261 lines
33 KiB
XML
261 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="C7ECC8B5874CAABDC742BB19DF29372C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276654" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f879be7d-17ad-488a-bb3a-6903ff5e8fa7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276654" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460225990942" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leonard, William P., Chichester, Lyle, Richart, Casey H. & Young, Tiffany A." docDate="2011" docId="039187F6FFB8FFA4FF3662F09E05FCF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02746p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2746" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Securicauda hermani Leonard, Chichester, Richart & Young, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFA8FF8EFFBBFFA2FFA162679F44FFBB" masterDocTitle="Securicauda hermani and Carinacauda stormi, two new genera and species of slug from the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Arionidae), with notes on Gliabates oregonius Webb 1959" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698238316338" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6ABC2795746124F9E27618B6E72A0932">Securicauda hermani and Carinacauda stormi, two new genera and species of slug from the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Arionidae), with notes on Gliabates oregonius Webb 1959</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6C409F3BD796304425B0378712904D90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2519D42BEE5AD5846E94E5A1DF6EB7CB">Leonard, William P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F3BDDD7E97679241A12D98B8856FAC">Chichester, Lyle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDAA16BD65906B67590C8022CDC45B84">Richart, Casey H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="167BC78B59C59B2F174F4338C89C81EB">Young, Tiffany A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="76197444A5F06EE547272EF637667565">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A80974A45F47EAD5147481ABEAB35927">
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<mods:date id="84850BCA277A31B6205C81BCA68AA494">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="374531B8A42A493043CD8A4C51282D61">2746</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E81C7505CA9F9BEC0BEC6637B492023C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276654</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039187F6FFB8FFA4FF3662F09E05FCF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685269" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119386343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685269" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187F6FFB8FFA4FF3662F09E05FCF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187F6FFB8FFA4FF3662F09E05FCF9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFB8FFA1FF3662F09E54FF69" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF3662F09D77FF0A" blockId="3.[151,563,151,210]" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0CF818CFFB8FFA1FF3662F09D77FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF3662F09D77FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB8FFA1FF3662F09ED8FF0A" ID-CoL="7T4JY" box="[151,412,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF3662F09ED8FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,412,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFB8FFA1FE0562F09D77FF0A" box="[420,563,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF3662DD9E54FF69" blockId="3.[151,563,151,210]" box="[151,272,186,210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFB8FFA1FF3662DD9F9EFF69" box="[151,218,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,660,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[396,1190,660,1460]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of paratypes of Securicauda hermani n. sp. A. Mannering Creek, Benwah County, Idaho; 10 mm extended length in movement (CM 103973). B. Hobo Cedar Grove, Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Shoshone County, Idaho; 10 mm extended length in movement (CM 104661)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFB8FFA1FF4762DD9FB2FF69" box="[230,246,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[256,1326,288,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[256,1327,287,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the genitalia of three specimens (C and D are different views of the same individual) of Securicauda hermani n. sp. from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho (CM 104661). AG = albumen gland; BW = body wall; E = epiphallus; FC = fertilization chamber; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OT = ovotestis; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SO = spermoviduct; SP = spermatheca; SPD = spermatheca duct; TR = tentacular retractor muscle; V = vagina; VD = vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276657/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFB8FFA1FEA362DD9E54FF69" box="[258,272,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,1117,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[396,1190,1117,1917]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. The penis of Securicauda hermani n. sp. from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho stained and mounted on a slide (CM 104661). E = epiphallus; N = nipple-like tip of verge; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SP = spermatheca; V = verge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276658/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFB8FFA1FF3663649E99FE11" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF3663649E99FE11" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF3663649FA5FEA0" bold="true" box="[151,225,259,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFB8FFA1FF3663649F9EFEA0" box="[151,218,259,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Types</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFB8FFA1FEBD63659E3AFEA1" box="[284,382,258,282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FE2A63659D51FEA1" box="[395,533,258,282]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104647" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104647</accessionNumber>
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) and one
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFB8FFA1FD2163649DA4FEA0" box="[640,736,259,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FD4E63659C33FEA1" box="[751,887,258,282]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104661" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104661</accessionNumber>
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) were collected on
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<date id="FF861020FFB8FFA1FBF063659A48FEA1" box="[1105,1292,258,282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" value="2009-10-17">17 October 2009</date>
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by W. Leonard and C. Richart on down woody debris in the riparian zone of Hobo Creek at Hobo Cedar Grove, Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Shoshone County. Additional
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFB8FFA1FD79632C9C07FED8" box="[728,835,331,355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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were collected by W. Leonard and C. Richart in the riparian zone of Mannering Creek, Benewah County, Idaho (
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FCC763099CB0FE3D" box="[870,1012,366,390]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM103973" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 103973</accessionNumber>
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) and along Merry Creek, Shoshone County, Idaho (
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FEE563F59E95FE11" box="[324,465,402,426]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104022" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104022</accessionNumber>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFB8FFA1FF6463D09E57FDAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF6463D09E57FDAD" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF6463D09E08FE74" bold="true" box="[197,332,439,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is in honor of Steven G. Herman,
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<collectingCountry id="F32F7670FFB8FFA1FC6063D19CA7FE75" box="[961,995,438,462]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Ph</collectingCountry>
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.D. A professor at The Evergreen State College since 1971, Dr. Herman has influenced hundreds of students and naturalists for decades in the Pacific Northwest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFB8FFA1FF6460459DF2FDE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF6460459DF2FDE5" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF6460459E1AFD80" bold="true" box="[197,350,546,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species is known from three localities at elevations ranging between
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<date id="FF861020FFB8FFA1FB3860459A7AFD81" box="[1177,1342,546,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" value="1060" valueMax="1300">
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1060 and
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<quantity id="4CC09B05FFB8FFA1FAA760459A7AFD81" box="[1286,1342,546,570]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300</quantity>
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</date>
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m asl in Shoshone and Benewah counties, Idaho (
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFB8FFA1FDC260219DE1FDE5" box="[611,677,582,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1019,1042]" captionTargetBox="[230,1383,195,995]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[204,1383,195,995]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Relief map of the Pacific Northwest United States showing the localities of Securicauda hermani n. sp. (●) and Carinacauda stormi n. sp. (․); the open symbols containing an " X " represent the type localities. Solid pyramid (˔) = type locality for Gliabates oregonius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276655/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF476668FFB8FFA1FF3667AE9DECF9A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[396,1190,660,1460]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF3667AE9DECF9A7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1481,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF3667AE9E51FA65" bold="true" box="[151,277,1481,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Photographs of paratypes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB8FFA1FDEB67AE9C61FA64" box="[586,805,1481,1503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FDEB67AE9C61FA64" box="[586,805,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FC8F67AD9C2DFA64" bold="true" box="[814,873,1482,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFB8FFA1FC8F67AD9C2DFA64" box="[814,873,1482,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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A. Mannering Creek, Benwah County, Idaho; 10 mm extended length in movement (
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FE6F678F9D09FA45" box="[462,589,1512,1534]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM103973" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 103973</accessionNumber>
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). B. Hobo Cedar Grove, Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Shoshone County, Idaho; 10 mm extended length in movement (
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB8FFA1FDBF64609DD9F9A7" box="[542,669,1542,1564]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104661" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104661</accessionNumber>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFB8FFA4FF64642E9E05FCF9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF64642E9A59F9DA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1609,2030]" box="[197,1309,1609,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF64642E9E12F9D9" bold="true" box="[197,342,1609,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FEFC642D9ED0F9DA" box="[349,404,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Size:</emphasis>
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Very small, mature adults from
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<quantity id="4CC09B05FFB8FFA1FD5C642E9C3AF9DA" box="[765,894,1609,1633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8 to 10 mm</quantity>
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extended length while in movement.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA1FF64640A9B6CF81E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1609,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF64640A9ED4F93E" box="[197,400,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">External features:</emphasis>
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Head extending a relatively short distance beyond the mantle; surface smooth with several fine, semi-parallel, longitudinal grooves. Mantle elliptical; covered with glandular lumps; with free flap anterior of pneumostome; posterior edge seated in a slight depression in body; 64 to 80% (mean=72%; SD=0.05; n=7) of length of extended body in movement and 62 to 81% (mean=75%; SD=0.07; n=15) of preserved individuals. Pneumostome slightly anterior to middle of right side of mantle. Sides of body smooth with a series of fine, semi-parallel grooves between edge of mantle and pedal groove. Tail 7 to 20% (mean=17%; SD=0.04; n=7) of length of the extended body in movement; with prominent mid-dorsal keel posterior to edge of mantle; with a series of parallel longitudinal ridges and furrows on sides beneath keel; without line of abscission; caudal mucus pore lacking. Sole undivided. Pedal groove present above foot margin. Foot fringe moderately wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB8FFA6FF6465D69F97FF4C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1609,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB8FFA1FF6465D69E0DF872" box="[197,329,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Coloration:</emphasis>
