483 lines
63 KiB
XML
483 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="32FEA338AFE95890477E7BDEB61B33F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7710103" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678329528814" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="DD62E7662A55725DFF36C6DAFA72FCB0" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.0969.1–58.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (969)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Epargyreus fractigutta Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="215B9F1E2A4B727CFFF6C32BFFE3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1699461751711" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="DD3E4F6B259155047D1E26B0CDEA3262" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EFA4A181AC93D1B94A6E1837155216FF">
|
||
<mods:title id="0D0D50E64B806485B49BE9A696C6F30E">Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="080EDB1416F7C7B0C2A074607BAB328B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1CDFDE0A84C8BFE3996F4F034E5FE525">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DF268A72E3BA0F09E8CB209A2FDC1D97">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="69D40BA2E4FD90CB992A2FA66D3564A3">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="259CACCDF4A6C89A9555CFF87554DC4F">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C8D053FEB6C37C647C97F7A00BB3F713" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="098FA4AF5ED5726704A7505FB903961B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D99EBD27BFC60BCDD4AC905BE6E2F8D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E9600AEBE2AC40F6ACF7C216C82F2761">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="9DAE23DDAAEE7797C16168D52B95689E">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9AA3EAEE8E95C62646651BF59A48E3F7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="837D886CB1E17B2B535F48F5B126C61E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="963BE758C57A2A6E668A491976B81F4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="579D7A52DEBD152609A4DCF18CA938E8">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="9A9403F4220C7D9450606D397FC74F4F">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CC66FFC37F2359AF2BFA25C625AB7487">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="950211FCEFCAE3D9D9991C87EB77DEE4" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="894795F0A17CBBB603603BC635750EC7">
|
||
<mods:title id="E346FBB232C6A49B864E942C73670546">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F2BA2737B5847235314F103D59D43D35">
|
||
<mods:date id="3E396C5277395F633C1E404DC4BB36EF">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1BE21410A922DE57A6E31B20245B2ED0" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="DE919156E1D3EC732DA41CB1F9070549">2023-01-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="92C6ABE41A71179AFCEE21DFCF3776F2" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="ACD9F20839D2ADBBDF5FBCF26143820E">2023</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F832B2A8782302E92DE9843C00813E65" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="8D809A71E5DD554B66F409452BB77B5C">969</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9442D053291A99A0F2C8BC42450E2FB7" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="1A13169514A3663645D5FCD6ADF9257B">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="588707281445458B43BDFE482BCC53B9">58</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="5897FB088A3BF4ED8051F2B85BE5075D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="00D88DD121C976DABDCE26092AA35336" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7710103</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="420CF7D3CB4F6C02D2074E6AB49E3ECF" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="43C2AA518E6AD903EE5F5DD7B5CED2DF" type="Zenodo-Dep">7710103</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="DD62E7662A55725DFF36C6DAFA72FCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A55725DFF36C6DAFA72FCB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD62E7662A55725DFF36C6DAFA72FCB0" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A557262FF36C6DAFC5BF99D" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A557262FF36C6DAFD0BF9BF" blockId="30.[192,952,1520,1616]" box="[192,744,1520,1549]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading id="0E3CE11C2A557262FF36C6DAFD0BF9BF" box="[192,744,1520,1549]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FF36C6DAFD0BF9BF" bold="true" box="[192,744,1520,1549]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FF36C6DAFDA4F9BF" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,583,1520,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FF36C6DAFE38F9BF" bold="true" box="[192,475,1520,1549]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Epargyreus fractigutta</emphasis>
|
||
Grishin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A557262FDA5C6DBFD0BF9BF" box="[595,744,1520,1549]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A557262FF36C53FFC5BF99D" blockId="30.[192,952,1520,1616]" box="[192,952,1556,1583]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
https://zoobank.org/
|
||
<uuid id="216D6CA52A557262FE52C53FFC5BF99D" box="[420,952,1556,1583]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">BCB1E347-AD55-48AE-85D6-1B2E4DEF3F81</uuid>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A557262FF36C51EFE2BF9FD" box="[192,456,1589,1616]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A557262FF36C51EFE2BF9FD" blockId="30.[192,952,1520,1616]" box="[192,456,1589,1616]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A557262FF3EC51EFEF6F9FD" box="[200,277,1589,1615]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[192,268,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,221,814]" captionTargetId="figure-399@31.[192,1440,219,816]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Trees of Epargyreus constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: E. fractigutta sp. n. (red), E. cruza (blue), E. gaumeri (cyan), E. clavicornis (orange), E. clarus with E. huachuca (green), and E. zestos (purple) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710161/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
part, 25, 26a–f)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A557263FF36C574FD8EF837" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A557263FF36C574FA83F936" blockId="30.[192,1442,1631,1927]" lastBlockId="31.[191,1442,1030,1669]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FF36C574FE09F9CB" bold="true" box="[192,490,1631,1657]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Genomic analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FD29C54BFBEFF9CB" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[735,1036,1631,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FD29C54BFCB9F9CB" box="[735,858,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Epargyreus</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, [1819]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reveals that specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FF37C5AAFDF1F929" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[193,530,1664,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FF37C5AAFE61F928" box="[193,386,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Epargyreus cruza</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A557262FE7FC5AAFDF1F929" author="Evans WH" box="[393,530,1664,1691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A557262FD40C5AAFCEFF929" box="[694,780,1665,1691]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A557262FCEEC5AAFC9CF929" box="[792,895,1665,1691]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Cordova) partition into two clades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A557262FAD0C5AAFA96F929" box="[1318,1397,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[192,268,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,221,814]" captionTargetId="figure-399@31.[192,1440,219,816]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Trees of Epargyreus constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: E. fractigutta sp. n. (red), E. cruza (blue), E. gaumeri (cyan), E. clavicornis (orange), E. clarus with E. huachuca (green), and E. zestos (purple) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710161/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
red and blue).
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A557262FECAC588FEB0F90E" attach="left" box="[316,339,1699,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fst</subScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A557262FEAAC589FE68F90E" attach="left" box="[348,395,1698,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Gmin</subScript>
|
||
statistics for these two clades are 0.48/0.004, their COI barcodes differ by 1.5% (10 bp), and specimens from these clades are likely sympatric in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A557262FCFEC5EFFC62F96C" box="[776,897,1732,1758]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A557262FC4CC5EFFBF7F96C" box="[954,1044,1732,1758]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggesting that they correspond to species-level taxa. Currently, there is no available name associated with the red clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A557262FB71C5CEFB34F8B2" box="[1159,1239,1765,1792]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[192,268,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,221,814]" captionTargetId="figure-399@31.[192,1440,219,816]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Trees of Epargyreus constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes: E. fractigutta sp. n. (red), E. cruza (blue), E. gaumeri (cyan), E. clavicornis (orange), E. clarus with E. huachuca (green), and E. zestos (purple) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710161/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
) and it represents a new species. In both nuclear and mitochondrial genome trees, this new species is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FB2DC423FAD4F893" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1243,1335,1800,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FB2DC423FAD4F893" box="[1243,1335,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and keys to it (C.2.9(a)) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A557262FE7CC402FDFDF8F6" author="Evans WH" box="[394,542,1833,1860]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. To facilitate phenotypic comparison, the entire type series of the new species is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A557262FEA0C461FE2AF8D6" box="[342,457,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 26b–f</figureCitation>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FD86C460FD28F8D6" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[624,715,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FD86C460FD28F8D6" box="[624,715,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A557262FD2FC461FCB6F8D6" box="[729,853,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A557262FCFAC461FCD4F8D6" box="[780,823,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" unit="g" value="26.0">26g</quantity>
|
||
–k
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In facies, the following characters separate the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A557262FEA2C446FE4DF834" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[340,430,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A557262FEA2C446FE4DF834" box="[340,430,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: on the forewing, the hyaline spot in cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A557262FC46C453FC5BF834" attach="left" box="[944,952,1912,1926]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">2</subScript>
|
||
-1A+2A is offset farther distad from spot in cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FED4C739FEC9FB92" attach="right" box="[290,298,1042,1056]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FE9EC739FE93FB92" attach="left" box="[360,368,1042,1056]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">2</subScript>
|
||
, (the two spots are closer together in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FCEFC72CFC96FB92" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[793,885,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FCEFC72CFC96FB92" box="[793,885,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are frequently larger) and the discal cell spot is rounder, not as strongly crescent-shaped as in typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FCC8C702FC7AFBF0" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[830,921,1065,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FCC8C702FC7AFBF0" box="[830,921,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on the ventral hindwing, the silver spot near the end of the discal cell more offset basad from the larger silver spot and is slightly more distant from that larger spot than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FEA4C746FE4FFB34" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[338,428,1133,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FEA4C746FE4FFB34" box="[338,428,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the area between the silver spots (both, in discal cell and between veins 1A+2A and M
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FA78C753FA75FB34" attach="left" box="[1422,1430,1144,1158]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">3</subScript>
|
||
) and a postdiscal band of faint white spots is mostly of dark ground color and largely devoid of pale overscaling, in particular between the discal cell spot and the postdiscal spot between the veins M
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FB9BC797FB96FB78" attach="left" box="[1133,1141,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FB32C797FB2FFB78" attach="left" box="[1220,1228,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">3</subScript>
|
||
(this overscaling is frequently extensive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FE34C7F8FDFEFB5E" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[450,541,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FE34C7F8FDFEFB5E" box="[450,541,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A547263FD35C7F9FCC4FB5E" box="[707,807,1234,1260]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A547263FCC4C7F9FC6DFB5E" box="[818,910,1234,1260]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A547263FC94C7F9FC6DFB5E" box="[866,910,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="g" value="26.0">26g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the white spots in the postdiscal band are narrower and less diffuse that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FDFFC7DEFD80FABC" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[521,611,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FDFFC7DEFD80FABC" box="[521,611,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pale lavender submarginal overscaling reaches the white postdiscal band, in particular in the middle and mostly in the cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FCE3C609FCFEFA82" attach="left" box="[789,797,1314,1328]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FCADC609FC80FA82" attach="left" box="[859,867,1314,1328]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">2</subScript>
|
||
(separated from the band with ground color brown scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FED1C612FE62FAE0" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[295,385,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FED1C612FE62FAE0" box="[295,385,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noticeably in the cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FD42C66FFD5FFAE0" attach="right" box="[692,700,1348,1362]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C94F54352A547263FD0CC66FFCE1FAE0" attach="left" box="[762,770,1348,1362]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">2</subScript>
|
||
, especially if white overscaling is poorly expressed between the discal silver spots and the postdiscal white band). In other words, lavender/white overscaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FADAC670FA6BFAC6" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1324,1416,1371,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FADAC670FA6BFAC6" box="[1324,1416,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is expressed first between the discal silver spots and the postdiscal white band, but in the new species, it is expressed first between the postdiscal while band and marginal pale-lavender area (which are frequently merged with each other as a result). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A547263FE40C6EBFDC0FA68" box="[438,547,1472,1498]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of both taxa reflect this tendency well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A547263FC2EC6EBFBACFA68" box="[984,1103,1472,1498]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 26b, g</figureCitation>
|
||
). In male genitalia, harpe narrower distad than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FE54C6C8FE1FFA4E" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[418,508,1507,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FE54C6C8FE1FFA4E" box="[418,508,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and less constricted before distal end. However, because this new cryptic species was discovered using genomic analysis and the extent of phenotypic variation across its range remains to be studied, DNA offers definitive identification that should be relied upon. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in nuclear genome: aly2487.16.2:A89T, aly281.7.1:C1490T, aly84.5.6:C1196A, aly84.5.6:A1197C, and aly281.7.1:G1473T, and COI barcode: T82C, T106T(not C), T530C, T547C, A559G, and 637C(not T).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A547263FF36C079FD26FC63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710161/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" startId="31.[192,268,850,876]" targetBox="[193,1436,221,814]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A547263FF36C079FD26FC63" blockId="31.[192,1442,850,978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FF36C079FEDAFCDE" bold="true" box="[192,313,850,876]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FE5EC078FDC0FCDE" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[424,547,851,876]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FE5EC078FDC0FCDE" box="[424,547,851,876]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Epargyreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constructed from protein-coding regions in
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FBDDC079FBA2FCDE" bold="true" box="[1067,1089,850,876]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">a)</emphasis>
|
||
nuclear and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FB2AC079FB16FCDE" bold="true" box="[1244,1269,850,876]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">b)</emphasis>
|
||
mitochondrial genomes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FEC7C05EFE21FC3C" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[305,450,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FEC7C05EFE21FC3C" box="[305,450,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. fractigutta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FE3DC05FFDE9FC3C" bold="true" box="[459,522,884,910]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A547263FE3DC05FFDE9FC3C" box="[459,522,884,910]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(red),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FDA0C05EFD51FC3C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[598,690,885,910]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FDA0C05EFD51FC3C" box="[598,690,885,910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FCFAC05EFC66FC3C" authorityName="Godman and Salvin" authorityYear="1893" box="[780,901,885,910]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaumeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FCFAC05EFC66FC3C" box="[780,901,885,910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. gaumeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cyan),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FC14C05EFB97FC3C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[994,1140,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FC14C05EFB97FC3C" box="[994,1140,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. clavicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(orange),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FB1CC05EFAAAFC3C" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[1258,1353,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FB1CC05EFAAAFC3C" box="[1258,1353,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. clarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FA7DC05EFECAFC02" authorityName="Dixon" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huachuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FA7DC05EFECAFC02" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. huachuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A547263FE31C0BCFDC6FC02" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[455,549,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zestos">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A547263FE31C0BCFDC6FC02" box="[455,549,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E. zestos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(purple) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A547263FF36C5BFFB13F91C" blockId="31.[192,1264,1684,1711]" box="[192,1264,1684,1711]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Barcode sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A547263FE23C5BFFDD9F91C" box="[469,570,1684,1710]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Sample NVG-14111F08, GenBank OP762107, 658 base pairs:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A547263FF36C597FD8EF837" blockId="31.[192,1440,1724,1925]" box="[192,1440,1724,1925]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGATTAATTGGAACTTCATTAAGATTACTTATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAACCCCAGGAT CTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATCTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTCATTATAATTTTTTTCATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTG GAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAATTCCCCTTATATTAGGAGCTCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTAC CCCCATCACTAACTCTTTTAATTTCAAGAAGTATTGTTGAAAATGGAGCTGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTCTTTCTTCCAA TATTGCCCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCTTTACACTTAGCTGGAATTTCATCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTA TTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTTGGAATTACAGCTCTATTATT ATTACTTTCCTTACCTGTATTGGCAGGTGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGACCGAAATTTAAATACCTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGG AGGAGACCCCATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A6B725CFF36C199FAD2FD7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710163" box="[192,1329,690,717]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710163/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" startId="32.[192,268,690,716]" targetBox="[196,1436,239,647]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6B725CFF36C199FAD2FD7F" blockId="32.[192,1329,690,717]" box="[192,1329,690,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFF36C199FED6FD7E" bold="true" box="[192,309,690,716]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFE31C198FD58FD7F" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[455,699,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFE31C198FD58FD7F" box="[455,699,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Epargyreus fractigutta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFD37C198FD1CFD7F" bold="true" box="[705,767,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6B725CFD37C198FD1CFD7F" box="[705,767,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A6B725CFF36C66DFD07F9DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" startId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" targetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6B725CFF36C66DFD07F9DC" blockId="32.[191,1442,1350,1646]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFF36C66DFED4FAD2" bold="true" box="[192,311,1350,1376]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFE04C66CFD89FAD2" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[498,618,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFE04C66CFD89FAD2" box="[498,618,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Epargyreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFD8FC66DFD73FAD2" bold="true" box="[633,656,1350,1376]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">a)</emphasis>
|
||
Possible
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFD08C66CFC73FAD3" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[766,912,1351,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFD08C66CFC73FAD3" box="[766,912,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">E. fractigutta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC6EC66CFC36FAD3" bold="true" box="[920,981,1351,1377]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6B725CFC6EC66CFC36FAD3" box="[920,981,1351,1377]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFE58C6A1FE02FA11" bold="true" box="[430,481,1417,1444]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">b–f)</emphasis>
|
||
The type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFD4FC6A0FCA9FA16" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[697,842,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFD4FC6A0FCA9FA16" box="[697,842,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">E. fractigutta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFCA4C6A1FC53FA11" bold="true" box="[850,944,1417,1444]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A6B725CFCA4C6A1FC71FA16" box="[850,914,1418,1444]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
b)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFDA8C680FD90FA77" bold="true" box="[606,627,1451,1477]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">c)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC12C680FC1DFA77" bold="true" box="[996,1022,1451,1477]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">d)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFACDC680FAB2FA77" bold="true" box="[1339,1361,1451,1477]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">e)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG- 17098A07 Panama,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFE53C6E6FE59FA55" bold="true" box="[421,442,1485,1511]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">f)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFCC7C6E6FC85FA55" bold="true" box="[817,870,1485,1511]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">g–k)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFC99C6E5FBD1FA55" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[879,1074,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC99C6E5FBD1FA55" box="[879,1074,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Epargyreus cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFBB7C6E6FBBAFA55" bold="true" box="[1089,1113,1485,1511]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">g)</emphasis>
|
||
holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC10C6C5FC1CF9BA" bold="true" box="[998,1023,1518,1544]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">h)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-17097A06 Honduras.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFAB4C6C5FAB7F9BA" bold="true" box="[1346,1364,1518,1544]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">i)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFD8FC53BFD68F998" bold="true" box="[633,651,1552,1578]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">j)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-17097B06 Panama,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC59C53BFC24F998" bold="true" box="[943,967,1552,1578]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">k)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC97C51AFC9BF9F9" bold="true" box="[865,888,1585,1611]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">a)</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFC45C51AFC28F9F9" bold="true" box="[947,971,1585,1611]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">g)</emphasis>
|
||
are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6B725DFF36C588FD09FEE8" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6B725DFF36C588FBD7FE81" blockId="32.[192,1442,1698,1928]" lastBlockId="33.[192,1440,214,346]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFF36C588FE05F90F" bold="true" box="[192,486,1698,1725]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Type material.
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6B725CFE84C588FE02F90F" box="[370,481,1699,1725]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A6B725CFE18C58FFDE0F90D" box="[494,515,1700,1727]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFD3CC588FCEBF90F" box="[714,776,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
A&M University Insect Collection, College Station,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFAABC588FA7DF90F" box="[1373,1438,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6B725CFF36C5EFFF16F96C" box="[192,245,1732,1758]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6B725CFEF3C5EFFEB8F96C" box="[261,347,1732,1758]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
), illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6B725CFDFCC5EFFDBAF96D" box="[522,601,1732,1759]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[192,268,690,716]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,239,647]" captionTargetId="figure-172@32.[192,1440,229,653]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Epargyreus fractigutta sp. n. dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710163/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6B725CFD90C5EFFD73F96C" box="[614,656,1732,1758]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">26b</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears the following six rectangular labels, five white: [first
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFAC8C5EFFA70F96C" box="[1342,1427,1732,1758]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
|
||
| record], [McAllen,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFE55C5CDFE02F8B2" box="[419,481,1766,1792]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFE03C5CDFDACF8B2" box="[501,591,1766,1792]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Co. | 18/X/73 | W. W. McGuire, Collr.], [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFBDFC5CDFB44F8B2" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1065,1191,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epargyreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
| exadeus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFAECC5CDFA43F8B2" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1306,1440,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">cruza Evans</taxonomicName>
|
||
| Det. ’75 | W. W. McGuire], [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFDEBC42CFD2EF893" box="[541,717,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">HESPERIIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
, | Pyrginae: |
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFC90C423FBA6F893" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1779" box="[870,1093,1799,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exadeus">Epargyreus exadeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFBAAC423FAC4F890" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1116,1319,1799,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
cruza
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A6B725CFB57C423FAC4F890" author="Evans WH" box="[1185,1319,1799,1826]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
| det.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6B725CFA99C42CFA67F893" box="[1391,1412,1799,1825]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.O. Kendall |
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A6B725CFEDAC401FEA2F8F7" box="[300,321,1834,1861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
M. & B. No. 8a], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-14111F08 | c/o Nick
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6B725CFBEAC402FBCCF8F1" box="[1052,1071,1833,1859]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Grishin], and one red [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6B725CFABFC402FEE0F8D7" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">HOLO- TYPE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A6B725CFEFDC467FEC3F8D5" box="[267,288,1868,1895]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFEC0C460FE57F8D7" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[310,436,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epargyreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFE3CC461FD7FF8D6" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[458,668,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractigutta">fractigutta Grishin</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A6B725CFCBAC461FB72F8D6" author="McGuire WW & Rickard MA" box="[844,1169,1866,1892]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="5 - 11" refId="ref33479" refString="McGuire WW, Rickard MA. 1976. New Hesperiidae records for Texas and the United States. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 30 (1): 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1976">McGuire and Rickard (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6B725CFB36C460FA43F8D6" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1779" box="[1216,1440,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exadeus">Epargyreus exadeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
cruza”.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6B725CFEF9C447FE6BF834" bold="true" box="[271,392,1900,1926]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6B725CFEF9C447FE67F834" box="[271,388,1900,1926]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A6B725CFE78C447FE25F83A" box="[398,454,1900,1928]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, one from each locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6B725CFD21C447FCC9F834" box="[727,810,1900,1926]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NVG-17097A08
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6B725CFC02C447FB7CF834" box="[1012,1183,1900,1926]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">San Luis Potosi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Axtla Junction, Laurel Canyon,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A6A725DFED2C3FDFE59FF42" box="[292,442,214,240]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" value="1980-03-21">21-Mar-1980</date>
|
||
, W. H. Howe leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6A725DFD73C3FDFD3EFF42" box="[645,733,214,240]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
]; NVG-19124E11
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6A725DFC5EC3FDFBECFF42" box="[936,1039,214,240]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A6A725DFBEFC3FDFB85FF42" box="[1049,1126,214,240]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="3.9">3.9 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Omealca,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A6A725DFAE2C3FDFA7FFF42" box="[1300,1436,214,240]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" value="1981-08-06">6-Aug-1981</date>
|
||
, C. J. Durden leg. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6A725DFE7CC3DCFE0BFEA3" box="[394,488,247,273]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5vn9-fr8a" name="Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">TMMC</collectionCode>
|
||
]; NVG-17097A09
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6A725DFD4CC3DCFCF4FEA3" box="[698,791,247,273]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, San Jeronimo,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A6A725DFC3EC3DCFBA8FEA3" box="[968,1099,247,273]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" value="1979-07-19">19-Jul-1979</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6A725DFBAFC3DCFB52FEA3" box="[1113,1201,247,273]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
]; and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFB05C3D3FAAEFEA0" box="[1267,1357,248,274]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NVG- 17098A07 El Valle,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A6A725DFE6FC232FDC7FE86" box="[409,548,281,308]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" value="1965-01-31">31-Jan-1965</date>
|
||
, S. S. Nicolay leg., genitalia vial H670 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A6A725DFC27C232FBCAFE81" box="[977,1065,281,307]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6A725DFF36C26BFD09FEE8" blockId="33.[192,1440,214,346]" box="[192,746,320,346]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C26BFEB8FEE8" bold="true" box="[192,347,320,346]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A6A725DFF36C26BFF1AFEE8" box="[192,249,320,346]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFE97C26BFE7AFEE8" box="[353,409,320,346]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6A725DFE55C26BFE07FEE8" box="[419,484,320,346]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hidalgo Co., McAllen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6A725DFF36C24CFDD8FDBE" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6A725DFF36C24CFBCDFE54" blockId="33.[192,1442,359,771]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C24CFEA7FE33" bold="true" box="[192,324,359,385]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a fusion of Latin words ‘fracti’ for broken and ‘gutta’ for drop, tear, or spot, reflecting a discontinuous (broken) silver spot on ventral hindwing, a modified English name for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFB33C2A2FB04FE11" box="[1221,1255,393,419]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
sightings of this species that reflects larger separation between the two ventral hindwing sliver spots, i.e., the silver spot is “more broken” in this new species than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6A725DFDBDC2E7FD45FE57" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[587,678,460,485]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFDBDC2E7FD45FE57" box="[587,678,460,485]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6A725DFF36C2D9FDD8FDBE" blockId="33.[192,1442,359,771]" box="[192,571,498,525]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C2D9FE85FDBF" bold="true" box="[192,358,498,525]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">English name.</emphasis>
|
||
Broken silverdrop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6A725DFF36C132FBF6FD86" box="[192,1045,537,564]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6A725DFF36C132FBF6FD86" blockId="33.[192,1442,359,771]" box="[192,1045,537,564]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C132FEB8FD81" bold="true" box="[192,347,537,563]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Lower Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFC43C131FBF1FD86" box="[949,1042,538,564]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A6A725DFF36C16BFA72FCB0" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A6A725DFF36C16BFA72FCB0" blockId="33.[192,1442,359,771]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C16BFEABFDE8" bold="true" box="[192,328,576,602]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Using a combination of phenotypic characters detailed above, a live individual photographed recently in the Mission area of Hidalgo Co. in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A6A725DFD22C148FCF1FDCF" box="[724,786,611,637]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(details “obscured”,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6A725DFC0CC149FBACFDCE" box="[1018,1103,610,636]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Fig 26a</figureCitation>
|
||
) is more likely to be this new species (or others),but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6A725DFE1AC1AFFDA5FD2F" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[492,582,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFE1AC1AFFDA5FD2F" box="[492,582,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We are not aware of reliable
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6A725DFC71C1AFFC03FD2F" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[903,992,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFC71C1AFFC03FD2F" box="[903,992,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFB52C1AFFB2AFD2C" box="[1188,1225,644,670]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We suggest changing the English name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6A725DFE27C18DFDC8FD0D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[465,555,678,703]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFE27C18DFDC8FD0D" box="[465,555,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">E. cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(if it needs one) to “bruised silverdrop” to have the “ruz” sound from the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A6A725DFF36C1E3FF1DFD53" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[192,254,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Epargyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruza">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A6A725DFF36C1E3FF1DFD53" box="[192,254,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">cruza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and reflect the “bruising” of the silver spot, an impression created by surrounding pale scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6A725DFAD6C1ECFA7AFD53" box="[1312,1433,711,737]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A6A725DFAA4C1ECFA98FD53" box="[1362,1403,711,737]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" unit="g" value="26.0">26g</quantity>
|
||
–k
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) that are mostly missing in the new species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A6A725DFD55C1C3FCFBFCB0" box="[675,792,744,770]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="32.[192,268,1350,1376]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,769,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-174@32.[192,1440,769,1321]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details “obscured”, Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710165/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Fig. 26a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
), so that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A6A725DFC50C1C2FC2BFCB1" box="[934,968,745,771]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
species is still called “broken silverdrop.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |