647 lines
72 KiB
XML
647 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="03D3FB63A4D2366084E11006B5E06CF7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7710103" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678329528814" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="DD62E7662A607253FF36C678FA8BFAC9" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.0969.1–58.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (969)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hesperia balcones Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="215B9F1E2A4B727CFFF6C32BFFE3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1699461751711" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C16E6715FB2E699E9AC35B79A0829143">
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<mods:title id="676877E5BE829D4175FC2F991820A492">Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="17793EBFE6533BC15412E529EFDE16CB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C72289109625F6A168440762B72F4A25">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A57E57489AD82F2E80A99838F57EC50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E8C95A34C60395E3D16E0D4CC7F562E">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="186C1CE6CF54D958E78F7B6632E3BFED">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B3F0BB67CB8552BA16FB7C7949D19191">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BB2B0723C233E8CB7BAC016FDFB88195">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A165954FA72D09527B016AC4FF4550F">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C026A3C1AAB66B08148D7237433D6604">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="190997E6A49FB36F73D5BAB6A0C1809A">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="396A488536E6AA2588BBB51456E0C959">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C08273BFD6E44FE8B1284444C083DD22">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A9B458B966198CB99378A64922E38BD2">
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<mods:date id="79BE7217871F01B94A3562ED9765F65C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72BF500CB13FDDC7634444CA037D99E3">2023-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4AA94657D825426C8509B556924BEA50" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="361FDC99F3919A417E46E77879BD76EE">2023</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="85AC71082094BDA135A8CD92ACBEC469" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7B807FC3080A5B171B760A55797A0C27">969</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ED8D56F8FAED5C42A54BF87CBCEDA956">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="B01C78CD9838058B7ACC1B62C8B87DC5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="875910AB692296F761AC98380F36F3CB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7710103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F776DD0D48CFACB5794AA300A36D4859" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A607257FF36C678FC49FA23" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="557456702A607257FF36C678FD4CFADD" blockId="43.[192,938,1362,1425]" box="[192,687,1362,1391]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="0E3CE11C2A607257FF36C678FD4CFADD" box="[192,687,1362,1391]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FF36C678FD4CFADD" bold="true" box="[192,687,1362,1391]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A607257FF36C678FDEDFADD" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,526,1362,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FF36C678FE41FADD" bold="true" box="[192,418,1362,1391]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Hesperia balcones</emphasis>
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Grishin
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A607257FDECC678FD4CFADD" box="[538,687,1362,1391]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="557456702A607257FF36C65DFC49FA23" blockId="43.[192,938,1362,1425]" box="[192,938,1398,1425]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
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https://zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="216D6CA52A607257FE56C65DFC49FA23" box="[416,938,1398,1425]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">D8965D03-EFD6-4958-802C-C08F42FC86E4</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="01B406F82A607257FF36C402FE1EF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" startId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" targetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" targetPageId="43">
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<paragraph id="557456702A607257FF36C402FE1EF834" blockId="43.[192,1441,1832,1926]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FF36C402FED5F8F1" bold="true" box="[192,310,1833,1859]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Figure 43.</emphasis>
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Trees of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A607257FE6AC401FD91F8F1" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[412,626,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FE6AC401FD91F8F1" box="[412,626,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Hesperia woodgatei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group constructed from protein-coding regions in
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FB46C403FB24F8F0" bold="true" box="[1200,1223,1832,1858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">a)</emphasis>
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nuclear and
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FAAEC403FA92F8F0" bold="true" box="[1368,1393,1832,1858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">b)</emphasis>
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mitochondrial genomes:
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A607257FE4CC460FDDBF8D6" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[442,568,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FE4CC460FDDBF8D6" box="[442,568,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">H. balcones</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FDC9C460FD9EF8D7" bold="true" box="[575,637,1867,1893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A607257FDC9C460FD9EF8D7" box="[575,637,1867,1893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(red) and
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A607257FD05C460FC67F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[755,900,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A607257FD05C460FC67F8D6" box="[755,900,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="01B406F82A677250FF36C1B0FAE3FD04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710202" box="[192,1280,667,694]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710202/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" startId="44.[192,268,667,693]" targetBox="[202,1432,221,625]" targetPageId="44">
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<paragraph id="557456702A677250FF36C1B0FAE3FD04" blockId="44.[192,1280,667,694]" box="[192,1280,667,694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FF36C1B0FED6FD07" bold="true" box="[192,309,667,693]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Figure 44.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FE31C1B7FD69FD07" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[455,650,667,693]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FE31C1B7FD69FD07" box="[455,650,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Hesperia balcones</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FD67C1B7FD2DFD04" bold="true" box="[657,718,668,694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A677250FD67C1B7FD2DFD04" box="[657,718,668,694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="01B406F82A677250FF48C0DAFD71FB01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710204/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" startId="44.[190,266,1009,1035]" targetBox="[192,1440,746,980]" targetPageId="44">
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<paragraph id="557456702A677250FF48C0DAFD71FB01" blockId="44.[189,1439,1009,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FF48C0DAFED7FBB9" bold="true" box="[190,308,1009,1035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Figure 45.</emphasis>
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Two species of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FE10C0D9FDA4FBB9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[486,583,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FE10C0D9FDA4FBB9" box="[486,583,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Hesperia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the USA. Numbers are given for iNaturalist observations.