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Head tan; tentacles dark-brown or gray. Neck semi-translucent; adults with distinct white patch on right side. Mantle tan or gray with fine pale-blue flecking and dark-brown or gray blotches; usually with relatively broad lateral stripe on each side. Sides below mantle gray or tan. Tail light-brown with light-blue flecking, with or without dark-brown markings coincident with furrows. Sole pale-gray to beige with scattered white flecks. Mucus clear.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBFFFA6FF3665059F97F848" blockId="4.[151,1436,1890,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBFFFA6FF3665059E49F8C3" bold="true" box="[151,269,1890,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Photographs of the genitalia of three specimens (C and D are different views of the same individual) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBFFFA6FAF265049E74F82C" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBFFFA6FAF265049E74F82C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBFFFA6FE9465E59E2AF82C" bold="true" box="[309,366,1922,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFBFFFA6FE9465E59E2AF82C" box="[309,366,1922,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBFFFA6FCDD65E59CBFF82C" box="[892,1019,1921,1943]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104661" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104661</accessionNumber>
|
||
). AG = albumen gland; BW = body wall; E = epiphallus; FC = fertilization chamber; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OT = ovotestis; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SO = spermoviduct; SP = spermatheca; SPD = spermatheca duct; TR = tentacular retractor muscle; V = vagina; VD = vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF6662FF9D0BFF6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF6662FF9E97FF0B" box="[199,467,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Internal features. Shell:</emphasis>
|
||
Dome-shaped, situated toward rear of mantle; with marginal horny layer and fingernail-shaped, calcareous central portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF6462869BEFFE84" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF6462869E3AFF43" box="[197,382,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Jaw and radula:</emphasis>
|
||
Jaw a slender palisade arc composed of about 50 transverse inscribed subdivisions. Radula of typical arionid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54838842FFBEFFA7FEE563629E30FEA6" box="[324,372,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with tricuspid middle tooth and bicuspid laterals. Mesocones elongated and blade-like; ectocones much shorter and thorn-like, becoming increasingly shorter and blunter in lateral rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF64632B9B1EFCAE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF64632B9EF1FEDF" box="[197,437,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Reproductive system:</emphasis>
|
||
Ovotestis situated just under the posterior margin of the diaphragm and partially buried in the digestive gland; consisting of 15 or more lobules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBEFFA7FCAB63089C0AFE3C" box="[778,846,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[256,1326,288,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[256,1327,287,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of the genitalia of three specimens (C and D are different views of the same individual) of Securicauda hermani n. sp. from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho (CM 104661). AG = albumen gland; BW = body wall; E = epiphallus; FC = fertilization chamber; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OT = ovotestis; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SO = spermoviduct; SP = spermatheca; SPD = spermatheca duct; TR = tentacular retractor muscle; V = vagina; VD = vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hermaphroditic duct long and thick; leading to fertilization chamber; partially surrounded by very large albumen gland. Spermoviduct a bicolored coil that develops many digitate outgrowths in sexually mature individuals. Vagina a very broad, but shallow structure that leads directly to gonopore. Duct of the small ovoidal spermatheca very short, arising from the vagina near its junction with the spermoviduct. Vas deferens originating from spermoviduct just before spermoviduct-vagina junction; continuing over one face of the vagina and then ascending alongside of the penis to which it is loosely adherent.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F7670FFBEFFA7FAF560439A37FD87" box="[1364,1395,548,572]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the vas deferens approaches the top of penis it joins a very short U-shaped epiphallus that becomes partially buried in and wrapped around penis. Penis thick-walled. Penis retractor muscle especially robust, originating at the diaphragm; its muscle fibers insert in penis apex and continue internally into a large verge. Verge acorn-shaped with nipple-like projection at its free end. This projection serving as the opening for a duct that appears to connect with the buried portion of the epiphallus. Projection supported by very short rods that surround the duct opening.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBEFFA7FAFA60B09AD8FD54" box="[1371,1436,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,1117,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[396,1190,1117,1917]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. The penis of Securicauda hermani n. sp. from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho stained and mounted on a slide (CM 104661). E = epiphallus; N = nipple-like tip of verge; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SP = spermatheca; V = verge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the nipple-like tip and a portion of duct. Penis leading directly to the gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF6461479EFBFC1F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF6461479DD4FC83" box="[197,656,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Buccal and tentacular retractor muscles:</emphasis>
|
||
Paired buccal retractor muscles joining close to rear margin of buccal mass. The resulting broad retractor originates at rear middle of diaphragm very close to the ovotestis and a loop of the intestine. Optical tentacle retractors originating at lateral margins of diaphragm. Right-hand retractor passing between vagina and penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF6461D69EE0FB8F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF6461D69ECEFC73" box="[197,394,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Digestive system:</emphasis>
|
||
Esophagus leading to the very long, thin-walled crop that extends nearly to the rear limit of body cavity. Crop connecting to short stomach that turns toward left side where it gives rise to the short intestine that curves up and back to right side and toward the pneumostome. Paired ducts at crop-stomach junction lead to a pair of digestive glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF476668FFBEFFA7FF3665FF9E76F857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[396,1190,1117,1917]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBEFFA7FF3665FF9E76F857" blockId="5.[151,1436,1944,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FF3665FF9E49F815" bold="true" box="[151,269,1944,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. The penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBEFFA7FE0065FF9D3FF815" box="[417,635,1944,1966]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FE0065FF9D3FF815" box="[417,635,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBEFFA7FD2365FE9DFFF815" bold="true" box="[642,699,1945,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFBEFFA7FD2365FE9DFFF815" box="[642,699,1945,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Hobo Cedar Grove, Shoshone County, Idaho stained and mounted on a slide (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBEFFA7FEA665DF9EC2F876" box="[263,390,1975,1997]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104661" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104661</accessionNumber>
|
||
). E = epiphallus; N = nipple-like tip of verge; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SP = spermatheca; V = verge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6462FF9F8EFE5C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6462FF9EC2FF0B" bold="true" box="[197,390,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
This species’ range apparently is limited to areas of high winter snowfall in the Western Hemlock Zone of northern Idaho. Western Redcedar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FD5962DC9CCBFF68" box="[760,911,187,211]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FD5962DC9CCBFF68" box="[760,911,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Thuja plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a dominant tree species at the three known collection sites. All specimens were collected either on the underside of woody debris, especially long slender stems of Western Redcedar, or in moss. During the early spring this species has been found in upland forest up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B05FFBDFFA4FF3663459F94FE81" box="[151,208,290,314]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
from streams; however once the habitat conditions dried, detections were limited exclusively to mossy seeps, wetlands and stream margins. On several occasions we have found slugs on small woody debris that prior to its removal by us had been embedded up to several centimeters in the needle-duff layer. It appears that this species’ diminutive size enables it to move through spaces in the needle-litter layer, which is likely important in helping to modulate ambient temperature and moisture. Research is needed on the natural history and distribution of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6463959EB9FD2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6463959E93FDB0" bold="true" box="[197,471,498,523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Comparative anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
We place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FDEF63949C7AFDB0" box="[590,830,499,523]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FDEF63949C7AFDB0" box="[590,830,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FC2C63959CB9FDB1" box="[909,1021,498,522]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Arionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of its ribbed jaw, which is the only characteristic its shares with all other arionids. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FC4460729B8EFD96" box="[997,1226,533,557]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FC4460729B8EFD96" box="[997,1226,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it lacks an atrium and paired atrial accessory structures and has a very short epiphallus, partially buried in the penis. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FF77603B9E0EFDC8" box="[214,330,604,627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Kootenaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF77603B9E0EFDC8" box="[214,330,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Kootenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FE25603C9D4EFDC8" box="[388,522,603,627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Prophysaon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FE25603C9D4EFDC8" box="[388,522,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Prophysaon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by virtue of its keeled tail and from all other genera in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BA035BFFBDFFA4FB2C603D9BA6FDC9" box="[1165,1250,602,626]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,974,995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1054,1590]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of characteristics of Securicauda n. gen. and Carinacauda n. gen. with those of the other genera of Arionidae native to northwestern North America." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF476668FFBAFFA3FF3661A99DCFFBB8" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF476668FFBAFFA3FF3661A99DCFFBB8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
by its divergent buccal and tentacular retractors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6460F89E05FCF9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6460F89E8BFD03" bold="true" box="[197,463,671,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Additional comments.</emphasis>
|
||
We suggest the common name Rocky Mountain Axetail in recognition of the geographic area from which the species is known and to reflect the hypothesized close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FAEA60A49F9FFD46" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FAEA60A49F9FFD46" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Securicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FEB460829EEDFD46" box="[277,425,741,765]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FEB460829EEDFD46" box="[277,425,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Carinacauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name axetail was first applied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FCC860819C96FD46" box="[873,978,742,765]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FCC860819C96FD46" box="[873,978,742,765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">C. stormi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by John Applegarth of Eugene, Oregon due to the presence of a sharp mid-dorsal keel that, when the slug is contracted, protrudes upward suggesting the head of an axe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |