593 lines
74 KiB
XML
593 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="52A05690056269B8E4B505099C7688FD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7710103" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678329528814" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.0969.1–58.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (969)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Spicauda atelis Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="215B9F1E2A4B727CFFF6C32BFFE3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699461751711" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="821924B5803EBDA12C98D7853AFA8258">
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<mods:title id="3807A0E15EF307A52A53450371BB76AD">Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8BA3DE4AEFB1697C66310EB422DABC8C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9B3FB15161E49E78BE82D3FC8948AFD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D68229E8981EBEFD29E12AD0AE975DDA">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E395E1F68B6CC352DEB90BCD45B60229">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1D89FD74D972DE0742554695E24785E5">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D6FDF1D11046D1A519DE5C785F30115">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D6D3726177287DFE51787AC2FB3F3A4E">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A8500E8565CD3E5CD4E54CE8B9247DD">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="81C5D0C5659295C59FF884941A045413">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6E6DADA692329D69EA7680C827A83D98">
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<mods:date id="8C9FABEEF1CE6E223BB9843EB66BD6E1">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3531F178364BC716D14DF63F0B1D12C4">2023-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EB1CC30711BA325F690BBBB1EEC49B1A">2023</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F63D9DFDB942D2C3218694AF92C37759">969</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B2665E546DFDA7E325483BB6A54B5E99" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7710103</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A4C727BFF36C60FFC4BFAD0" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="557456702A4C727BFF36C60FFD69FAF3" blockId="7.[192,936,1316,1412]" box="[192,650,1316,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="0E3CE11C2A4C727BFF36C60FFD69FAF3" box="[192,650,1316,1345]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFF36C60FFD69FAF3" bold="true" box="[192,650,1316,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFF36C60FFE0AFAF3" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,489,1316,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFF36C60FFE9EFAF3" bold="true" box="[192,381,1316,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Spicauda atelis</emphasis>
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Grishin
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A4C727BFE03C60FFD69FAF3" box="[501,650,1316,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="557456702A4C727BFF36C663FC4BFAD0" blockId="7.[192,936,1316,1412]" box="[192,936,1352,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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https://zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="216D6CA52A4C727BFE69C663FC4BFAD0" box="[415,936,1352,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">7F4E9AFE-1998-487A-BD6F-1841F6CB11EB</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A4C727BFF36C642FE59FA36" box="[192,442,1385,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="557456702A4C727BFF36C642FE59FA36" blockId="7.[192,936,1316,1412]" box="[192,442,1385,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A4C727BFF3EC642FEE4FA36" box="[200,263,1385,1412]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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part, 2, 3a, b, 4)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A4C7274FF36C6B8FDB8FB54" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="557456702A4C727BFF36C6B8FD47F835" blockId="7.[192,1442,1427,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFF36C6B8FE13FA1F" bold="true" box="[192,496,1427,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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In addition to species-level status of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFC6BC6BFFBC6FA1F" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[925,1061,1427,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zalanthus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFC6BC6BFFBC6FA1F" box="[925,1061,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. zalanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear genome datasets of specimens identified as
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFD4CC69EFC8BFA7D" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[698,872,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFD4CC69EFC8BFA7D" box="[698,872,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Spicauda teleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., Z chromosome genes,
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A4C727BFB43C69EFAE1FA7D" box="[1205,1282,1461,1487]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
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) reveals their partitioning into 2 clades. One clade (
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A4C727BFD89C6FCFD21FA43" box="[639,706,1495,1521]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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blue) consists of specimens from South America and
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<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A4C727BFAB6C6FCFA7EFA43" box="[1344,1437,1495,1521]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, including specimens from the Guianas and
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<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A4C727BFD40C6D3FD18F9A0" box="[694,763,1528,1554]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, a region with the likely
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<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A4C727BFBE1C6D2FBABF9A1" box="[1047,1096,1529,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFB3FC6D2FAC0F9A0" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1225,1315,1528,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFB3FC6D2FAC0F9A0" box="[1225,1315,1528,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. teleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The other clade (
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A4C727BFEFBC531FEACF986" box="[269,335,1562,1588]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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red) is North American and does not have an available name.
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<subScript id="C94F54352A4C727BFBDDC530FBA7F986" attach="left" box="[1067,1092,1563,1589]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fst</subScript>
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/
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<subScript id="C94F54352A4C727BFBBBC531FB9EF986" attach="left" box="[1101,1149,1562,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Gmin</subScript>
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statistics for comparison of these two clades (red and blue) are 0.32/0.003 suggesting that they correspond to species-level taxa. Curiously, neither of the two species is monophyletic in mitogenomes (
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<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A4C727BFC35C575FBF6F9CA" box="[963,1045,1630,1656]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
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) and their COI barcodes differ by only 0.3-0.6% (2-4 bp). There are no positions in the barcode that consistently differentiate the two species in all specimens we sequenced, suggesting mitochondrial introgression. The new species, represented by the red clade, is sister to
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFE4AC5EFFDFAF96F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[444,537,1731,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFE4AC5EFFDFAF96F" box="[444,537,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. teleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and keys to it (C.13.13) in
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<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A4C727BFC97C5EFFC18F96C" author="Evans WH" box="[865,1019,1731,1758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFB41C5EFFAF0F96F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1207,1299,1731,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFB41C5EFFAF0F96F" box="[1207,1299,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. teleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a longer terminal spike in male genitalia and by a more robust and humped ampulla-costa, which is higher relative to the harpe and its spike than in
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<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A4C727BFDBFC42CFD47F893" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[585,676,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
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<emphasis id="67BF8A622A4C727BFDBFC42CFD47F893" box="[585,676,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. teleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by nuclear DNA comparison (not the COI barcodes!) and a combination of the following base pairs in the nuclear genome is diagnostic: aly5021.7.12:C2856T, aly
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<date id="217570B02A4C727BFBF6C461FB81F8D7" box="[1024,1122,1866,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" value="1779-05-01">1779.5.1</date>
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:G723A, aly
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<date id="217570B02A4C727BFB13C461FAA8F8D7" box="[1253,1355,1866,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" value="2085-02-04">2085.2.4</date>
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:T831A, aly536.8.1:T1305C, and aly536.8.1:C869G.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A437274FF36C1B1FA85FC73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[192,268,666,692]" targetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C1B1FA85FC73" blockId="8.[191,1441,666,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C1B1FECAFD06" bold="true" box="[192,297,666,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FE62C1B1FDDDFD06" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[404,574,666,692]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FE62C1B1FDDDFD06" box="[404,574,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Spicauda teleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group constructed from protein-coding regions in
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FB72C1B1FB78FD06" bold="true" box="[1156,1179,666,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">a)</emphasis>
|
||
Z chromosome and
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FA7FC1B1FA42FD06" bold="true" box="[1417,1441,666,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">b)</emphasis>
|
||
mitochondrial genome:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FE3DC197FDFFFD64" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[459,540,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FE3DC197FDFFFD64" box="[459,540,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S. atelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FDD4C197FDBCFD64" bold="true" box="[546,607,700,726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A437274FDD4C197FDBCFD64" box="[546,607,700,726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(red),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FD5FC197FCE3FD64" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[681,768,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FD5FC197FCE3FD64" box="[681,768,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S. teleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FC72C197FBE4FD64" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[900,1031,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zalanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FC72C197FBE4FD64" box="[900,1031,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S. zalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green) rooted with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FB1DC197FAA7FD67" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1259,1348,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanna">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FB1DC197FAA7FD67" box="[1259,1348,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S. tanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C0D2FDB8FB54" blockId="8.[192,1440,1017,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C0D2FDADFBA1" bold="true" box="[192,590,1017,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Barcode sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A437274FE16C0D2FDAAFBA1" box="[480,585,1017,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sample NVG-14112D07, GenBank OP984702, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTCGGAATTTGAGCAGGATTAGTTGGAACTTCATTAAGATTACTTATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAATACCAGGA TCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTCATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTG GAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAATTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTCCCTCGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTAC CCCCATCTTTAACCCTTTTAATTTCAAGAAGCATTGTTGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACTGGATGAACTGTATACCCCCCTTTATCTTCTAA TATTGCCCATCAAGGAGCATCAGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCTTTACATCTTGCAGGAATTTCATCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTA TTACAACTATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCATTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTATTTGAGCTGTTGGAATTACAGCTTTATTATTA TTACTTTCATTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACCTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGGGGA GGAGATCCTATTTTATACCAACACCTATTT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A437274FF36C7DCFBCAF942" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C7DCFE3AF974" blockId="8.[192,1444,1271,1735]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C7DCFE89FAA3" bold="true" box="[192,362,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FE84C7DCFECBFA08" collectingDate="1972-09-11" collectionCode="TAMU, COUNTY, R, V" collectorName="A & M University Insect Collection & Roy O. Kendall & C. A. Kendall & Pyrginae & O. Kendall & M. & B. No. & Nick & Grishin" country="United States of America" location="College Station" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FE84C7DCFE05FAA3" bold="true" box="[370,486,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A437274FE84C7DCFE02FAA3" box="[370,481,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FE18C7D2FDE0FAA6" box="[494,515,1273,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FD3CC7D3FCEBFAA0" box="[714,776,1272,1298]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FCE6C7DCFB75FAA3" box="[784,1174,1271,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">A&M University Insect Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FB52C7DCFAB2FAA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FB52C7DCFAB2FAA3" box="[1188,1361,1271,1297]" country="United States of America" name="College Station" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Texas">College Station</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FAABC7D3FA7DFAA0" box="[1373,1438,1272,1298]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FF36C632FF16FA81" box="[192,245,1305,1331]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FEF2C632FEB9FA81" box="[260,346,1305,1331]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
), illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A437274FDF4C632FDADFA81" box="[514,590,1305,1331]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[192,268,1300,1326]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,209,1281]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[192,1440,205,1289]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Spicauda atelis sp. n. a) holotype ♂ NVG-14112D07, b) paratype ♀ NVG-14112D08 dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FB30C632FAFDFA81" box="[1222,1310,1305,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
|
||
: | HIDALGO
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FF36C610FEC2FAE7" box="[192,289,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">COUNTY</collectionCode>
|
||
| city of Mission | 10
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A437274FDFBC611FDF8FAFA" attach="left" box="[525,539,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">th</superScript>
|
||
Street at | irrigation ditch], [coll. |
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FC46C610FBDBFAE7" box="[944,1080,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-09-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FC46C610FBDBFAE7" box="[944,1080,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-09-11">11 Sep 1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FBBBC610FB1BFAE6" box="[1101,1272,1338,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Roy O. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
| &
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FADFC610FF09FAC4" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">C. A. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
], [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FEECC677FE29FAC4" box="[282,458,1372,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">HESPERIIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
, |
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FE15C677FDAAFAC4" box="[483,585,1372,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pyrginae</collectorName>
|
||
: |
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FD95C677FCE8FAC4" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[611,779,1372,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">Urbanus teleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FCD4C676FCD4FACA" box="[802,823,1373,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A437274FCB3C677FC02FAC4" author="Hubner J." box="[837,993,1372,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33075" refString="Hubner J. 1821. Index exoticorum lepidopterorum, in foliis 244 a Jacobo Hubner hactenus effigiatorum; adjectis denominationibus emendatis, tam communioribus quam exactioribus. Jacob Hubner; Augsburg. 7 p." type="book" year="1821">Hubner, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) | det.
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FBCFC677FBADFAC4" box="[1081,1102,1372,1398]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FBA4C677FB29FAC4" box="[1106,1226,1372,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">O. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FB16C676FA8BFAC5" box="[1248,1384,1372,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. & B. No.</collectorName>
|
||
28], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-14112D07 | c/o
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FD5CC655FD3CFA2A" box="[682,735,1406,1432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Nick</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FD1EC655FD18FA2A" box="[744,763,1406,1432]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FCF1C655FCBEFA2A" box="[775,861,1406,1432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
], and one red [
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A437274FBD4C655FB50FA2A" box="[1058,1203,1406,1432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FB4AC654FB32FA28" box="[1212,1233,1407,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A437274FB1CC655FA73FA2A" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[1258,1424,1406,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis">Spicauda atelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FF36C6B4FEF5FA0B" box="[192,278,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FEC3C6B4FC9DFA69" collectingDate="1973-10-18" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="W. W. McGuire & GenBank" country="United States of America" location="McAllen" municipality="Co." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FEC3C6B4FE4CFA0B" bold="true" box="[309,431,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A437274FEC3C6B4FE49FA0B" box="[309,426,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FE40C6B4FE0DFA0E" box="[438,494,1439,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">6♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FDD1C6B4FDBCFA0E" box="[551,607,1439,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FD9BC6B4FD41FA0B" box="[621,674,1439,1465]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FD5CC6B4FD2FFA0E" box="[682,716,1439,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-14112D08
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FC62C68BFC36FA08" box="[916,981,1440,1466]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hidalgo
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B510CC0A2A437274FBB5C6B4FB8FFA0B" box="[1091,1132,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Co.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FB8EC6B4FB38FA0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FB8EC6B4FB38FA0B" box="[1144,1243,1439,1465]" country="United States of America" municipality="Co." name="McAllen" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Texas">McAllen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FB10C6B4FA95FA0B" box="[1254,1398,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1973-10-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FB10C6B4FA95FA0B" box="[1254,1398,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1973-10-18">18-Oct-1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FA74C68BFEABFA69" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">W. W. McGuire</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FEA3C6EAFE4DFA69" box="[341,430,1473,1499]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FE36C6EAFDC9FA69" box="[448,554,1473,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
accession OP762098 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A437274FCD2C6EAFC96FA69" box="[804,885,1473,1499]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[192,268,1300,1326]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,209,1281]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[192,1440,205,1289]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Spicauda atelis sp. n. a) holotype ♂ NVG-14112D07, b) paratype ♀ NVG-14112D08 dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FC7FC6EAFAACFA4F" collectingDate="1972-12-24" collectionCode="TAMU" collectorName="Roy O. Kendall & C. A. Kendall" country="Mexico" location="El Salto Falls" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FC7FC6EAFC3FFA69" box="[905,988,1473,1499]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FC1EC6EAFBE8FA6F" box="[1000,1035,1473,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-3280
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FB62C6EAFAA3FA69" box="[1172,1344,1473,1499]" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">San Luis Potosi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FABDC6EAFF15FA4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FABDC6EAFF15FA4E" country="Mexico" name="El Salto Falls" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi">El Salto Falls</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FF09C6C8FE70FA4F" box="[255,403,1507,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-12-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FF09C6C8FE70FA4F" box="[255,403,1507,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-12-24">24-Dec-1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FE6BC6C8FDA5FA4E" box="[413,582,1506,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Roy O. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FD8AC6C8FCF2FA4E" box="[636,785,1506,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">C. A. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
leg., genitalia NVG150111-96, [
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FB85C6C8FB29FA4F" box="[1139,1226,1507,1533]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14193" name="Texas A&amp;M University" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">TAMU</collectionCode>
|
||
] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A437274FB28C6C9FACFFA4E" box="[1246,1324,1506,1532]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[192,268,1712,1738]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,1412,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-144@9.[192,1440,1412,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Three species of Spicauda. a–b) S. atelis sp. n. a) USA: TX, Hidalgo Co., Mission, 3-Nov-2020, iNaturalist observation 64178872 © Mike Rickard. b) paratype NVG-3280, data in text, genitalia in Fig. 4, note the 5th subapical forewing spot—section of the wing magnified below. c) S. teleus, Trinidad: Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo, 4-May-2022, iNaturalist observation 115731394 © ralytt. d–e) S. zalanthus. d) NVG-19121B08 ♂ Brazil: Paraná, Curitiba, 900 m, 26-Oct-1969, O. Mielke leg. [USNM]. e) NVG-19121F07 ♀ Brazil: Santa Catarina, Apr-1945 (no other data) [USNM]. Some images were color-corrected and/or rotated and iNaturalist photographs are available" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710111/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A437274FAC0C6C8FAA5FA4F" box="[1334,1350,1507,1533]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[193,269,943,969]" captionTargetBox="[200,1421,220,892]" captionTargetId="figure-341@10.[192,1440,213,898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Spicauda atelis sp. n. paratype NVG-3280 (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) right dorsolateral, c) ventral, d) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710113/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FAACC6C9FB57F9AC" collectingDate="1967-08-18" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Gary F. Hevel" country="United States of America" location="40 mi N of Jacala" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hidalgo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
others in
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FF28C52FFED3F9AC" box="[222,304,1540,1566]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FECDC52FFEBEF992" box="[315,349,1540,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19121B11
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FDE9C52FFD98F9AC" box="[543,635,1540,1566]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FD70C52FFCAAF9AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FD70C52FFCAAF9AC" box="[646,841,1540,1567]" country="United States of America" name="40 mi N of Jacala" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Hidalgo">
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A437274FD70C52FFD26F9AC" box="[646,709,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mi" value="40.0">40 mi</quantity>
|
||
N of Jacala
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FCA5C52FFC0BF9AC" box="[851,1000,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1967-08-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FCA5C52FFC0BF9AC" box="[851,1000,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1967-08-18">18-Aug-1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FC05C52FFB68F9AC" box="[1011,1163,1540,1567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Gary F. Hevel</collectorName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FB36C52FFD62F9F2" collectingDate="1974-07-06" country="United States of America" location="Candelaria Loxicha" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FB36C52FFB01F992" box="[1216,1250,1540,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19121A06
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FF37C50DFEF5F9F2" box="[193,278,1574,1600]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FED7C50DFE1EF9F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FED7C50DFE1EF9F2" box="[289,509,1574,1600]" country="United States of America" name="Candelaria Loxicha" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Candelaria Loxicha</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FDFCC50DFD62F9F2" box="[522,641,1574,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1974-07-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FDFCC50DFD62F9F2" box="[522,641,1574,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1974-07-06">6-Jul-1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FD7AC50DFE1BF9D3" collectingDate="2003-06-05" collectingDateMax="2003-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-06-05" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Leuschner" country="Guatemala" location="Finca Ixobel" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Peten" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FD7AC50DFCE6F9F2" box="[652,773,1574,1600]" name="Guatemala" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FCFAC50DFCCCF9F0" box="[780,815,1574,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19121A07
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FC02C50DFBD6F9F2" box="[1012,1077,1574,1600]" country="Guatemala" name="Peten" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Peten</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FBB7C50DFB2FF9F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FBB7C50DFB2FF9F2" box="[1089,1228,1574,1600]" country="Guatemala" name="Finca Ixobel" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Peten">Finca Ixobel</location>
|
||
<locationDeviation id="44C64F522A437274FB25C50DFABAF9F2" box="[1235,1369,1574,1600]" location="Poptun" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S of Poptun</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FA93C50EFECBF9D3" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="2003-06-05" valueMax="2003-06-10" valueMin="2003-06-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FA93C50EFECBF9D3" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="2003-06-05" valueMax="2003-06-10" valueMin="2003-06-05">5-10- Jun-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FEC2C563FEAAF9D0" box="[308,329,1608,1634]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FEA5C56CFE2BF9D3" box="[339,456,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Leuschner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FDF2C56CFAF6F9D3" box="[516,1301,1607,1636]" collectingDate="1972-07-30" collectionCode="R" collectorName="D. Lohman" country="Honduras" location="Las Minas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FDF2C56CFD97F9D3" box="[516,628,1607,1633]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FD8DC56CFD7EF9D6" box="[635,669,1607,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19121A08
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FC94C563FC3BF9D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FC94C563FC3BF9D3" box="[866,984,1607,1634]" country="Honduras" name="Las Minas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Las Minas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FC12C56CFB89F9D3" box="[996,1130,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FC12C56CFB89F9D3" box="[996,1130,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1972-07-30">30-Jul-1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33DACEB52A437274FB82C563FB6AF9D0" box="[1140,1161,1608,1634]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FB65C563FAF6F9D3" box="[1171,1301,1607,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">D. Lohman</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FAD4C56CFC4EF931" collectingDate="1967-10-22" collectorName="E. L. Todd" country="El Salvador" location="San Isidro" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FAD4C56CFA42F9D3" box="[1314,1441,1607,1633]" name="El Salvador" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FF36C542FF01F937" box="[192,226,1641,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-19121A09
|
||
<quantity id="9233FB952A437274FE5AC542FE0BF931" box="[428,488,1641,1667]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
N
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FDE6C542FD66F931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FDE6C542FD66F931" box="[528,645,1641,1667]" country="El Salvador" name="San Isidro" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">San Isidro</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FD65C542FCC7F931" box="[659,804,1641,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1967-10-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FD65C542FCC7F931" box="[659,804,1641,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="1967-10-22">22-Oct-1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FCC4C542FC4EF931" box="[818,941,1641,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E. L. Todd</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E5A35C2D2A437274FC4DC542FE36F974" collectingDate="2007-05-23" collectorName="Sector Mundo Nuevo & Mariano Pereira" country="Costa Rica" location="Area de Conservacion" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FC4DC542FBD5F931" box="[955,1078,1641,1667]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="43CD9DF92A437274FBB6C542FB81F937" box="[1088,1122,1641,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
NVG-17106B07, 07-SRNP- 55853
|
||
<location id="501400AB2A437274FEFFC5A0FDE1F916" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD62E7662A4C7276FF36C60FFD5EF9C2:501400AB2A437274FEFFC5A0FDE1F916" box="[265,514,1674,1701]" country="Costa Rica" name="Area de Conservacion" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Area de Conservación</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FDF1C5A0FD69F917" box="[519,650,1675,1701]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FD62C5A0FCB5F917" box="[660,854,1675,1701]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Guanacaste Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FC96C5A0FBB3F917" box="[864,1104,1674,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Sector Mundo Nuevo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F83E33A62A437274FBADC5A1FAF3F916" box="[1115,1296,1674,1700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Mariano Pereira</collectorName>
|
||
leg. ex larva, eclosed on
|
||
<date id="217570B02A437274FECAC587FE36F974" box="[316,469,1708,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="2007-05-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="313189582A437274FECAC587FE36F974" box="[316,469,1708,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" value="2007-05-23">23-May-2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C5FDFBCAF942" blockId="8.[192,1065,1749,1776]" box="[192,1065,1749,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C5FDFEB8F95D" bold="true" box="[192,347,1749,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A437274FF36C5FDFF1AF942" box="[192,249,1750,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A437274FE97C5FDFE7AF942" box="[353,409,1750,1776]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A437274FE55C5FDFE07F942" box="[419,484,1750,1776]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hidalgo Co., Mission, 10
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A437274FCF5C5FEFCF2F951" attach="left" box="[771,785,1749,1763]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">th</superScript>
|
||
Street at irrigation ditch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A437275FF36C5D4FC31F826" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C5D4FCE2F8EE" blockId="8.[192,1441,1791,1885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C5D4FEA7F8AB" bold="true" box="[192,324,1791,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name of its sister species in Greek is τέλειος (téleios): perfect, complete, and this new one is incomplete: ατελής (atelís), because we do not completely know yet how to unambiguously identify this species by its phenotype. The name is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A437274FF36C447FDEEF834" blockId="8.[192,525,1900,1926]" box="[192,525,1900,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A437274FF36C447FE85F834" bold="true" box="[192,358,1900,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">English name.</emphasis>
|
||
Atelis longtail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A427275FF36C63FFDD0FAE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710107/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[192,268,1300,1326]" targetBox="[202,1429,209,1281]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A427275FF36C63FFDD0FAE2" blockId="9.[192,1440,1300,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FF36C63FFECAFA9C" bold="true" box="[192,297,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A427275FED9C63FFE30FA9C" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[303,467,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FED9C63FFE30FA9C" box="[303,467,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Spicauda atelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A427275FE2DC63FFDF4FA9C" box="[475,535,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FE2DC63FFDF2FA9C" bold="true" box="[475,529,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FDE9C63FFDD6FA9C" bold="true" box="[543,565,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">a)</emphasis>
|
||
holotype ♂ NVG-14112D07,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FC7FC63FFC42FA9C" bold="true" box="[905,929,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">b)</emphasis>
|
||
paratype ♀ NVG-14112D08 dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A427275FF36C59BFA7CF8C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710111/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[192,268,1712,1738]" targetBox="[192,1436,1412,1683]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A427275FF36C59BFA7CF8C1" blockId="9.[191,1440,1712,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FF36C59BFECBF978" bold="true" box="[192,296,1712,1738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A427275FE1CC59AFDAEF979" authorityName="Grishin" authorityYear="2019" box="[490,589,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FE1CC59AFDAEF979" box="[490,589,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Spicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FDADC59BFD6CF978" bold="true" box="[603,655,1712,1738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">a–b)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A427275FD60C59AFD0AF979" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[662,745,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FD60C59AFD0AF979" box="[662,745,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">S. atelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A427275FD07C59AFCCEF979" box="[753,813,1713,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FD07C59AFCC4F979" bold="true" box="[753,807,1713,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FCC3C59BFCAFF978" bold="true" box="[821,844,1712,1738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">a)</emphasis>
|
||
USA: TX, Hidalgo Co., Mission, 3-Nov-2020, iNaturalist observation 64178872 © Mike Rickard.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FD4DC5F9FD30F95E" bold="true" box="[699,723,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">b)</emphasis>
|
||
paratype NVG-3280, data in text, genitalia in Fig. 4, note the 5
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A427275FA64C5F9FA43F952" attach="none" box="[1426,1440,1746,1760]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">th</superScript>
|
||
subapical forewing spot—section of the wing magnified below.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FC7FC5D8FC7DF8BF" bold="true" box="[905,926,1779,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A427275FC53C5DFFC1DF8BC" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[933,1022,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FC53C5DFFC1DF8BC" box="[933,1022,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">S. teleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Trinidad: Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo, 4-May-2022, iNaturalist observation 115731394 © ralytt.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FCC8C43EFC91F89D" bold="true" box="[830,882,1813,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">d–e)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A427275FC8EC43DFC1FF89D" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[888,1020,1813,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zalanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FC8EC43DFC1FF89D" box="[888,1020,1813,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">S. zalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FBFFC43EFBC0F89D" bold="true" box="[1033,1059,1813,1839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">d)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19121B08 ♂ Brazil: Paraná, Curitiba, 900 m, 26-Oct-1969, O. Mielke leg. [USNM].
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A427275FCE9C41CFCD6F8E3" bold="true" box="[799,821,1847,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">e)</emphasis>
|
||
NVG-19121F07 ♀ Brazil: Santa Catarina, Apr-1945 (no other data) [USNM]. Some images were color-corrected and/or rotated and iNaturalist photographs are available
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A427275FF49C451FC31F826" blockId="9.[191,978,1914,1940]" box="[191,978,1914,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="01B406F82A417276FF37C084FD26FC59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7710113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710113/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" startId="10.[193,269,943,969]" targetBox="[200,1421,220,892]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A417276FF37C084FD26FC59" blockId="10.[192,1440,943,1003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF37C084FECAFC78" bold="true" box="[193,297,943,970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FE04C09BFD76FC78" authority="Zhang & Cong & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[498,661,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atelis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FE04C09BFD76FC78" box="[498,661,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Spicauda atelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FD6AC09BFD39FC78" bold="true" box="[668,730,944,970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A417276FD6AC09BFD39FC78" box="[668,730,944,970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype NVG-3280 (data in text) in different views.
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FAC5C084FAA9FC7B" bold="true" box="[1331,1354,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">a)</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF00C0FAFEECFC59" bold="true" box="[246,271,977,1003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">b)</emphasis>
|
||
right dorsolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FE15C0FAFE1AFC59" bold="true" box="[483,505,977,1003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">c)</emphasis>
|
||
ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FDACC0FAFD97FC59" bold="true" box="[602,628,977,1003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">d)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A417276FF36C70CFBD7FBF3" box="[192,1076,1063,1090]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A417276FF36C70CFBD7FBF3" blockId="10.[192,1076,1063,1090]" box="[192,1076,1063,1090]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF36C70CFEB8FBF3" bold="true" box="[192,347,1063,1089]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Lower Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A417276FC43C70CFBD3FBF3" box="[949,1072,1063,1089]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DD105FB2A417276FF36C77AFD5EF9C2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A417276FF36C77AFBABFB3F" blockId="10.[191,1441,1105,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF36C77AFEDDFBD9" bold="true" box="[192,318,1105,1131]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
The 5
|
||
<superScript id="A2BEFB382A417276FE76C77AFE6DFBED" attach="left" box="[384,398,1105,1119]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">th</superScript>
|
||
forewing apical spot is sometimes present in this species, e.g., in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A417276FB72C77AFB06FBD9" box="[1156,1253,1105,1131]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
NVG-3280 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A417276FA82C77AFF3EFB3E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[192,268,1712,1738]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,1412,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-144@9.[192,1440,1412,1683]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Three species of Spicauda. a–b) S. atelis sp. n. a) USA: TX, Hidalgo Co., Mission, 3-Nov-2020, iNaturalist observation 64178872 © Mike Rickard. b) paratype NVG-3280, data in text, genitalia in Fig. 4, note the 5th subapical forewing spot—section of the wing magnified below. c) S. teleus, Trinidad: Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo, 4-May-2022, iNaturalist observation 115731394 © ralytt. d–e) S. zalanthus. d) NVG-19121B08 ♂ Brazil: Paraná, Curitiba, 900 m, 26-Oct-1969, O. Mielke leg. [USNM]. e) NVG-19121F07 ♀ Brazil: Santa Catarina, Apr-1945 (no other data) [USNM]. Some images were color-corrected and/or rotated and iNaturalist photographs are available" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FE77C758FD88FB3F" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[385,619,1138,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanna">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FE77C758FE03FB3E" box="[385,480,1139,1164]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">U. tanna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A417276FE11C758FD88FB3F" author="Evans WH" box="[487,619,1138,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by genomics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A417276FCFDC759FCAAFB3F" box="[779,841,1138,1165]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="8.[192,268,666,692]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,215,630]" captionTargetId="figure-511@8.[192,1440,213,633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 1. Trees of Spicauda teleus group constructed from protein-coding regions in a) Z chromosome and b) mitochondrial genome: S. atelis sp. n. (red), S. teleus (blue), and S. zalanthus (green) rooted with S. tanna (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. Statistical bootstrap support values are shown at nodes (regular in nuclear genome trees and ultrafast in mitogenome trees). For each specimen, the name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations) and general locality. See Table S1 in the Supplemental file <https://osf.io//vkj6d/> or NCBI database entries for additional data about these specimens. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”. The type status refers to this synonym,if the synonym name is provided. The same notations are used throughout this work in other figures showing phylogenetic trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710105/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A417276FC0FC759FBD8FB3F" box="[1017,1083,1138,1165]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[193,269,943,969]" captionTargetBox="[200,1421,220,892]" captionTargetId="figure-341@10.[192,1440,213,898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Male genitalia of Spicauda atelis sp. n. paratype NVG-3280 (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) right dorsolateral, c) ventral, d) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710113/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A417276FF36C79EFF1EFB45" blockId="10.[192,1424,1205,1271]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF36C79EFF1EFB45" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FF36C79EFDB7FB60" authority="Burns, 2014" authorityName="Burns" authorityYear="2014" box="[192,596,1205,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehakernae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF36C79EFE56FB60" bold="true" box="[192,437,1205,1234]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus ehakernae</emphasis>
|
||
Burns, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FBF3C79EFF1EFB45" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alva" subGenus="Urbanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FBF3C79EFB92FB60" bold="true" box="[1029,1137,1205,1234]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FB74C79EFB0DFB60" bold="true" box="[1154,1262,1205,1234]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FAF6C79EFAD5FB60" bold="true" box="[1280,1334,1205,1234]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">alva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A417276FACAC79DFF1EFB45" author="Evans WH" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="557456702A417276FF36C62DFD5EF9C2" blockId="10.[192,1442,1286,1648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Genomic analysis reveals that the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FCF3C62DFB87FA92" authority="Burns, 2014" authorityName="Burns" authorityYear="2014" box="[773,1124,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehakernae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FCF3C62DFC3AFA92" box="[773,985,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus ehakernae</emphasis>
|
||
Burns, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A417276FAE8C62DFA7AFA92" box="[1310,1433,1286,1312]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
) are intermixed in the same clade with specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A417276FCD4C60CFC96FAF3" box="[802,885,1319,1345]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including a specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A417276FB41C60CFAFDFAF3" box="[1207,1310,1319,1345]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A417276FAABC60CFA43FAF3" box="[1373,1440,1319,1345]" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
that we identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FE58C662FD33FAD6" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[430,720,1353,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alva">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FE58C662FDA1FAD1" box="[430,578,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus alva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A417276FDBFC662FD33FAD6" author="Evans WH" box="[585,720,1353,1380]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DDC16E02A417276FC82C662FC29FAD1" box="[884,970,1353,1379]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="970F98922A417276FC23C662FBDFFAD1" box="[981,1084,1353,1379]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Atoyac) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDF04AF52A417276FB59C662FB1EFAD6" box="[1199,1277,1353,1380]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[192,268,777,803]" captionTargetBox="[195,1438,234,738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@11.[192,1440,232,740]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Trees of selected Urbanus (Urbanus) species constructed from protein-coding regions in a) nuclear and b) mitochondrial genomes:U. rickardi sp. n. (orange), U. pronus (blue), U. alva (purple), U. viterboana (green), U. oplerorum sp. n. (red), and U. bernikerni (cyan) among their relatives (black). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta. See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7710115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7710115/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
|
||
purple). Their COI barcodes are 100% identical and all these specimens are phenotypically similar, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A70E8D22A417276FAD7C641FA60FA36" box="[1313,1411,1386,1412]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FF34C6A6FEEDFA14" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[194,270,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alva">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FF34C6A6FEEDFA14" box="[194,270,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">U. alva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In particular, the iridescent overscaling is green (rather than blue), even partly yellowish, extensive on hindwing, reaching up to the distant third (females) or quarter (males), rather sharply transitioning to the dark brown submarginal area. This overscaling is less prominent on forewings, yellower in color, particularly distad, green scales confined to the base, but extensive olive-yellow scales approach the discal band composed of large (compared to other species) spots. The ventral hindwing discal band is only slightly forked towards the costal margin in males. Therefore, we propose to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FD2EC51FFBD8F9FC" authority="Burns, 2014" authorityName="Burns" authorityYear="2014" box="[728,1083,1588,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehakernae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FD2EC51FFC4EF9FC" box="[728,941,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus ehakernae</emphasis>
|
||
Burns, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FBB0C51FFB04F9FC" bold="true" box="[1094,1255,1588,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C8C37192A417276FBB0C51FFB04F9FC" box="[1094,1255,1588,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CB2DF32A417276FE6EC57DFD5AF9C2" authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[408,697,1621,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alva">
|
||
<emphasis id="67BF8A622A417276FE6EC57DFDC8F9C2" box="[408,555,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Urbanus alva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="315A2B812A417276FDC7C57DFD5AF9C2" author="Evans WH" box="[561,697,1621,1648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref32524" refString="Evans WH. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 178 p., pls. 10 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |