,1175]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="557456702A637254FF37C7F3FCBBFAA6" blockId="40.[193,1437,1240,1300]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF37C7F3FED4FB40" bold="true" box="[193,311,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Figure 38.</emphasis>
Genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FE3FC7F3FD40FB40" authority="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[457,675,1240,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FE3FC7F3FD40FB40" box="[457,675,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Arteurotia artistella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FD5CC7F3FD0AFB40" bold="true" box="[682,745,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A637254FD5CC7F3FD0AFB40" box="[682,745,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype (data in text) in different views.
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FB34C7F3FB3AFB40" bold="true" box="[1218,1241,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">a)</emphasis>
left lateral,
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FAA8C7F3FA95FB40" bold="true" box="[1374,1398,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">b)</emphasis>
left ventrolateral,
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FEACC7D2FE8CFAA1" bold="true" box="[346,367,1273,1299]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">c)</emphasis>
left posterolateral,
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FDB3C7D2FDBCFAA1" bold="true" box="[581,607,1273,1299]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">d)</emphasis>
ventral, and
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FD19C7D2FCE5FAA1" bold="true" box="[751,774,1273,1299]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">e)</emphasis>
dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A637254FF36C674FD00F926" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="557456702A637254FF36C674FAF1F9D7" blockId="40.[192,1442,1374,1637]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF36C674FE05FACB" bold="true" box="[192,486,1374,1401]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
Type material.
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A637254FE84C674FE02FACB" box="[370,481,1375,1401]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A637254FE18C64BFDE0FAC9" box="[494,515,1376,1403]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="male"></specimenCount>
deposited in the
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FD3CC674FCEBFACB" box="[714,776,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Texas</collectingRegion>
A&amp;M University Insect Collection, College Station,
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FAABC674FA7DFACB" box="[1373,1438,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FF36C6ABFF16FA28" box="[192,245,1408,1434]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FEF0C6ABFEBFFA28" box="[262,348,1408,1434]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;amp;M University" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
), illustrated in
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A637254FDFAC6ABFD8AFA28" box="[524,617,1408,1434]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="39.[192,268,1183,1209]" captionTargetBox="[205,1428,221,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-11@39.[192,1440,213,1160]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 36. The type series of Arteurotia artistella sp. n. a) holotype ♂ NVG-5485, b) paratype ♂ NVG-18059D02, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710186/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Fig. 36a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A637254FD81C6ABFD77FA28" box="[631,660,1408,1434]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="40.[193,269,1240,1266]" captionTargetBox="[201,1431,245,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-299@40.[192,1440,239,1189]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 38. Genitalia of Arteurotia artistella sp. n. holotype (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) left ventrolateral, c) left posterolateral, d) ventral, and e) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710190/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">38</figureCitation>
, bears the following eight rectangular labels, seven white: [
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FAB1C6ABFA6CFA28" box="[1351,1423,1408,1434]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">FIRST</collectionCode>
|
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FF36C689FE68FA0E" box="[192,395,1442,1468]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FE68C689FDEEFA0E" box="[414,525,1442,1468]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">RECORD</collectionCode>
], [
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FDCFC689FD72FA0E" box="[569,657,1442,1468]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
: |
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FD51C689FCF1FA0E" box="[679,786,1442,1468]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">HIDALGO</collectingRegion>
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FCEEC689FC9AFA0E" box="[792,889,1442,1468]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">COUNTY</collectionCode>
| city of Mission | 10
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A637254FBA9C689FB8EFA02" attach="left" box="[1119,1133,1442,1456]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">th</superScript>
Street at | irrigation ditch], [coll. |
<date id="217570B02A637254FEE3C6EFFE64FA6C" box="[277,391,1476,1502]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" value="1972-09-02">2-IX-1972</date>
| N. M. McGuire], [Allyn Museum photo | No. 051079-7-8], [
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FBA9C6EFFAECFA6C" box="[1119,1295,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">HESPERIIDAE</taxonomicName>
, | Pyrginae: |
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FF37C6CEFE20FA4D" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[193,451,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">Arteurotia tractipennis</taxonomicName>
| tractipennis | Butler &amp; H. Druce, 1872 |
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A637254FC64C6CCFC44F9B0" box="[914,935,1511,1538]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="male"></specimenCount>
det.
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FC2BC6CEFC11FA4D" box="[989,1010,1509,1535]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">R</collectionCode>
.O. Kendall | M. &amp; B. No. 62.5], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-5485 | c/o Nick
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FDA2C523FD84F990" box="[596,615,1544,1570]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Grishin], [genitalia | NVG160110-26 | Nick
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FB89C523FB71F990" box="[1151,1170,1544,1570]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Grishin], and one red [
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A637254FF27C502FE81F9F1" box="[209,354,1577,1603]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A637254FE9FC501FE9DF9F7" box="[361,382,1578,1605]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="male"></specimenCount>
|
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FE65C502FDEAF9F1" authorityName="Butler &amp; H.Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[403,521,1577,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arteurotia</taxonomicName>
|
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FDE9C502FD3FF9F1" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[543,732,1577,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artistella">artistella Grishin</taxonomicName>
].
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FD0CC502FC8AF9F1" bold="true" box="[762,873,1577,1603]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A637254FD0CC502FC87F9F1" box="[762,868,1577,1603]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A637254FC86C502FC71F9F7" box="[880,914,1577,1605]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FC6FC502FC0FF9F1" box="[921,1004,1577,1603]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FC0CC502FB9FF9F1" box="[1018,1148,1577,1603]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
, Ciudad Victoria, Rio San Marcos, ca
<quantity id="9233FB952A637254FEC8C560FE6EF9D6" box="[318,397,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" unit="ft" value="1000.0">1000 ft</quantity>
, GPS
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A637254FE39C561FDCBF9D6" box="[463,552,1610,1636]" degrees="23.9167" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="23.9167">23.9167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A637254FDC5C560FD7FF9D7" box="[563,668,1611,1637]" degrees="98.8833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-98.8833">98.8833</geoCoordinate>
, J. Kemner leg.,
<date id="217570B02A637254FCB9C560FC33F9D7" box="[847,976,1611,1637]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" value="1992-06-04">4-Jun-1992</date>
, NVG-18059D02, in
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A637254FB4AC560FAEDF9D7" box="[1212,1294,1611,1637]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="557456702A637254FF36C551FD00F926" blockId="40.[192,739,1657,1684]" box="[192,739,1657,1684]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF36C551FEB8F921" bold="true" box="[192,347,1657,1684]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A637254FF36C551FF1AF926" box="[192,249,1658,1684]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FE97C551FE7AF926" box="[353,409,1658,1684]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FE55C551FE07F926" box="[419,484,1658,1684]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Texas</collectingRegion>
, Hidalgo Co., Mission.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A637254FF36C582FDA4F8A1" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="557456702A637254FF36C582FBACF956" blockId="40.[192,1441,1705,1765]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF36C582FEA7F971" bold="true" box="[192,324,1705,1731]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is for the dense cluster of spots at the forewing apex, from Latin artus for narrow, close, fitted, confined, dense and stella star. The name is a feminine noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="557456702A637254FF36C5D2FDA4F8A1" blockId="40.[192,583,1785,1812]" box="[192,583,1785,1812]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF36C5D2FE85F8A6" bold="true" box="[192,358,1785,1812]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">English name.</emphasis>
Artistarred skipper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A637255FF36C403FE27FEA0" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="557456702A637255FF36C403FE27FEA0" blockId="40.[192,1440,1832,1927]" lastBlockId="41.[192,1440,214,274]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FF36C403FEBDF8F0" bold="true" box="[192,350,1832,1858]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
Presently known from South Texas and
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FCCBC403FC76F8F0" box="[829,917,1832,1858]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A637254FC54C403FBCBF8F0" box="[930,1064,1832,1858]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
. Notably,
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FB6BC403FAC2F8F0" box="[1181,1313,1832,1858]" name="El Salvador" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FAA8C402FF11F8D6" name="Costa Rica" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
are inhabited by a different species,
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A637254FD65C460FCDBF8D6" authorityName="Butler &amp; Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[659,824,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Arteurotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tractipennis">
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A637254FD65C460FCDBF8D6" box="[659,824,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">A. tractipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is unknown if the two species are sympatric. However, this geographical boundary somewhere in southern
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FCA4C447FC45F834" box="[850,934,1900,1926]" name="Mexico" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A637254FC3BC447FBA8F834" box="[973,1099,1900,1926]" name="Guatemala" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, is not the typical suture zone in
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A627255FF17C3FDFEDFFF42" box="[225,316,214,240]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Panama</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A627255FE9EC3FDFE3AFF42" box="[360,473,214,240]" name="Colombia" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Colombia</collectingCountry>
that separates the faunas of North and South Americas that we see in other cases discussed in this work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>