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<mods:title id="D050FE4381895E6FEB1CEBC22D257F96">First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE04A9CB4CCF1E5693AC038B54D38B62">Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. Patricia Soutullo: patriciasoutullo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9691 - 0038</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F0603247A697E7AB62AC166397989609">Noreña, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="030A32E4F44E974D998A4E169B320A29">Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. Patricia Soutullo: patriciasoutullo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9691 - 0038</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="AE2487EA9A67C426929C578042B41515" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181875252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4709595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE2487EA9A67C426929C578042B41515" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2487EA9A67C426929C578042B41515" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
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<paragraph id="263236FC9A67C427929C5780415114A9" blockId="8.[151,823,654,716]" box="[151,823,654,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
<heading id="7D7A81909A67C427929C5780415114A9" bold="true" box="[151,823,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A67C427929C5780415114A9" ID-CoL="93Z5F" authority=", Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Norena, 2017" authorityName=", Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Norena" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,823,654,681]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Enchiridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magec">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A67C427929C5780415114A9" bold="true" box="[151,823,654,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A67C427929C578043E114A8" bold="true" box="[151,391,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">Enchiridium magec</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A67C427939D5780415114A9" author="Cuadrado, D. &amp; Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C." box="[406,823,654,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" pagination="38 - 68" refId="ref8073" refString="Cuadrado, D., Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C. (2017) The Polycladida (Platyhelminthes) in the Canary Islands. New genus, species and records. Zootaxa, 4312 (1), 38 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.1.2" type="journal article" year="2017">Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Noreña, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A67C427929C57BC428B14CD" bold="true" box="[151,237,690,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">(Fig. 5)</emphasis>
</heading>
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<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A67C427929C5298410411AE" bold="true" box="[151,866,1942,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
FIGURA 5.
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A67C42793175298410411AE" authority="Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Norena, 2017" authorityName=", Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Norena" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,866,1942,1967]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Enchiridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magec">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A67C42793175298438811AF" bold="true" box="[284,494,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">Enchiridium magec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A67C42793FE5298410411AE" author="Cuadrado, D. &amp; Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C." box="[501,866,1942,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" pagination="38 - 68" refId="ref8073" refString="Cuadrado, D., Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C. (2017) The Polycladida (Platyhelminthes) in the Canary Islands. New genus, species and records. Zootaxa, 4312 (1), 38 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.1.2" type="journal article" year="2017">Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Noreña, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view; C. Ventral view of whole live animal; D-E. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan; F. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (D, E, F anterior end to the right).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6E9765779A66C426929C559840B11741" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C426929C5598469316D5" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C426929C5598431F16B1" bold="true" box="[151,377,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Material examined</emphasis>
: Two specimens. One fixed in Bouin and one sagittal sectioned and stained with Azan. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural Sciences. 49 slides:
<collectionCode id="409CAE399A66C426913255B441EB16D5" box="[825,909,186,212]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
4.01/2412 to
<collectionCode id="409CAE399A66C426962255B4461B16D5" box="[1065,1149,186,212]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
4.01/2460
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C42692CC55D04103171C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C42692CC55D0435C16F9" bold="true" box="[199,314,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Location:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="96E53CA19A66C426934F55D04103171C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107370311" country="Costa Rica" county="Las Baulas National Park" latitude="10.348166" location="Both" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.86236" municipality="Playa Carbon" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<location id="235260279A66C426934F55D0431C16F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE2487EA9A67C426929C578042B41515:235260279A66C426934F55D0431C16F9" box="[324,378,222,248]" country="Costa Rica" county="Las Baulas National Park" latitude="10.348166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.86236" municipality="Playa Carbon" name="Both" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Both</location>
specimens were collected in
<collectingMunicipality id="C656AC869A66C42690C455D0410F16F9" box="[719,873,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Playa Carbon</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty id="CF534E709A66C426917055D046C616F9" box="[891,1184,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Las Baulas National Park</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="E449F81E9A66C42696C055D0472916F9" box="[1227,1359,222,248]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5E9A766C9A66C426975755D042AA171C" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
)
<geoCoordinate id="43B9503B9A66C42692D0540C43E8171D" box="[219,398,258,285]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" precision="1" seconds="53.4" value="10.348166">10 ° 2053.4 “N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="43B9503B9A66C426939E540C4036171C" box="[405,592,258,285]" degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" precision="1" seconds="44.5" value="-85.86236">85 ° 5144.5” W</geoCoordinate>
; 19, May, 2018 (Fig 5A)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C42692CC542840B11741" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" box="[199,727,294,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C42692CC5428434A1741" bold="true" box="[199,300,294,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Habitat:</emphasis>
Low intertidal, below stones on sand.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C42692CC5444429D17F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C42692CC544443371765" bold="true" box="[199,337,330,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Description</emphasis>
: External features (Fig.5B, C): Body shape elongated with smooth dorsal surface. Background colour yellow with cream dots and dark brown spots in the central area, forming a continuous longitudinal midline. Ventral colouration whitish. Without pseudotentacles or tentacles. With marginal eyes in the first third of the body and two elongated clusters of cerebral eyes. Tubular pharynx located in the anterior third of the body, anteriorly oriented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C42692CC54F0436414A8" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
Reproductive system:
<collectingRegion id="E449F81E9A66C42693CA54F0439D1419" box="[449,507,510,536]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Male</collectingRegion>
copulatory apparatus with a single male gonopore (Fig. 5C), anterior to the female. With an elongated penis papilla armed with a long tubular stylet (Fig. 5E). Two interpolated prostatic vesicles, included in a very characteristic muscular bulb, and the seminal vesicle surrounded in a second muscular bulb (Fig. 5D). The female copulatory apparatus presents a short vagina, oriented posteriorly, surrounded by cement glands (Fig. 5F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A66C42692CC57BC42B41515" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A66C42692CC57BC42B41515" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C42692CC57BC430514CD" bold="true" box="[199,355,690,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A66C426936357BC402514CD" authorityName=", Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Norena" authorityYear="2017" box="[360,579,690,716]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Enchiridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magec">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A66C426936357BC402514CD" box="[360,579,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Enchiridium magec</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in the Atlantic Ocean, Canary Islands, (
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A66C42696AE57BC47F314CD" author="Cuadrado, D. &amp; Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C." box="[1189,1429,690,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" pagination="38 - 68" refId="ref8073" refString="Cuadrado, D., Moro, L. &amp; Norena, C. (2017) The Polycladida (Platyhelminthes) in the Canary Islands. New genus, species and records. Zootaxa, 4312 (1), 38 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.1.2" type="journal article" year="2017">Cuadrado et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and in
<collectingCountry id="5E9A766C9A66C42692ED57D8430714F1" box="[230,353,726,752]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
in this study. It is the first record for the Pacific Ocean and for the American west coast,
<collectingCountry id="5E9A766C9A66C426975757D842A81515" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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