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FAE0C0DAFAA9FBB9" bold="true" box="[1302,1354,1009,1035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">a–d)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FAA7C0D9FF1AFB9F" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FAA7C0D9FF1AFB9F" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. balcones</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FF08C738FED8FB9F" bold="true" box="[254,315,1043,1069]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A677250FF08C738FED8FB9F" box="[254,315,1043,1069]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, Texas.
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FE66C738FE44FB9F" bold="true" box="[400,423,1043,1069]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">a)</emphasis>
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99404027 Burnet Co., Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, 17-Oct-2021 © Jack Cochran.
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FEDBC71FFE83FBFC" bold="true" box="[301,352,1076,1102]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">b–c)</emphasis>
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Travis Co. Volente, 6-Oct-2007 © Nick V. Grishin.
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FC61C71FFC52FBFC" bold="true" box="[919,945,1076,1102]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">d)</emphasis>
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2146572 Burnet Co., Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, 16-Oct-2015 © Roger Shaw.
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FCD2C77DFCD8FBC2" bold="true" box="[804,827,1110,1136]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">e)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FCB7C77CFC30FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[833,979,1110,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FCB7C77CFC30FBC2" box="[833,979,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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16707845 NM: Crant Co., Lake Roberts, 16-Sep-2018 © Bill Carrell. Some images are color-corrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A677250FF36C62CFDA7FA93" box="[192,580,1287,1314]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="557456702A677250FF36C62CFDA7FA93" blockId="44.[192,580,1287,1314]" box="[192,580,1287,1314]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FF3EC62CFEF6FA93" box="[200,277,1287,1313]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-452@43.[192,1440,1441,1803]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 43. Trees of Hesperia woodgatei group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: H. balcones sp. n. (red) and H. woodgatei (blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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part, 44, 45a–d, 46a–d, 47)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A677251FF36C61AFAE4F883" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="557456702A677250FF36C61AFE80F834" blockId="44.[191,1442,1329,1926]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FF36C61AFE0BFAF9" bold="true" box="[192,488,1329,1355]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Genomic analysis of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FD21C619FB8CFAF9" authority="(Williams, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[727,1135,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FD21C619FC4EFAF9" box="[727,941,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Hesperia woodgatei</emphasis>
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(Williams, 1914)
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality in
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<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A677250FADDC61AFA80FAF9" box="[1323,1379,1329,1355]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="970F98922A677250FA9BC61AFEF6FADE" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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, Los Alamos Co., Jemez Mts.) across its range reveals a prominent split into two clades. One clade (
|
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FAA5C679FA7CFADF" box="[1363,1439,1362,1389]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-452@43.[192,1440,1441,1803]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 43. Trees of Hesperia woodgatei group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: H. balcones sp. n. (red) and H. woodgatei (blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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blue) included a
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<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A677250FE8EC65EFE2DFA3D" box="[376,462,1397,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FE06C65EFD62FA3C" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[496,641,1396,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FE06C65EFD62FA3C" box="[496,641,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FD79C65FFD38FA3C" box="[655,731,1396,1422]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-452@43.[192,1440,1441,1803]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 43. Trees of Hesperia woodgatei group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: H. balcones sp. n. (red) and H. woodgatei (blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
magenta) and in addition to the specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A677250FADEC65FFABEFA3C" box="[1320,1373,1396,1422]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A677250FA9CC65FFEF1FA02" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A677250FEBDC6BDFE4BFA02" box="[331,424,1430,1456]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
) there were also specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A677250FCD6C6BDFC90FA02" box="[800,883,1430,1456]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A677250FC74C6BDFC0CFA02" box="[898,1007,1430,1456]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
|
||
). The other clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FB48C6BDFAE8FA02" box="[1214,1291,1430,1456]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-452@43.[192,1440,1441,1803]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 43. Trees of Hesperia woodgatei group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: H. balcones sp. n. (red) and H. woodgatei (blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
red) consists of the central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A677250FE96C693FE7DFA60" box="[352,414,1464,1490]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations.
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A677250FDCFC693FDB1FA63" attach="left" box="[569,594,1464,1490]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fst</subScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A677250FDADC69CFD69FA63" attach="left" box="[603,650,1463,1489]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Gmin</subScript>
|
||
statistics for their comparison are 0.39/0.006, suggesting that the two clades correspond to distinct species. COI barcodes differ between them by 1.2% (8 bp). In contrast,
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A677250FAB9C6F2FA8BFA41" attach="left" box="[1359,1384,1497,1523]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fst</subScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A677250FA87C6F2FA43FA41" attach="left" box="[1393,1440,1497,1523]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Gmin</subScript>
|
||
between populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FE3BC6D0FDBDF9A6" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[461,606,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FE3BC6D0FDBDF9A6" box="[461,606,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FD9AC6D1FD59F9A7" box="[620,698,1530,1557]" captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="43.[192,268,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[194,1439,1443,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-452@43.[192,1440,1441,1803]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 43. Trees of Hesperia woodgatei group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: H. balcones sp. n. (red) and H. woodgatei (blue). A syntype is labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710200/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
blue) from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A677250FC9FC6D0FC68F9A7" box="[873,907,1531,1557]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A677250FBF7C6D1FBB7F9A6" box="[1025,1108,1530,1556]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
are 0.13/0.06, suggesting that they are conspecific. The red clade does not have an available name associated with it and therefore represents a new species. The new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FD7BC515FCFEF9EA" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[653,797,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FD7BC515FCFEF9EA" box="[653,797,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and keys to it (M.10.2) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A677250FBC9C515FB32F9EA" author="Evans WH" box="[1087,1233,1597,1624]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" pagination="54 - 88" refId="ref32642" refString="Evans WH. 1955. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 499 p., pls. 54 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but differs in having browner and grayer (instead of more greenish) ventral side of wing with typically smaller spots, especially on the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FEADC5AAFE48F929" box="[347,427,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="44.[192,268,667,693]" captionTargetBox="[202,1432,221,625]" captionTargetId="figure-334@44.[192,1440,213,637]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 44. Holotype of Hesperia balcones sp. n. dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710202/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FE40C5AAFE1CF92E" box="[438,511,1665,1692]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="44.[190,266,1009,1035]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,746,980]" captionTargetId="figure-352@44.[192,1440,746,980]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 45. Two species of Hesperia from the USA. Numbers are given for iNaturalist observations. a–d) H. balcones sp. n., Texas. a) 99404027 Burnet Co., Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, 17-Oct-2021 © Jack Cochran. b–c) Travis Co. Volente, 6-Oct-2007 © Nick V. Grishin. d) 2146572 Burnet Co., Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, 16-Oct-2015 © Roger Shaw. e) H. woodgatei 16707845 NM: Crant Co., Lake Roberts, 16-Sep-2018 © Bill Carrell. Some images are color-corrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710204/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">45a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
); in male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FD2FC5AAFC63F929" box="[729,896,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="45.[192,268,1555,1581]" captionTargetBox="[204,1434,211,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-126@45.[194,1442,200,1518]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 46. Genitalia of Hesperia. a–d) H. balcones sp. n. paratypes, data in text: a–b) NVG-22031H11 ♂ and c–d) NVG-19071E02 ♀. e–h) H. woodgatei from USA: New Mexico [USNM]: e–f) NVG-19071D12 ♂ topotype, Jemez Springs, 7000 ft, Aug-1930, J. Woodgate leg. and g–h) NVG-19071E01 ♀ Eddy Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park, N McKittrick Canyon, 1-Oct-1983, S. J. Cary leg., in different views: a, e) right lateral, b, f) dorsal, c, g) ventral, d, h) right lateral. Female genitalia (corpus bursae is not shown) are slightly reduced (smaller scalebar) compared to male genitalia (larger scalebar)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710206/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 46a, b, e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
), the tegumen with uncus is smaller and shorter, broader in dorsal view and narrower towards the base in lateral view; the saccus is shorter and broader (the shape and number of valval teeth appears to be an individually variable character); in female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A677250FAB7C5EFFEE5F8B2" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="45.[192,268,1555,1581]" captionTargetBox="[204,1434,211,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-126@45.[194,1442,200,1518]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 46. Genitalia of Hesperia. a–d) H. balcones sp. n. paratypes, data in text: a–b) NVG-22031H11 ♂ and c–d) NVG-19071E02 ♀. e–h) H. woodgatei from USA: New Mexico [USNM]: e–f) NVG-19071D12 ♂ topotype, Jemez Springs, 7000 ft, Aug-1930, J. Woodgate leg. and g–h) NVG-19071E01 ♀ Eddy Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park, N McKittrick Canyon, 1-Oct-1983, S. J. Cary leg., in different views: a, e) right lateral, b, f) dorsal, c, g) ventral, d, h) right lateral. Female genitalia (corpus bursae is not shown) are slightly reduced (smaller scalebar) compared to male genitalia (larger scalebar)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710206/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 46c, d, g, h</figureCitation>
|
||
), the lamella postvaginalis is straighter and mostly convex along its distal margin and not with protruding central more sclerotized area concave in the middle, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A677250FCA2C423FC06F893" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[852,997,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A677250FCA2C423FC06F893" box="[852,997,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in nuclear genome: aly1603.68.1:G108A, aly5294.15.2:C156T, aly6841.61.2:G318A, aly315.1.25:C75T, and aly151.14.4:C48A, and COI barcode: T118T(not C), T235T(not C), T274T(not C), and T287T(not C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A667251FF36C538FD05F967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710206/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" startId="45.[192,268,1555,1581]" targetBox="[204,1434,211,1518]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A667251FF36C538FD05F967" blockId="45.[192,1440,1555,1750]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FF36C538FEDBF99F" bold="true" box="[192,312,1555,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figure 46.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A667251FE39C53FFDD3F99F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[463,560,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FE39C53FFDD3F99F" box="[463,560,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FDC8C538FD90F99F" bold="true" box="[574,627,1555,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">a–d)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A667251FD8AC53FFD1FF99F" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[636,764,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FD8AC53FFD1FF99F" box="[636,764,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">H. balcones</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FCF3C53FFCA6F99C" bold="true" box="[773,837,1556,1582]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A667251FCF3C53FFCA6F99C" box="[773,837,1556,1582]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratypes, data in text:
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FBAFC538FB6DF99F" bold="true" box="[1113,1166,1555,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">a–b)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-22031H11 ♂ and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FF36C51EFF10F9FD" bold="true" box="[192,243,1589,1615]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">c–d)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19071E02 ♀.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FE23C51EFDEBF9FD" bold="true" box="[469,520,1589,1615]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">e–h)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A667251FDF9C51DFD7CF9FD" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[527,671,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodgatei">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FDF9C51DFD7CF9FD" box="[527,671,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">H. woodgatei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from USA: New Mexico [USNM]:
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FBD0C51EFBB4F9FD" bold="true" box="[1062,1111,1589,1615]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">e–f)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19071D12 ♂ topotype, Jemez Springs, 7000 ft, Aug-1930, J. Woodgate leg. and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FCD5C57DFCBBF9C2" bold="true" box="[803,856,1622,1648]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">g–h)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19071E01 ♀ Eddy Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park, N McKittrick Canyon, 1-Oct-1983, S. J. Cary leg., in different views:
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FBADC553FB6FF920" bold="true" box="[1115,1164,1656,1682]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">a, e)</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FAE8C553FAACF920" bold="true" box="[1310,1359,1656,1682]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">b, f)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FF36C5B1FF12F901" bold="true" box="[192,241,1689,1716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">c, g)</emphasis>
|
||
ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FEA7C5B1FE65F901" bold="true" box="[337,390,1689,1716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">d, h)</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral. Female genitalia (corpus bursae is not shown) are slightly reduced (smaller scalebar) compared to male genitalia (larger scalebar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A667251FF36C43CFAE4F883" blockId="45.[192,1440,1815,1925]" box="[192,1287,1815,1842]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A667251FF36C43CFDADF883" bold="true" box="[192,590,1815,1841]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Barcode sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A667251FE16C43CFDAAF883" box="[480,585,1815,1841]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sample NVG-22031H10, GenBank OP984704, 658 base pairs:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A667253FF36C415FD8AFEE3" box="[192,1440,214,1925]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A667251FF36C415FA43F837" blockId="45.[192,1440,1815,1925]" box="[192,1440,1854,1925]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGTATATTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGTAATCCTGGAT CTTTAATTGGAGATGACCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTCACAGCACATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTG GAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCACGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTA</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A657252FF36C42CFABCF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710208/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" startId="46.[192,268,1799,1825]" targetBox="[197,1435,213,1769]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A657252FF36C42CFABCF834" blockId="46.[192,1441,1799,1927]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FF36C42CFED6F893" bold="true" box="[192,309,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Figure 47.</emphasis>
|
||
Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A657252FDE0C423FD3AF893" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[534,729,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FDE0C423FD3AF893" box="[534,729,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Hesperia balcones</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FD16C42CFCFDF893" bold="true" box="[736,798,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A657252FD16C42CFCFDF893" box="[736,798,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the type locality.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FBE8C42CFBB1F893" bold="true" box="[1054,1106,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">a–b)</emphasis>
|
||
An egg in different views, 22- Oct-2007.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FECEC403FE80F8F0" bold="true" box="[312,355,1832,1858]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">c–l)</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillars of different instars: 1
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FD16C402FD08F885" attach="left" box="[736,747,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">st</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FD0BC403FCF1F8F0" bold="true" box="[765,786,1832,1858]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">c)</emphasis>
|
||
22-Oct-2007,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FC4EC403FC0FF8F0" bold="true" box="[952,1004,1832,1858]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">d–e)</emphasis>
|
||
21-Oct-2007], 2
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FB50C402FB54F885" attach="left" box="[1190,1207,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">nd</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FB3FC402FB3DF8F0" bold="true" box="[1225,1246,1832,1859]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">f)</emphasis>
|
||
8-Nov-2007], 3
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FA64C402FA43F885" attach="none" box="[1426,1440,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">rd</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FF3CC461FF01F8D6" bold="true" box="[202,226,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">g)</emphasis>
|
||
18-Nov-2007], 4
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FE68C461FE4FF8EA" attach="left" box="[414,428,1866,1880]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">th</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FE4AC461FE36F8D6" bold="true" box="[444,469,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">h)</emphasis>
|
||
26-Nov-2007,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FD8DC461FD6FF8D6" bold="true" box="[635,652,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">i)</emphasis>
|
||
3-Dec-2007], 5
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FCCCC461FCABF8EA" attach="left" box="[826,840,1866,1880]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">th</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FCAEC461FC8AF8D6" bold="true" box="[856,873,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">j)</emphasis>
|
||
3-Dec-2007,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FC09C461FBFBF8D6" bold="true" box="[1023,1048,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">k)</emphasis>
|
||
22-Dec-2007], 6
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A657252FB24C461FB03F8EA" attach="left" box="[1234,1248,1866,1880]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">th</superScript>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FB06C461FAE2F8D6" bold="true" box="[1264,1281,1866,1892]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">l)</emphasis>
|
||
10-Jan-2008].
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FF36C447FF1DF834" bold="true" box="[192,254,1900,1926]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">m–o)</emphasis>
|
||
A pupa in different views, 26-Jan-2008:
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FD49C447FD03F834" bold="true" box="[703,736,1900,1926]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">m)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FCCFC447FCB0F834" bold="true" box="[825,851,1900,1926]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">n)</emphasis>
|
||
ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A657252FC45C447FC2FF834" bold="true" box="[947,972,1900,1926]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">o)</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral. All images are to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C3FDFD8AFEE3" blockId="47.[192,1440,214,337]" box="[192,1440,214,337]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">CCCCCTTCATTAACATTATTAATTTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTACTGGAACAGGTTGAACTGTTTATCCCCCTTTATCTTCTA ATATTGCTCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTTGATTTAACAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCATCTATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTA TTACAACAATTATTAACATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTATT ACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATATTACTTACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCTTTTTTCGATCCAGCAGGAGG AGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A647253FF36C249FE71FC11" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C249FB24FCE5" blockId="47.[192,1442,354,855]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C249FE8FFECE" bold="true" box="[192,364,354,380]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FE83C249FDD0FDB6" collectingDate="2008-10-09" collectionCode="DC, USNM, V" collectorName="Grishin & Nick" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." latitude="30.4605" location="National Museum of Natural History" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-97.9011" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FE83C249FE0AFECE" bold="true" box="[373,489,354,380]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A647253FE83C249FE07FECE" box="[373,484,354,380]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FE05C24FFDEBFECD" box="[499,520,356,383]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A647253FD23C249FB9CFECE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A607253FF36C678FA8BFAC9:501400AB2A647253FD23C249FB9CFECE" box="[725,1151,354,381]" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." latitude="30.4605" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-97.9011" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A647253FB7AC249FA7FFECE" box="[1164,1436,354,380]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Smithsonian Institution</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FF36C2AFFEAAFE2C" box="[192,329,388,414]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FEA3C2AFFE9CFE2C" box="[341,383,388,414]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">DC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A647253FE7DC2AFFE23FE2C" box="[395,448,388,414]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FE26C2AFFDC6FE2C" box="[464,549,388,414]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A647253FD27C2AFFCFCFE2C" box="[721,799,388,414]" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="44.[192,268,667,693]" captionTargetBox="[202,1432,221,625]" captionTargetId="figure-334@44.[192,1440,213,637]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 44. Holotype of Hesperia balcones sp. n. dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710202/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears the following 3 rectangular labels, 2 white: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A647253FA90C2AFFA7DFE2C" box="[1382,1438,388,414]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FF37C28CFEE1FE73" box="[193,258,423,449]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A647253FEFDC28DFE9DFE72" box="[267,382,422,448]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Travis Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
| Volente, along Lime Creek Rd. | between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FC95C28DFC5FFE72" box="[867,956,422,448]" degrees="30.4611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="30.4611">30.4611</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FC31C28DFBCDFE72" box="[967,1070,422,448]" degrees="97.9064" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="-97.9064">−97.9064</geoCoordinate>
|
||
| and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FB83C28DFB2DFE73" box="[1141,1230,422,449]" degrees="30.4605" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="30.4605">30.4605</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FB2FC28DFAA3FE72" box="[1241,1344,422,448]" degrees="97.9011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="-97.9011">−97.9011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
|
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FAA0C28DFF15FE50" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FAA0C28DFF15FE50" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-10-09">9-Oct- 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FEEBC2E2FED3FE51" box="[285,304,457,483]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FECFC2E3FE6CFE50" box="[313,399,456,482]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-22031H10 | c/o
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FC5AC2E3FC02FE50" box="[940,993,456,482]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Nick</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FC11C2E2FC19FE51" box="[999,1018,457,483]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FBF5C2E3FBBAFE50" box="[1027,1113,456,482]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
], and one red [
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A647253FAF9C2E3FA43FE50" box="[1295,1440,456,482]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FF36C2C0FF36FDB4" box="[192,213,491,518]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A647253FF1CC2C1FEADFDB6" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[234,334,490,516]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperia</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A647253FE95C2C1FDC2FDB6" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[355,545,490,516]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones">balcones Grishin</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FDC9C2C1FE56FD95" collectingDate="2005-10-09" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." location="Travis Co." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="46" specimenCount-female="27" specimenCount-male="19" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FDC9C2C1FD5AFDB6" bold="true" box="[575,697,490,516]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A647253FDC9C2C1FD57FDB6" box="[575,692,490,516]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FD49C2C1FCE7FDB4" box="[703,772,490,518]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">17♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FCCAC2C1FC62FDB4" box="[828,897,490,518]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">27♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A647253FC78C2C1FC20FDB6" box="[910,963,490,516]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A647253FC26C2C1FBA6FDB6" box="[976,1093,490,516]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Travis Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
: the type locality, N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FAD9C2C1FAA1FDB6" box="[1327,1346,490,516]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FABAC2C1FA42FDB6" box="[1356,1441,490,516]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FF02C127FEC8FD9A" box="[244,299,524,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FEC5C127FE56FD95" box="[307,437,524,551]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2005-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FEC5C127FE56FD95" box="[307,437,524,551]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2005-10-09">9-Oct-2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FE34C127FD12FD94" box="[450,753,524,552]" collectingDate="2007-10-06" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" county="Travis Co." isTailEnumeration="true" location="Travis Co." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FE34C127FE1BFD9A" box="[450,504,524,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FDC7C127FD8BFD9A" box="[561,616,524,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FD99C127FD12FD94" box="[623,753,524,550]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2007-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FD99C127FD12FD94" box="[623,753,524,550]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2007-10-06">6-Oct-2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; ex
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FCE8C126FCD0FD9A" box="[798,819,525,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
ex ovum,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FC5CC127FC28FD9A" box="[938,971,524,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
eclosed
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FBDAC127FB4FFD94" box="[1068,1196,524,550]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-02-09">9-Feb-2008</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FB4CC127FB38FD9A" box="[1210,1243,524,552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-22031H11,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FF37C105FF14FDF8" box="[193,247,558,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FEC4C105FE94FDF8" box="[306,375,558,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">12♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FE8BC105FE1DFDFA" box="[381,510,558,584]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-10-09">9-Oct-2008</date>
|
||
; ex
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FDD1C104FDDFFDF8" box="[551,572,559,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
ex ovum, eclosed:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FCFFC105FCCFFDF8" box="[777,812,558,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FCC7C105FC5CFDFA" box="[817,959,558,584]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2009-02-27">27-Feb-2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FC3EC105FC08FDF8" box="[968,1003,558,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FC06C105FB94FDFA" box="[1008,1143,558,584]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2009-03-06">6-Mar-2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FB76C105FB40FDF8" box="[1152,1187,558,586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FB5EC105FADFFDFA" box="[1192,1340,558,584]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2009-03-21">21-Mar-2009</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FAB3C105FB53FDDB" collectingDate="2016-09-30" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Volente, W. & Dempwolf & GenBank" country="United States of America" longitude="4.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FAB3C105FF3DFDD8" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Volente, W.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FF1FC17BFF1EFDD8" box="[233,253,592,618]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FEF8C164FE60FDDB" box="[270,387,591,617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Dempwolf</collectorName>
|
||
leg.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FE31C17BFE0AFDDE" box="[455,489,592,620]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17113
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FD8DC17BFD2DFDDB" box="[635,718,591,618]" degrees="04" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="4.5">
|
||
E04
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FD45C164FD2DFDDB" box="[691,718,591,617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2016-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FD45C164FD2DFDDB" box="[691,718,591,617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2016-09-30">30</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-Sep-2016,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FCA7C164FC59FDDB" box="[849,954,591,617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
accession OP762112
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FB36C17BFB01FDDE" box="[1216,1250,592,620]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17113
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FA83C17BFF2EFD39" degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="9.1">
|
||
E09
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FF36C15AFF2EFD39" box="[192,205,625,651]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2017-10-06">6</date>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-Oct-2017;
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FEB8C159FE93FD3C" box="[334,368,626,654]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17113
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FE09C159FDDCFD39" box="[511,575,625,652]" degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="8.116667">
|
||
E08
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FDC4C15AFDDCFD39" box="[562,575,625,651]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2016-10-07">7</date>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-Oct-2016;
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FD34C159FD00FD3C" box="[706,739,626,654]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17113
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FC84C15AFC51FD39" box="[882,946,625,652]" degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="5.116667">
|
||
E05
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FC53C15AFC51FD39" box="[933,946,625,651]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2016-10-07">7</date>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-Oct-2016;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FBC3C15AFC7BFD1C" collectingDate="2005-10-09" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" latitude="30.441" location="Austin" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-97.8696" municipality="Bullick Hollow Rd." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="FM2769" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A647253FBC3C15AFB62FD39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A607253FF36C678FA8BFAC9:501400AB2A647253FBC3C15AFB62FD39" box="[1077,1153,625,651]" country="United States of America" latitude="30.441" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-97.8696" municipality="Bullick Hollow Rd." name="Austin" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Austin</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="056DFE0B2A647253FB7DC15AFB0AFD39" box="[1163,1257,625,651]" collectionCode="FM" country="China" name="Department of Nature, Fujian Province Museum" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">FM2769</specimenCode>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A647253FAE1C15AFEFAFD1F" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Bullick Hollow Rd.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A647253FED0C1BFFE82FD1C" box="[294,353,660,686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" rank="variety">
|
||
N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FEBCC1BFFEBEFD1C" box="[330,349,660,686]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FE9FC1B8FE5DFD1F" box="[361,446,659,685]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
leg.:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FE0AC1B8FDB6FD1F" box="[508,597,659,685]" degrees="30.4410" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="30.441">30.4410</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FD97C1B8FD29FD1F" box="[609,714,659,685]" degrees="97.8696" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="-97.8696">−97.8696</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FD20C1B8FCEEFD02" box="[726,781,659,688]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FCE0C1B8FC7BFD1C" box="[790,920,659,686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2005-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FCE0C1B8FC7BFD1C" box="[790,920,659,686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2005-10-09">9-Oct-2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; ex
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FC31C1BEFC3FFD02" box="[967,988,661,688]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
ex ovum, eclosed:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FB40C1B8FB3BFD02" box="[1206,1240,659,688]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FB17C1B8FA93FD1F" box="[1249,1392,659,685]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2006-04-18">18-Apr-2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FA88C1B8FA43FD02" box="[1406,1440,659,688]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FF36C19EFEACFD7D" box="[192,335,693,719]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2006-04-27">27-Apr-2006</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FEAAC19EFE21FD7D" box="[348,450,693,719]" degrees="30.44033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="30.44033">30.44033</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FE3BC19EFDA7FD7D" box="[461,580,693,719]" degrees="97.87318" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-97.87318">−97.87318</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FDB9C19EFD91FD60" box="[591,626,693,722]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FD8CC19EFD1FFD62" box="[634,764,693,720]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2005-10-09">9-Oct-2005</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FCFFC19EFBC6FD7D" box="[777,1061,693,722]" collectingDate="2008-10-09" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grishin" country="United States of America" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="30.441" location="Austin" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-97.8696" municipality="Bullick Hollow Rd." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FCFFC19EFCC9FD60" box="[777,810,693,722]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FC92C19EFC78FD60" box="[868,923,693,722]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FC55C19EFBC6FD7D" box="[931,1061,693,719]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FC55C19EFBC6FD7D" box="[931,1061,693,719]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="2008-10-09">9-Oct-2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FBC4C19DFE75FCA1" collectingDate="1976-10-10" collectionCode="R, TAMU" collectorName="O. Kendall & C. A. Kendall" country="United States of America" location="Bee Cave Rd." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A647253FBC4C19DFB28FD7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A607253FF36C678FA8BFAC9:501400AB2A647253FBC4C19DFB28FD7D" box="[1074,1227,693,720]" country="United States of America" name="Bee Cave Rd." pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Bee Cave Rd.</location>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<locationDeviation id="44C64F522A647253FB0BC19EFEEDFD43" location="Austin" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A647253FB0BC19EFAD3FD7D" box="[1277,1328,693,719]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="9.0">9 mi</quantity>
|
||
WNW of Austin
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A647253FEE0C1FCFE46FD43" box="[278,421,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="1976-10-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A647253FEE0C1FCFE46FD43" box="[278,421,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" value="1976-10-10">10-Oct-1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FE46C1F3FE27FD40" box="[432,452,728,754]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FE38C1FCFDA7FD43" box="[462,580,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">O. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FD8CC1FCFCF2FD43" box="[634,785,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">C. A. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
, leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FCB9C1FCFC4BFD43" box="[847,936,727,753]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
]:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FC41C1FCFC0CFD46" box="[951,1007,727,756]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19012H10 and NVG-19012H11,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FF36C1D2FF01FCA7" box="[192,226,761,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19012H1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A647253FE50C1D2FB20FCE5" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Reared & In" country="United States of America" county="Kerr Co." location="Barnes Collection" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A647253FE2EC1D2FE1BFCA7" box="[472,504,761,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19071E02
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC152EFC2A647253FD4DC1D1FCFDFCA1" box="[699,798,761,788]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Kerr Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, [probably Lacey’s ranch,] about 1900,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A647253FB2CC1D1FA41FCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A607253FF36C678FA8BFAC9:501400AB2A647253FB2CC1D1FA41FCA1" box="[1242,1442,761,788]" country="United States of America" county="Kerr Co." name="Barnes Collection" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Barnes Collection</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A647253FF3FC030FEC2FC87" box="[201,289,795,821]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FEC7C030FE9CFC87" box="[305,383,795,821]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Reared</collectorName>
|
||
specimens developed continuously without diapause and aestivation, and eclosed during spring the following year, which is unnatural.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A647253FD9DC016FD60FCE5" box="[619,643,829,855]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">In</collectorName>
|
||
nature, there is only one flight in the fall, not spring
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C04CFE71FC11" blockId="47.[192,1440,870,931]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C04CFEBCFC32" bold="true" box="[192,351,870,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A647253FF36C04CFF1AFC33" box="[192,249,871,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A647253FE9CC04CFE41FC33" box="[362,418,871,897]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FE46C04CFE12FC33" box="[432,497,871,897]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Travis Co., Volente, along Lime Creek Rd. between GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FB6AC04CFB16FC33" box="[1180,1269,871,897]" degrees="30.4611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="30.4611">30.4611</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FAF2C04CFA88FC33" box="[1284,1387,871,897]" degrees="97.9064" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="-97.9064">−97.9064</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FF36C0A3FEFAFC11" box="[192,281,904,931]" degrees="30.4605" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="30.4605">30.4605</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30FF30B72A647253FED2C0A2FE6CFC11" box="[292,399,905,931]" degrees="97.9011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="5" value="-97.9011">−97.9011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A647253FF36C098FDB7FBEE" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C098FB9CFB80" blockId="47.[192,1441,946,1075]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C098FEA7FC7F" bold="true" box="[192,324,947,973]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is for the Hill Country that contains the entire distribution of this species: an area in Central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FF1BC0FEFEC8FC5D" box="[237,299,981,1007]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
bounded on the east by the Balcones Fault. In 1756, Bernardo De
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FBFBC0FFFB93FC5C" box="[1037,1136,980,1006]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a Spanish explorer, named this formation “Los Balcones”, meaning “Balconies” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A647253FCE1C0DDFC5DFBA2" author="Spearing D." box="[791,958,1014,1040]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" refId="ref34009" refString="Spearing D. 1991. Roadside geology of Texas. Mountain Press Publishing Co.; Missoula, MT. 418 p." type="book" year="1991">Spearing 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Limestone cliffs and hills of the Balcones Escarpment is the habitat of this species. The name is a masculine noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C769FDB7FBEE" blockId="47.[192,596,1090,1117]" box="[192,596,1090,1117]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C769FE85FBEE" bold="true" box="[192,358,1090,1116]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">English name.</emphasis>
|
||
Hill country skipper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A647253FF36C747FA8BFAC9" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C747FC9BFB34" blockId="47.[192,888,1132,1158]" box="[192,888,1132,1158]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C747FEB8FB34" bold="true" box="[192,347,1132,1158]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently known only from central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A647253FD07C747FCD1FB34" box="[753,818,1132,1158]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A647253FCCDC747FC90FB34" box="[827,883,1132,1158]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A647253FF36C7BEFA8BFAC9" blockId="47.[192,1443,1173,1404]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF36C7BEFEADFB1D" bold="true" box="[192,334,1173,1199]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
While we have not observed immature stages in nature, we reared this species from eggs laid by captive females. White eggs were placed singly on living or dry leaves and stems of grasses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A647253FB48C793FAD7FB60" box="[1214,1332,1208,1234]" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="46.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-97@46.[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 47. Immature stages of Hesperia balcones sp. n. from the type locality. a–b) An egg in different views, 22- Oct-2007. c–l) Caterpillars of different instars: 1st [c) 22-Oct-2007, d–e) 21-Oct-2007], 2nd [f) 8-Nov-2007], 3rd [g) 18-Nov-2007], 4th [h) 26-Nov-2007, i) 3-Dec-2007], 5th [j) 3-Dec-2007, k) 22-Dec-2007], 6th [l) 10-Jan-2008]. m–o) A pupa in different views, 26-Jan-2008: m) dorsal, n) ventral, o) right lateral. All images are to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710208/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Fig. 47a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A647253FF13C7F2FE4DFB41" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[229,430,1241,1267]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A647253FF13C7F2FE4DFB41" box="[229,430,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Pers. (for convenience of access to this grass), caterpillars are greenish with jet-black head and collar in the first two instars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A647253FD84C7D0FD07FAA7" box="[626,740,1275,1301]" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="46.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-97@46.[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 47. Immature stages of Hesperia balcones sp. n. from the type locality. a–b) An egg in different views, 22- Oct-2007. c–l) Caterpillars of different instars: 1st [c) 22-Oct-2007, d–e) 21-Oct-2007], 2nd [f) 8-Nov-2007], 3rd [g) 18-Nov-2007], 4th [h) 26-Nov-2007, i) 3-Dec-2007], 5th [j) 3-Dec-2007, k) 22-Dec-2007], 6th [l) 10-Jan-2008]. m–o) A pupa in different views, 26-Jan-2008: m) dorsal, n) ventral, o) right lateral. All images are to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710208/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Fig. 47c–f</figureCitation>
|
||
, cream-colored before starting to feed), turning brown towards maroon-purple with white neck, and from the 3
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A647253FD26C636FD3DFA99" attach="left" box="[720,734,1309,1323]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">rd</superScript>
|
||
instar developing a pair of yellowish vertical stripes on the forehead (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A647253FEF2C614FE9BFAEB" box="[260,376,1343,1369]" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="46.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-97@46.[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 47. Immature stages of Hesperia balcones sp. n. from the type locality. a–b) An egg in different views, 22- Oct-2007. c–l) Caterpillars of different instars: 1st [c) 22-Oct-2007, d–e) 21-Oct-2007], 2nd [f) 8-Nov-2007], 3rd [g) 18-Nov-2007], 4th [h) 26-Nov-2007, i) 3-Dec-2007], 5th [j) 3-Dec-2007, k) 22-Dec-2007], 6th [l) 10-Jan-2008]. m–o) A pupa in different views, 26-Jan-2008: m) dorsal, n) ventral, o) right lateral. All images are to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710208/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A647253FEC0C614FE81FAEB" box="[310,354,1343,1369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="g" value="47.0">47g</quantity>
|
||
–l
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the laboratory conditions, caterpillars did not undergo diapause or aestivation and pupated after six instars. Pupa pale, cream-colored with brown mottled pattern and pinkish abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A647253FB21C64AFABFFAC9" box="[1239,1372,1377,1403]" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="46.[192,268,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-97@46.[197,1435,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 47. Immature stages of Hesperia balcones sp. n. from the type locality. a–b) An egg in different views, 22- Oct-2007. c–l) Caterpillars of different instars: 1st [c) 22-Oct-2007, d–e) 21-Oct-2007], 2nd [f) 8-Nov-2007], 3rd [g) 18-Nov-2007], 4th [h) 26-Nov-2007, i) 3-Dec-2007], 5th [j) 3-Dec-2007, k) 22-Dec-2007], 6th [l) 10-Jan-2008]. m–o) A pupa in different views, 26-Jan-2008: m) dorsal, n) ventral, o) right lateral. All images are to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710208/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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Fig.
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||
<quantity id="9233FB952A647253FAFFC64AFADCFAC9" box="[1289,1343,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="47.0">47m</quantity>
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–o
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |