595 lines
74 KiB
XML
595 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="06061E6F27728E15253E93B8961E11D4" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-CLB-Dataset="52661" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2cc6a882-3bfb-4232-a6c8-c46d4f1cf25f" ModsDocID="z01213p001" checkinTime="1247155641890" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Wilson J. E. M. Costa" docDate="2006" docId="454698FFE11B3FD212ADD46236E62F09" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Costa_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1213" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3415A121-707B-4676-9259-4FD5CE1C3323" docTitle="Austrolebias" docType="key" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="7116976AA5DF5C9AF7BCD64CDBAACDB0" masterDocTitle="The South American annual killifish genus Austrolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology and taxonomic revision." masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1694017982350" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CDBAA27776A734D7F0B323FBD19C5E02" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E22E60C1BFEE54F7A5594F67F361FBAA">
|
||
<mods:title id="27C72EE2E764FCA74A63C481C1B76C0D">The South American annual killifish genus Austrolebias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology and taxonomic revision.</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0901E47310CBC4465B940D9730CE470E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A82474E5744C2E37493122D781F68119">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EB74D30F3B6A0B3E5DEC4578004E417C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0A6D1D7512A0BBF7398E58851C5AE04E">Wilson J. E. M. Costa</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B4F8B77A7854EF2865612537886E9E4E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="67B580F87611EBFF659619DF9FEDCC70" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="02C553025D478E7F112E1BD5D3B763F5">
|
||
<mods:title id="42A545B854EBDBAEE82FF5E90E59833A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4D10087B01C77A499614C65102C7DEAF">
|
||
<mods:date id="1DFEC2EB574D6C03CCD2900A20C3F89E">2006</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="43218A71AB371AA82ADABD287A30DDA4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="FE8A754F7A5D2B9FECF5F0943CF0370C">1213</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9B4FB96CE96D939BC2E3FF26851BBF7F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7960125BF08513863C16492433A3899C">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="17DDDF4E4CD29EF2E7F3F68F25AF137C">162</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="2F9D0700C7B42B8F7371C9CFA14CD537">
|
||
<mods:url id="C1BFB4BC1F07107EC40E55980C3AD3E3">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3415A121-707B-4676-9259-4FD5CE1C3323</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D8716F05DE9F6B844E54642A09F0C5AE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9A3FDDA1C705F968AC844737EE227EFF" type="ZooBank-PUB">z01213p001</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="454698FFE11B3FD212ADD46236E62F09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:454698FFE11B3FD212ADD46236E62F09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/454698FFE11B3FD212ADD46236E62F09" lastPageNumber="149" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<subSubSection id="38775443C168B46CFC95615E28D0AE22" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="7794E20D1FFDC7D9D3F02490453D27C7" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Key to species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B80F108ADDC7B6F854AEADB91CD03EC" ID-CoL="36CL" ID-ENA="308056" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E5FDB41093EB7C2A880194491FE8E71" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="F1ACE57A1EE2905F77E03A1BC7A453C4" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Species assemblages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E49E426BCBEB25A80C0E668280653C33" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as defined above, are in great part diagnosed by osteological features. In order to make possible a quick identification of species, an artificial key based on external morphological characters is provided below. Reference to the distribution maps and color photographs of specimens appearing in figures 7-52 should also be useful in the identification process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D3C99ADEE93CF5CE95A56D65393756DC" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="FB091BB1295BADFF8DA8D8CC20E38546" pageNumber="140">1</pageStartToken>
|
||
a. Scales absent above anal-fin base, at least in females; scales absent from anterior portion of frontal region ................................................................................ 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="42AD4ABF71D4CCA615AC329482907899" pageNumber="140">1b. Scales always present above anal-fin base and on anterior portion of frontal region ............................................................................................................................ 6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="60E923AB9926A5D900CD298C214BB17A" pageNumber="140">2a. (1a) Body scales overlapping, present in most portion of flanks and opercle; pelvicfin bases medially separated by short interspace, shorter than pelvic-fin base, or united; urogenital papilla cylindrical and narrow in males ................................. 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="788B3D8EB22D9AEB3E6277F8CD977394" pageNumber="140">
|
||
2b. Body scales very small, not overlapping and restricted to the median portion of flanks and opercle; pelvic fins medially separated by wide interspace, much wider that pelvic-fin base; urogenital papilla conical and broad in males ............ .....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DF0FA894E1596209F7CAC74BE05DDB4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheradophilus">A. cheradophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 17) (Isolated river basins of southeastern Uruguay) (Fig. 18)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B4502415DD21B833020363B73C4979C" pageNumber="140">3a. (2a) 50-75 scales in longitudinal series; prominent contact organs on most pectoralfin rays in males .................................................................................................. 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD0488349C157FE19D4A55DC3443C66E" pageNumber="140">
|
||
3b. 31-35 scales in longitudinal series; minute contact organs on uppermost pectoral-fin ray and absent in other rays in males ..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFBB1EFBA8CC16F060B8D34060CD38BA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolterstorffi">A. wolterstorffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 19) (Laguna dos Patos basin, Brazil and Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D815196E3F266989AB709A29352FFB3D" pageNumber="140">4a. (3a) Minute scales on the pectoral-fin base and most anterior half of caudal fin in older males ........................................................................................................... 5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE21BAA92F13C518480E9E05B65DC731" pageNumber="140">
|
||
4b. No scales on pectoral-fin base and caudal-fin squamation restricted to basal portion of fin in both sexes ....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4EDB5F70352B525EDDCA62EDA1FFB52" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prognathus">A. prognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 21) (Lagoa Mirim basin, Brazil and Uruguay) (Fig. 18)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="274EBFA47CFD3805BDA4E38930C2107E" pageNumber="140">
|
||
5a. (4a) 16-18 dorsal-fin rays in males; gray bars on flank in males ................................. ...........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43042FAD4D9ABFACE14A708C99C9BAFA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monstrosus">A. monstrosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 22) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B0FF757B8B34FA6872F1CA8CCA4295F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paraguay basin, in northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia) (Fig. 18)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A526AAE05ED4936B24F2414BE6F1223" pageNumber="140">
|
||
5b. 18-20 dorsal-fin rays in males; no bars on flank in males .................................... .....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F799EDFECA4B692982AB5022DAF80D1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">A. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 23-24) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B1F5E7D62132649856E632DDD1793DB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Plata basin, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay) (Fig. 18)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="793BF4AA72F367CB8265EADB464E9C15" pageNumber="140">6a. (1b) Venter without scales; suborbital and supraorbital bars absent in live specimens, sometimes barely perceptible in preserved specimens ........................................ 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EED4501F11A8BA143029E431CDBB4ED4" pageNumber="140">6b. Venter covered with scales; conspicuous dark grey to black supraorbital and suborbital bars, both in live and preserved specimens.. .................................... 8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4F03F1E01ED3D7D979947FDC056FBAE" pageNumber="140">
|
||
7a. (6a) Pectoral-fin length 23.9-26.0 % SL in males, 24.9-26.6 % SL in females; dorsal-fin origin on vertical through pelvic-fin base, or anterior to it, in males ......... ........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39D2C5424B06B9B1E315E6D2A47AF6E4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnoventris">A. gymnoventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 7) (Laguna Merin basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6173CC38D97708C43BFA3399A6BDA968" lastPageNumber="141" pageNumber="140">
|
||
7b.. Pectoral-fin length 26.3-29.2 % SL in males, 27.8-29.9 % SL in females; dorsal-fin origin on vertical between pectoral-fin base and anus in males ................. ..................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E41B05A393CB86D44E8027A2BCBF78C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:129F5902-2C71-4C93-B999-FA124A15950C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias jaegari Costa & Cheffe 2002:84" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaegari">A. jaegari</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 9)
|
||
<pageStartToken id="0B2A6A2D9185B26AE9C71D2DD047EF55" pageNumber="141">(</pageStartToken>
|
||
Laguna dos Patos basin. Brazil) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2FE055C74AFDFD017E91CDB05FAEEF72" pageNumber="141">8a. (6b) Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior or slightly posterior to anal-fin origin in males; posterior and anterior portion of flank with similar color patterns in males ............................................................................................................................. 9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9863D9110988E4AB65E0C0618B3EB7D3" pageNumber="141">
|
||
8b. Dorsal-fin origin well anterior to anal-fin origin, on vertical between base of 4th and 7th anal-fin rays in males; posterior and anterior portion of flank with distinct color patterns in males, anterior portion pale brown, posterior portion silver with dark gray to black bars (Fig. 10) ....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28D969F7E2931FDDB843DE7769E114EB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteoflammulatus">A. luteoflammulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 10) (Laguna Merin basin and adjacent isolated basins to south, Uruguay) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="469CB573F8E0BDF9A55201EA0A1F168C" pageNumber="141">9a. (8a) Anteromedian rays of anal fin long in females, anal fin nearly triangular fin ..................................... 10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F96E884E6D5F264878CA3B19F0D0376" pageNumber="141">9b. Anteromedian rays of anal fin short in females, anal fin rounded .................... 22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18DB5C02A0520CBAE3F0E56F114C7A79" pageNumber="141">10a. (9a) Single transverse row of scales on anal-fin base in males; minute papillate contact organs on rays of anterior half of anal fin in males, often absent; 3-4 + 9-13 gill-rakers on first branchial arch ...................................................................... 11</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D8C245BB50F2F2FCE669781FCFD7245" pageNumber="141">
|
||
10b. Three to five transverse rows of scales on anal-fin base in males; prominent papillate contact organs on rays of anterior half of anal fin in males; 5 + 14-16 gill-rakers on first branchial arch ...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6FC46301C75940C6BE01C6A65C408E0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vandenbergi">A. vandenbergi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 43) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="771590DAF40073538B494AAEA9CC53B9" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paraguay basin, in northern Argentina and Paraguay) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE085FD0D927D9888E2FAE077CCDA15F" pageNumber="141">11a. (10a) Urogenital papilla attached to anal fin in males ............................................... 12</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="043BC3F4C7C4009D1A3AC904F41ADDE6" pageNumber="141">11b. Urogenital papilla free from the anal fin ........................................................... 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B180D5BEA5FFFC024C613809ECAC0AE4" pageNumber="141">12a. (11a) Single anterior rostral neuromast; 0-3 black spots on anterocentral portion of flanks in females ................................................................................................ 13</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A8E3153E6C6C8D866E3D6B5543BFC18" pageNumber="141">
|
||
12b. Two anterior rostral neuromasts; 5-16 black spots on anterocentral portion of flanks in females (Fi38) ..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DB8DD7BEBBD134B330648AB1E53C9B5" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoorus">A. melanoorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 38) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C7F51E7A0FB9420D8F9E86BEEE6EA94F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B1FF5D382BE98F6E54B5183C0171E70" pageNumber="141">13a. (12a)17-18 supraorbital neuromasts .......................................................................... 14</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E804FE6608183C8798CAA46160AB3C8" pageNumber="141">
|
||
13b. 20-24 supraorbital neuromasts .................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="629A207DAA6D5A17D989B362795DAE0E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apaii">A. apaii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 42) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A13BEF310E2C2D55D5A7990151AF6979" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="62D094BEA1B57204C6DD63385F5252E4" pageNumber="141">
|
||
14a. (13a) Body depth 36.6-39.8% SL in males; pre-pelvic length 47.0-49.4% SL in males; length of dorsal-fin base 40.1-44.4% SL in males; 11-18 rows of bright dots on the flanks in males ........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1FD2A33FDDF950816D1D2926081AD95" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04BEE78C-D8E2-4FE9-B815-7628CD83F09D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias univentripinnis Costa & Cheffe 2005" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="univentripinnis">A. univentripinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 39) (Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="867D6B0A6074CE1D43B4A7F4AA9796A5" originalValue="Jaguarão">Jaguarao</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, lagoa Mirim basin, Brazil) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="103E0B25BECDC078D8E6F8EEC04DF710" pageNumber="141">
|
||
14b. Body depth 40.1-46.1% SL in males; pre-pelvic length 42.7-46.3% SL in males; length of dorsal-fin base 34.1-41.2% SL in males; 7-12 rows of bright dots on the flanks in males.. ...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBC8C1A8F1EDBA86155F71682DF65565" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">A. bellottii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 40-41) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D8E609C26524A5CA38D4A3BC34C6B81E" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Plata basin, Argentina) (Fig. 11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C90DA51F037F7EEB0A9C82B0E16099A" pageNumber="141">15a. (11b) Pectoral fin with a conspicuous black stripe on ventral margin of pectoral fin in males ................................................... 16</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F720D56CC60335E99DA38CBACFB3AEB9" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="57C0B0D5A0B2DA526B61D6783A29411F" pageNumber="142">15</pageStartToken>
|
||
b. No black stripe on pectoral fin in males ..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="962CD84A9468AFD07291951CFA1D9E1D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viarius">A. viarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 45) (River basins of southeastern Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9BA38ABB317AF0B9DEF40A1325A0BB35" pageNumber="142">16a. (15a) Juveniles and adult females, sometimes adult males, with a pair of black spots arranged vertically in close proximity, sometimes coalesced to form an 8-shaped blotch, on posterior portion of caudal peduncle.. ............................................. 17</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A431F36ADF26BCC8521E23EDFE8AF14F" pageNumber="142">
|
||
16b. No distinctive black mark on caudal peduncle (Fig. 44).............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E130FFE497D4B5FEFBFBCF2C42DCAF85" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7E7172F-5FD8-4443-AB99-59CE5DCB21D2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004:23" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arachan">A. arachan</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 44) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0610F3E86FD5D5AA221D5D789425C69E" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro and laguna Merin basins, Uruguay) (Fig. 18)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D864FC2B8FA8CA8B4ECB643CBEE3BE23" pageNumber="142">17a. (16a) Black bar on parietal series of neuromasts.. ................................................... 18</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C3341098AC57123A0CEB3A1EAF7E422" pageNumber="142">
|
||
17b. No black mark on parietal series of neuromasts ...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="758E3A0C3BEA371FF50C46EDFE0D088E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68A990E3-DEDD-45B8-A243-9ADA95AB49A1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001:182" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">A. charrua</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 46) (Lagoa Mirim basin, Brazil and Uruguay) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186443648FED7AF4E2E44F4DB9171544" pageNumber="142">18a. (17a) No distinctive black bar on the dorsal and anal fins in males; dots or elongate light spots on dorsal-fin base in males.. ........................................................... 19</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5FA4B63FE811388FC448B9F759BCF3B6" pageNumber="142">18b. Broad black bar on the posterior portion of the dorsal and anal fins; light blue bars on dorsal fin in males.. ............................................................................. 20</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4990500FCE1943642A3D2C1C8DB713A" pageNumber="142">
|
||
19a. (18a)Dorsal-fin origin posterior to anal-fin origin in both sexes; dark bars on caudal peduncle narrower than light interspace (Fig. 48).. ................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF939C606A8A1487217EE4069F0712FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adloffi">A. adloffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 48) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5ACB8A734FC29C9B3FEAF506880B0A8B" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="40922C8EA828774E09B20798CE72BC2A" originalValue="Guaíba">Guaiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, laguna dos Patos basin, Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8DC4650D4B3104AED148764A18138793" pageNumber="142">
|
||
19b. Dorsal-fin origin posterior to anal-fin origin in males, anterior to anal-fin origin in females; dark bars on caudal peduncle wider than light interspace.. ............... ..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1761A0CB894DA86CB8153E29C9FC48C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:030CB3A0-6C77-45BE-AD07-AADBEE8B0E5C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias minuano Costa & Cheffe 2001:185" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">A. minuano</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 47) (Coastal plains adjacent to laguna dos Patos, Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2F6FDF21B3E6918A60DED435F352403" pageNumber="142">20a. (18b) No light bars on anal fin in males.. ................................................................ 21</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3700E2E92BC474F0F1B4CEB333FBE6DD" pageNumber="142">
|
||
20b. Light blue bars on anal fin in males ...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D471A3DDB5FF6E2D95CED8E9ABA9B62" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B217B7-3D1F-459D-89A1-8242813EBC4E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe 2001:187" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatus">A. nigrofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 49) (Canal de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5F31A099F068332BDECED751B7785250" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78E81827FD5D18B496400715F2247C92" originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, laguna dos Patos basin, Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E59ED19D5B61397A99A4C2610638E296" pageNumber="142">
|
||
21a. (20a) Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 2nd and 4th anal-fin rays in males; snout length 12.6-15.3 % HL; head width 66.6-71.4 % HL ................................ ..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78246524114AED1B2CB91E6E8B64664F" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nachtigalli">A. nachtigalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 50) (Rio Grande and rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8BD9C26D02D6E834AE70EC4404180D8" originalValue="Jaguarão">Jaguarao</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainages, laguna Mirim basin, Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0134AD066E7005C617D29E3FA005ACB4" pageNumber="142">
|
||
21b. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through 1st or 2nd anal-fin ray, sometimes slightly anterior to anal-fin origin; snout length 16.4-18.6 % HL; head width 61.4-66.6 % HL.. ....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="503C09B18A5E8F12EBBEB37C8C342DC1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salviai">A. salviai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 51) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ED0E42203D45EFCE74B101A01364E7BB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B451BBB0080C4ADAA555068D9DF6347A" originalValue="Tacuarí">Tacuari</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, laguna Merin basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="273D3E69625C04F26AA8377909DFEABE" pageNumber="142">22a. (9b) Short filamentous rays on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males; supraorbital bar longer than infraorbital bar.. .............................................................. 23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="960C99259541EA39616ABCE07E6A06B0" pageNumber="142">
|
||
22b. Short filamentous rays on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males; supraorbital bar longer than infraorbital bar ...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA9DD9BCA5705DF044C5EEA0108A4FC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patriciae">A. patriciae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 37) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38A7F54B7874FCF80BE98323141D4195" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paraguay basin, Paraguay and Argentina) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4775905796DBFD6CF9805CA9E8D66B19" pageNumber="142">23a. (22a) Pectoral fins dark gray with bright blue iridescence in males.. ....................... 24</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EBDEAF343FF2920F0574AFADECFE5BDE" pageNumber="142">23b. Pectoral fins hyaline in males.. ......................................................................... 33</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDC84848AC7DECE0EA8DC965BDDA299F" lastPageNumber="143" pageNumber="142">
|
||
24a. (23a) Alternating dark gray and light bars with similar width on flank in males; a
|
||
<pageStartToken id="D73ACA69B057786646FD8D5DC90B7CCC" pageNumber="143">black</pageStartToken>
|
||
spot on anterior portion of anal fin .......................................................... 25
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99A27D4121BAC1348C30B92A246D0083" pageNumber="143">24b. Flank predominantly dark brown to black in males; no distinctive black spot on the anterior portion of anal fin.. ........................................................................ 26</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6660093D3FD0895B653BF826603FC29" pageNumber="143">
|
||
25a. (24a) Double vertical rows of bright blue dots on flank in males; anterior three bars of flank darker than posterior bars; anal-fin base 44.7-48.7 % in males .................. ...........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83AE6B650EE5115344AEDBBE84E3C7A6" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandri">A. alexandri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 25) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E681CC14AB6DF7A92BB53EB60C1E0B4B" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay floodplains, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B160A423F1B255BB9E6760828BFFC54" pageNumber="143">
|
||
25b. No bright dots on flank in males; anterior bars of flank as dark as posterior bars; anal-fin base 36.4-42.8 % SL in males ............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4736BB1FED3B2E6A8656EC45BB70716" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibicuiensis">A. ibicuiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 26) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC503CFA4234C6E4D062B471D8E397CA" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C395F2FD070C4873E3ACD89DC04F301" originalValue="Ibicuí">Ibicui</normalizedToken>
|
||
dranage, rio Uruguay basin, Brazil) (Fig. 52)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B8F5BB5E5FB45A3E9B69D6437CC54EB7" pageNumber="143">26a. (24b) Infraorbital bar wide, its dorsal portion approximately so wide as orbital diameter.................................................. 27</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2939DCF8F00AC17F2831BAD7CAC49D11" pageNumber="143">26b. Infraorbital bar narrow, conspicuously narrower than orbit .............................. 28</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F0913418EAC1C0B2BE12B20F3A9CB9BB" pageNumber="143">
|
||
27a. (26a) Dorsal-fin origin in a vertical anterior to anal-fin origin ................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A799C0BA2F60404193FFD955ACF5EAE5" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripinnis">A. nigripinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 27) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A7527C6771183C9BD57130C9896E6EE" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Plata and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B68A730CB79B58799CA588632081CFAD" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basins, Argentina and Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4087FD1E6EDBC988C3236F7A1F09D45E" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<caption id="CB9E4A0EFFC02BD8F5FFF6FA6EF56B34">27b. Dorsal-fin origin in a vertical posterior to anal-fin origin .....................................</caption>
|
||
........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B18CE1289CE91B752687806FBA35392" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranaensis">A. paranaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 28) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5719E30BE423F7CCC9594F92612FD1E0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDB46DF0A501BC1F6C2F002725A0D60E" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
floodplains, Paraguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B942F51D5ED9304B42FE7CFDD415FDB2" pageNumber="143">28a. (26b) Infraorbital neuromasts 1-2 + 19-23; preopercular neuromasts 15-21.. ........ 29</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="04F428867BE057D0A5ABBF8582F9A2D2" pageNumber="143">
|
||
28b. Infraorbital neuromasts 2 + 25-27; preopercular neuromasts 23-26 ...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48B71CCD6126238E50CC08508E3F684A" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">A. affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 29) (Upper
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9550BA41C228BB5FAF4A6C5B8E97F4DE" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro drainage,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E9BF20B64DF5A6D711C68FC2D6B2CDE9" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DAEF01511ECEE62BCCC8AED4FF8482B3" pageNumber="143">29a. (28a) Posterior margin of pectoral fin in males reaching a vertical between urogenital papilla and base of second anal-fin ray ............................................................. 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B6992F2695484C3376A6568C4C8C9970" pageNumber="143">29b. Posterior margin of pectoral fin in males reaching between base of 2nd and 6th anal-fin rays ....................................................................................................... 31</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A7EE7CB87FAAA9DBE3F6D71F11EEED6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
30a. (29a) Flank with vertical rows of blue dots in males, except sometimes narrow illdefined bars on anteriormost portion of flank; preopercular neuromasts 18-21; mandibular neuromasts 11-13 ..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38D294C1F0A7A139936C6DD07FB67967" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duraznensis">A. duraznensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 30) (Lower
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2FD06CA7FF3216D9A3DF26A0C49A151" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro drainage,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B3926C21C095F6CE21F6F677CA9C9DFB" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="30948293B314E5DF18D36A1331A18A35" pageNumber="143">
|
||
30b. Flank with well-defined bright blue bars on flank in males; preopercular neuromasts15-18; mandibular neuromasts 9-10 .......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEF5C67E0B0231E9B58CFC12ECD72003" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanlangi">A. juanlangi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 34) (Upper
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C0639FB576BE9B09CFA53A3624AB4D1C" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro drainage,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7455CD479ABB25511F7568C2E6E410FF" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, and lagoa Mirim basin, Brazil and Uruguay) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9557912AA9483A15DF01B27EB80955AE" pageNumber="143">31a. (29b) Flank with small round spots in females, spots always smaller than eye and separated among themselves by a broad space ....................................................... 32</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6BA45CCBBFDFF4608489921496D5B41A" lastPageNumber="144" pageNumber="143">
|
||
31b. Flank with vertically elongated dark gray spots in females, usually as large as eye, sometimes forming short bars ....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF9FF7E72F3A9828FED95D5FAAA551E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="periodicus">A. periodicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 33) (Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9B697D8314DFEC9A3C3DEE496046030" originalValue="Ibicuí">Ibicui</normalizedToken>
|
||
and rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B3FC8EA67DC1D62633DFCC3E5FBA8AE" originalValue="Quaraí">Quarai</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainages,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1F9BF45D8F1BD554CDD10643D7C18ACD" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, Brazil and Uruguay)
|
||
<pageStartToken id="A8627A7B8AECC0A611A010D80D1F2933" pageNumber="144">(</pageStartToken>
|
||
Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DAE941100602B7A50DA9675489087C2F" pageNumber="144">
|
||
32a. (31a) Flank approximately black with 12-22 vertical rows of bright blue dots in males; bright dots on entire unpaired fins, often forming subdistal series of close dots on dorsal fin ....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23B00235B1CB2754FCB62104CD19E395" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">A. cyaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 31) (Lower rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0716240793D71AFA0218FA31B1322C46" originalValue="Jacuí">Jacui</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, laguna dos Patos basin) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="78571A30C9D309D4911E8F027E043A51" pageNumber="144">
|
||
32b. Flank bluish gray, with 8-15 vertical rows of bright blue dots in males; bright dots of unpaired fins in males restricted to basal half of fins .......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC392646CF7B9F0E85759CB13A8C8BD" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litzi">A. litzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 32) (Upper rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E941ECBC7E02C929198F15B42540EFFB" originalValue="Jacuí">Jacui</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, laguna dos Patos basin) (Fig. 20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7412C0F202BAAD44579B66CFD29163F4" pageNumber="144">33a. (23b) Flank with dark bars alternating with bright areas in larger males; 3-4 + 9 gill rakers on first branchial arch; pelvic-fin bases medially separated by short interspace.............................................................. 34</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CDD7186BDEA3C3882E1E88928AA9AC2" pageNumber="144">33b. Flank dark gray without bars or bright marks in larger males; 3-4 + 11 gill rakers on first branchial arch; pelvic-fin bases medially united ............................. 35</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9AF80DC62AEA0D942DA70385528A4D07" pageNumber="144">
|
||
34a. (33a) 21-22 anal-fin rays in males ..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F903B7A5A5460B91252BDB82CA00EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">A. carvalhoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 35) (Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="788C62E4E82D9E232C5F68B4DF5190CC" originalValue="Iguaçu">Iguacu</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage, rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="158CB11546C6B50D05B84654F804DE66" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
basin, Brazil) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="545D91DF537F0099C8599381917E23DB" pageNumber="144">
|
||
34b. 23-26 anal-fin rays in males ..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E18EC228D24BEB54364F8B50CCCD9331" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC046AF7-14F6-448A-82E8-F3978CFBCB36" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias varzeae Costa, Reis & Behr 2004:14" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varzeae">A. varzeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 36) (Upper rio Uruguay basin, Brazil) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="80C0287D269EF1C7A8724C56F530358A" pageNumber="144">35a. (33b) Flank with vertically elongated spots and bars in females; one or two large, round dark gray to black spot on caudal peduncle end in females .................... 36</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8CCAFB5BA390CFDC950FBE3D7CDB3AF6" pageNumber="144">35b. Flank with rounded spots and no bars in females; no distinctive spot on caudal peduncle in females ........................................................................................... 37</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13273E55677F0F66565946BFF1C12BF1" pageNumber="144">
|
||
36a. (35a) Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 1st or 3rd anal-fin ray in males; flanks brownish gray in male, usually with narrow light gray vertical lines ........ .........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3A9171DAC3F88CDA99AEEFFF35BAD7F" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vazferreirai">A. vazferreirai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 13) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D6CBB75B4C0A6DDA029DA4F7279C8EE" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro and laguna Merin basins, Uruguay) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="820EF903C1457EBBFB262F51C41AE83D" pageNumber="144">
|
||
36b. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 3rd or 4th anal-fin rays in males; flank bluish gray in male, without light gray vertical lines ..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="582B9805B3170CFF2AF7D481503EF825" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">A. cinereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 12) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="662019ED48C028EB6B8BA126E5C260C8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Plata basin, Uruguay) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E0D94E21BC9FED0B663E39BFC45C602" pageNumber="144">
|
||
37a. (35b) Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 2nd or 3rd anal-fin ray in males, slightly anterior to anal-fin origin in females ................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5420AD22C8F7229183585E0D6D05C061" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">A. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 14-15) (Isolated coastal basins of northeastern Argentina, between mouth of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="981FED49EC178B47912D1A8D6BC9FFBC" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Plata and Mar del Plata) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B3AFE7AD84309142EE2B792C8CF8874" pageNumber="144">
|
||
37b. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 4th and 7th anal-fin rays in males, between base of 1st and 4th anal-fin rays in females ...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB21817235B3060CBEC60DD8C4B8FC54" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nonoiuliensis">A. nonoiuliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 16) (Upper
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B588977EE0BA3506C5750A2FF7C201A" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Salado drainage, lower
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5D9FA351033833F4DDF096A4B650E9D" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
de La Plata basin, northeastern Argentina) (Fig. 8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABF1497094AFD1D96AD38FE86D07CA9E" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="506565AC2B7F5C386000DF8511402038" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="43DEC2AB7C7DC83A9A6EEB33823D06FA" pageNumber="145">Discussion</pageStartToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC8FCCD583463D476216D0A0E481F59A" pageNumber="145">
|
||
The phylogenetic hypothesis derived from the analysis of morphological characters supports monophyly of the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="222B4485EFA10F3C2D4F8BD904EFD85B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7194234B36F3C7AF6080C4600DC9B0A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88823811-072D-4E95-AB68-11E30A796DE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Megalebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Megalebias Costa 1998:76" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as defined by Costa (2002a). This clade is also supported by molecular studies (e. g.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="97EAE490271AD02089BFCC15512277A5" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al., 2002). However, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA17E9736D8C795C0D454AFC01367AA7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88823811-072D-4E95-AB68-11E30A796DE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Megalebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Megalebias Costa 1998:76" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly supported by bootstrap values, monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5302B2B900A9E8EB2D3C0D6D1B45EDF3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu Costa (1998a) is supported by neither morphological nor molecular data (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="703A78068F4BC5B8B45C012092539B69" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al., 2002). To make the generic classification consistent with the most recent studies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A04A66595C549A080866810335F1819" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88823811-072D-4E95-AB68-11E30A796DE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Megalebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Megalebias Costa 1998:76" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9928AECF59E8D75B0F88AACC668B8921" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu Costa (1998a) are united into a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8FEC498338C1A861CB8B33BC9459327" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which monophyly is strongly supported and is easily diagnosed both by external morphological and osteological characters (see earlier generic diagnosis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EC84CBB4A9F82D50846B0B9EA7A657E" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F46FF1233B52B670156669CB1C811E9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
was separated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B98FA67141F7F3C2BE3661F3AB3A20B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of a series of morphological characters (Costa, 1998a), which are consistent with the present study. However,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE574C7536832BD63B5DD4AF2CE89B6C" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002) did not accept the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9200AEC338FB32F13B129F9BDA73E335" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, claiming that a previous study (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D99979683DB52C6E7D5A3E26AD09327E" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al., 2000) “... supports the monophyly of the genus [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="149F0CB1C71C095AEA7F6309AB4F8C4C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
] reinforcing the original taxonomical hypothesis” (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B73832B1287BE91628783E461F22662F" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al., 2002: 49). Surprisingly, no specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFA339AAB433D1AC545B3070A5EA7483" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu Costa (1998a, 2001) was analysed by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="01F5C86310655C404696104D33EE4B57" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2000) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4315AD5E5B2DA6A99AF263DED3A844F5" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002), making this justification inconsistent. In fact, studies by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0BF929F507571B2EF5532DCF2A235F13" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2000, 2002) strongly support the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E2F7A579AA0DF643C3F3048095BFFA3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In a more recent study, Loureiro, Azpelicueta &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32A49B6BB678FB34C227C61F999ED24A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2004) recognized the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BB08F99144489009678B374E2F72F79" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, placing a new species in this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A364A3745E2B7FF6776E8EABBF99BE2F" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F2673490D5FE9761DA6A2D280494153" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F181B290B6F792AEDA806C61CBDBC1C2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a monophyletic group, well supported by morphological characters (Costa, 2002a; and present study), they are considered to be distinct genera based on phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography. Both genera are well corroborated clades (Costa, 2001; and present study), easily identifiable both by scientists and aquarists; the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5348F648703A8B52C234116582A185F6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
is today well established both in the scientific and aquaristic literature; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCF3032D33810270DAC0760EAEEB8853" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="094560DB6E91527A0882CEA0CB885D1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as separate taxonomic entities, may be useful in biogeographic studies, since they exhibit disjunct distribution patterns and are endemic to different climatic regions.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA3432CD237C4D64B1AECFC6E944B902" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to temperate and subtropical areas in the Chaco and Pampas, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39169849450819EF5175DE4C7C74096B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the tropical Cerrado and Caatinga (Costa, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1114273799331173FADF3EDB81CF44" lastPageNumber="146" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2CFBD819F9B5A8BD40B8967B776AD87" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2000) analyzed 13 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98793A48E6798F979396593617955C62" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Fig. 53a). Subsenquently,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="50F2C4B81F0F5AC7C7ED8807A0EEF202" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002) incorporated eight additional
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D56BCB532A4FFF9D2C6A7D332FA31FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminal taxa, and examined a longer stretch of the cyt-b gene and two additional mitochondrial genes, finding a different result (Fig. 53b). However, the analysis by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DBC2860B7F67677E4101C43D223DD46A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002) shows some indication of errors. The cynolebiatine clade, comprising the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F25AB48F5173CF5828352A0A99E6F591" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D94C727DF5295A93BFB35F6ED771F48" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EACFF2B4B309AD391405CBF8E3769CF2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simpsonichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5821BDE3A8A28D285BEF57DD42150B1F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:19D48D4A-7785-4634-BAEF-790AEA500419" family="Rivulidae" genus="Nematolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nematolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nematolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52716EDEEB42ACC5E5E0784E26EA53D4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE400DE5-780B-498C-81D5-B7A4D36C7B18" family="Rivulidae" genus="Leptolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptolebias Cynolebias Myers 1952:140" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AD68BE699BADC80D8E4B53BF2A58872" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7188589-1C4C-45CC-B6E9-F46B1BE6BCEB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynopoecilus Regan 1912:642" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynopoecilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC36EFCAFBA40D0D740FE2AAD1CE4A48" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:861CC503-1469-43AA-AB09-4203A97B151C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Campellolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra de Soriano 1974:14" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Campellolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to Costa’s (1998a) classification, is strongly supported both by different morphological data (Costa, 1990, 1998a) and two independent molecular analyses (Hrbek & Larson, 1999; Murphy et al., 1999). However, according to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A2B334A7000559D1F6610E02B80B2C4" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002), this group would be paraphyletic, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="622A6C577E534A4AC3852AFF7F32EC45" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotaenia">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="27F0843DB352F397A115A4FB7A79EC9A" pageNumber="146">Cynopoecilus</pageStartToken>
|
||
melanotaenia
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Regan) more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7637A5A93203F82120F7D9F64FD80220" family="Rivulidae" genus="Plesiolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucopterus">Plesiolebias glaucopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Costa & Lacerda) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CA283A02275C96F563EFC04978E247F" family="Rivulidae" genus="Trigonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balzanii">Trigonectes balzanii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Perugia) than to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3FF7A4A66E9E4E42AEAB64E436A3A16" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BCCAAF408A79D67065E29B6EA0C302" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simpsonichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3AC724DCCAB05D14CC7F33F12A79ACC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE400DE5-780B-498C-81D5-B7A4D36C7B18" family="Rivulidae" genus="Leptolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptolebias Cynolebias Myers 1952:140" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, it would be desirable to perform new molecular analyses, preferentially including all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D085F9C837DB7EDBDDCF26AEA1BC1BC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger samples of different genes, with the goal of testing the present morphological phylogenetic hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3DBD046F2158AC5A2AED37DD0A9B5ECF">
|
||
<paragraph id="1CF48738A37951053E523606FEB36B50" pageNumber="146">
|
||
FIGURE 52. Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FE1143A415384647FC1FF7968CAB918" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandri">Austrolebias alexandri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5DE0F918B573F65686865D3780E446D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibicuiensis">A. ibicuiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22C02928184ADB86E9C3D301B86A028D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patriciae">A. patriciae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="907093926A164609A0413DE6067A9DD2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68A990E3-DEDD-45B8-A243-9ADA95AB49A1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001:182" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">A. charrua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0D2DEC1F326B1512A9FDB68B08CD085" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:030CB3A0-6C77-45BE-AD07-AADBEE8B0E5C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias minuano Costa & Cheffe 2001:185" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">A. minuano</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68E737AA654695645F156CE40D9C4F4C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adloffi">A. adloffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE320DC3B2FE108C573C4D0013577445" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B217B7-3D1F-459D-89A1-8242813EBC4E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe 2001:187" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatus">A. nigrofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF6C5F6C6C7FF9248BC29BE8B4261BBC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nachtigalli">A. nachtigalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="816C2E3D6106317D78D42BE50E346389" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salviai">A. salviai</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some symbols may represent more than one locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D964DC2FADD00EF3845E0F62B4853E16" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Despite the discrepancy between data presented by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D5172B7A386E5221EFFE9549B020A01" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002) and data discussed above, some zones of congruence between
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3C114B32B35063958CB60FC6E969F67" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al.’s (2002) molecular hypothesis and the present morphological analysis may be detected. Clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBCB1C5093C7C97B62CB5A19624683D4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
defined by morphological and molecular data are compared and discussed below (see also Fig. 54 for a strict consensus tree combining Fig. 1 and 53b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D657A5C1F10268DCB646D278BA5535D2" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99A987E57509C6C8DACA85E89E62C122" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="782BFBCE6D5E6D0703FBB995FB940C94" pageNumber="147">Austrolebias</pageStartToken>
|
||
robustus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Clade highly supported by morphology. Only two species considered valid in the present study were included in the molecular analysis, which were placed in a well-supported clade, thus indicating congruence between morphological and molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="837A742BCC7255CC0026CFC27FC29287">
|
||
<paragraph id="34C4659B68AC4FE6309884F0F6A67509" pageNumber="147">
|
||
FIGURE 53. Molecular hypotheses of relationships among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="035700DA5A010F1084B4F759920F1E9E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
, using unweighted parsimony analysis: a, modified from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12831FDB1F04396CB0DAD9E6E617E0A9" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2000); b, modified from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4FB9E6C7728303211A03736FA263407E" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2002). Numbers above branches are bootstrap values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="99EED9D2FAA129162F274B76515CE40E" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB48690B3A7E5BD8296EA538A67A4F42" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">Austrolebias elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Clade highly supported by morphological data. Also supported by molecular data, although two species were not included in the molecular analysis. This indicates congruence between morphological and molecular data, although presenting highly conflicting hypotheses of relationships among included species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BE0632F76F566BA66C182A252484E2F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A5B27F25422CC697FD3364BF24E2CE88" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<pageStartToken id="5598B19776FB19EFD010ECDC88EAE539" pageNumber="148">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
|
||
54. Strict consensus tree combining cladograms generated by morphological (the present paper) and molecular (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4D79B8190264278EDA7F66469E3187F3" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al., 2002) phylogenetic analyses. Dotted lines indicate taxa included only in the morphological analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A58EB2762EE5208E2DCCB2CCFEE814E5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C55694BA9215FB8C84F8A777348DAC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">Austrolebias robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C44D173165450B335F75E51388C6527" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">Austrolebias elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Clade supported by morphological data. According to molecular data, a clade comprising the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B37260E2FA9A16DE0879CB8E420A5E9" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">A. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DD74B276DE8F9DE1BB7C8D53541E258" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">A. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group also includes species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD88ECCC10E00792F8F5AC54C99F67" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">A. bellottii</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. This indicates a partial congruence between morphological and molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4178D78A38108CA3EA478FAC1E8C2AFD" lastPageNumber="149" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5613FA0A09AC5BF2D7F9274E1CE0EF4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandri">Austrolebias alexandri</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Clade supported by morphological data, but corroborated by molecular data only if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FBD7D935A7BC66D0B80F9FD65B691CB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripinnis">A. nigripinnis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is excluded, which would be the
|
||
<pageStartToken id="5E1B68CEC673C4A3560E10253ACEF5EC" pageNumber="149">most</pageStartToken>
|
||
basal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91F6DFDB6091E63D7F7577A1A28168A5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This indicates a partial congruence between morphological and molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66A43A6CA217B61B0EF61554959DD1BB" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C27C823E5EDD6A6F44F93904B2DBF4A4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">Austrolebias bellottii</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. A subclade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC4BF3E6873E8D2767F9A67C1E6E9463" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7E7172F-5FD8-4443-AB99-59CE5DCB21D2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004:23" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arachan">A. arachan</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE04887F7783D77C733D600A9B8D8B11" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viarius">A. viarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DBF893D3DD451A720575362690D05FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adloffi">A. adloffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is supported both by morphological and molecular data. However, according to molecular data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35F16DE77FB107B9845A49ECA9F1576F" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apaii">A. apaii</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be more closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65EB872CE7E7E498B9E6BD6F630C0F2D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">A. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83A535E94612841C50E67220569F4A77" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7E7172F-5FD8-4443-AB99-59CE5DCB21D2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004:23" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arachan">A. arachan</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C0B047C89B0D587D21F71B46FA6CC4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viarius">A. viarius</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD795C4FA3F65FD3C856E386924B21E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adloffi">A. adloffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Therefore, there is a partial congruence between morphological and molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B0CD31F6C194FE9EE3B3C4A108C4C1F" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88DF9725353041D6137C82C2DCB1FA94" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteoflammulatus">Austrolebias luteoflammulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA475966B0870C30332E83B0F1DB50C0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnoventris">A. gymnoventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Clade supported by molecular data. Both species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A70C33C922B29B0A1942512E05CE1849" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:129F5902-2C71-4C93-B999-FA124A15950C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias jaegari Costa & Cheffe 2002:84" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaegari">A. jaegari</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was not included in the molecular analysis, share an anteriorly positioned dorsal fin, which could be interpreted as synapomorphic. However, the morphological analysis does not corroborate monophyly of this assemblage. Thus, there is no congruence between morphological and molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |