132 lines
20 KiB
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132 lines
20 KiB
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<document id="41FE92CD3460C23C484FA8FE543CF5FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="29016" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63e1a736-5a54-4bc8-9eb0-99b172ec3bc3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458734" ID-ZooBank="5C5A86AC-6FA4-46AD-9A89-068E9119DD28" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539289530301" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2018" docId="039187CAB95D3C00FF6B52E7BB0F3AAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Microcosmus helleri Herdman 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="408" masterDocId="FFA8FFB2B95A3C07FFFC5148BA763D09" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae" masterLastPageNumber="430" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="408" updateTime="1698578571020" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="445766E0CBDCA798009302A56DB8BEBB">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5BBC0FDAD6F0B43A1B4827FF7812C0B3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C8AE8A0D86238331651C44A0D1318270">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3A77CF2691F8D3B491FC56A01445FF79">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF1EFE4EA9B694BC5D8E57BE3454F0A3">2018-08-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="90E3A1AC95BBD127DB444BE98819EF05">4459</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039187CAB95D3C00FF6B52E7BB0F3AAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187CAB95D3C00FF6B52E7BB0F3AAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187CAB95D3C00FF6B52E7BB0F3AAB" lastPageNumber="408" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B95D3C00FF6B52E7BA8F3EE2" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B52E7B8273EC3" blockId="7.[151,593,943,1003]" box="[151,593,943,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<heading id="D0CF81B0B95D3C00FF6B52E7B8273EC3" bold="true" box="[151,593,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB95D3C00FF6B52E7B8273EC3" ID-CoL="6RG3S" authority="Herdman 1881" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,593,943,970]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helleri">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FF6B52E7B8273EC3" bold="true" box="[151,593,943,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FF6B52E7BBF93EC0" bold="true" box="[151,399,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Microcosmus helleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FE6A52F8B8273EC3" box="[406,593,944,970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8049" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1881) Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger Expedition part III. Proceedings of the Royal Society Edinburgh, 11, 52 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0370164600046782" type="journal article">Herdman 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B529ABA8F3EE2" blockId="7.[151,593,943,1003]" box="[151,249,978,1003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FF6B529ABAAB3EE2" box="[151,221,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FF16529BBA8F3EE2" box="[234,249,979,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microcosmus helleri. A, right part of the branchial sac (stained), scale bar = 1cm; B, oral siphon; C, dorsal tubercle (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B95D3C00FF6B5553BE123985" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B5553BE253946" blockId="7.[151,1436,1050,1164]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB95D3C00FF6B5553B86B3939" ID-CoL="6RG3S" authority="Herdman, 1881" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,541,1050,1072]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helleri">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FF6B5553BB1A3939" box="[151,364,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Microcosmus helleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FE845552B86B3939" box="[376,541,1050,1072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8049" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1881) Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger Expedition part III. Proceedings of the Royal Society Edinburgh, 11, 52 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0370164600046782" type="journal article">Herdman, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Northern Australia;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FCFF5553B9C53939" box="[771,947,1050,1072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref9520" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name 1921</bibRefCitation>
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, Western Atlantic and synonymy;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FAD65553BFEA3939" box="[1322,1436,1050,1072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8094" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 140." type="journal article">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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western and eastern Australia;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FE035571B8943946" box="[511,738,1081,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8602" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1994) Additions to the inventory of eastern tropical Atlantic ascidians; arrival of cosmopolitan species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54 (1), 71 - 93." type="journal article">Monniot C. & F. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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, Senegal;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FCB55571BE753946" box="[841,1027,1081,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref9080" refString="Rocha, R. M., Bonnet, N. Y. K., Baptista, M. S. & Beltramin, F. S. (2012 a) Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Zoologia, 29 (1), 39 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702012000100005" type="journal article">
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Rocha
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FC6C5572B9CB3946" box="[912,957,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al</emphasis>
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2012a
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B5511B9013967" blockId="7.[151,1436,1050,1164]" box="[151,887,1112,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB95D3C00FF6B5511B8533967" ID-CoL="73G45" authority="Michaelsen 1918" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,549,1112,1134]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goanus">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FF6B5511BB1B3967" box="[151,365,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Microcosmus goanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FE885510B8533967" box="[372,549,1112,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8241" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Ptychobranchien und Dictyobranchien Ascidien des westlichen Indischen Ozeans. Mitteilungen aus dem naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 35, 1 - 68." type="journal article">Michaelsen 1918</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB95D3C00FDD35510B8AB3967" box="[559,733,1112,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref8485" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, A n ° 4, 1021 - 1044." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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and synonymy
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B553EBE123985" blockId="7.[151,1436,1050,1164]" box="[151,1124,1142,1164]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Stations: AB: 149, 159, 181, 197, 356, 452. AD: 229, 241. AR: 101, 125. (MNHN S2 MIC 205)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B95D3C00FF6B55F1BB0F3AAB" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF6B55F1B9173B1F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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Solitary or aggregated the specimens have a wrinkled tunic covered with sand and epibionts (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FB1E55F1BF2E39DB" box="[1250,1368,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8A,B</figureCitation>
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). The siphons are well spaced with papillae. The internal side of the tunic on the body is purple. The reflex tunic inside both siphons, at its upper part, has brownish red longitudinal lines and no spinules. More internally at the oral siphon are 4 thin round lobes protruding into the siphon cavity (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FCA0546DB9C23837" box="[860,948,1317,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microcosmus helleri. A, right part of the branchial sac (stained), scale bar = 1cm; B, oral siphon; C, dorsal tubercle (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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). The internal tunic lining tightly adheres to a thin velum anterior to the bushy oral tentacles. The body wall has a strong musculature in crossed bundles (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FA935401BACD388F" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). The prepharyngeal band is double and curved dorsally to enclose a dorsal tubercle more or less protruding with inrolled horns (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FE8154D9BBA138A3" box="[381,471,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microcosmus helleri. A, right part of the branchial sac (stained), scale bar = 1cm; B, oral siphon; C, dorsal tubercle (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). The branchial sac has 6 high folds per side (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FC1C54D9BE4C38A3" box="[992,1082,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microcosmus helleri. A, right part of the branchial sac (stained), scale bar = 1cm; B, oral siphon; C, dorsal tubercle (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). The dorsal lamina has a plain edge. The transverse vessels are irregular and some of them particularly large are linked on their length to the body wall, gonads and gut reducing the space of the atrial cavity. The branchial formula on the right side of a specimen
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<quantity id="4CC09B39B95D3C00FF6B54B5BAAA3B1F" box="[151,220,1533,1558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5cm</quantity>
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large is: E- 2 (17) 4 (18) 4 (21) 4 (22) 4 (20) 4 (22) 2-DL
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF3B5769BEE43A3F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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The longitudinal vessels unite at their base without papillae. The gut and gonads are included into the body wall except the short gonoducts and the anus. The digestive tract forms a long closed loop along the endostyle (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FA93570DBACD3B8B" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). The stomach is covered by a large papillated digestive gland (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FC6D5721B99D3B8B" box="[913,1003,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). The intestine is narrow and the anus has 2 lobes. One lobe of the left gonad lies partly into the anterior part of the gut loop, 2 other lobes, not distinctly separated, are placed along the descending limb of the intestine (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FC8F57F9B9BA3BC3" box="[883,972,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). The right gonad in 2 or 3 close lobes is placed ventrally (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FEA7579DBBC23BE7" box="[347,436,1749,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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). The testis vesicles form a ramified tree lying between the ovary and the body wall and can be seen in transparency from the external side of the body wall. There is a ring of thin thread-like papillae at the base of the thin atrial velum which adheres to a thickened part of the tunic lining (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B95D3C00FBD15655BEF03A3F" box="[1069,1158,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,858,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[267,1325,858,1959]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microcosmus helleri. A, agglomerated specimens, scale bar = 1cm; B, isolated specimen; C, dissection, scale bar = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB95D3C00FF3B560ABB0F3AAB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB95D3C00FF3B560ABB4D3A50" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[199,315,1857,1881]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helleri">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FF3B560ABB4D3A50" box="[199,315,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">M. helleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widely distributed species, characterised among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB95D3C00FC1F560ABE0F3A50" box="[995,1145,1858,1881]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB95D3C00FC1F560ABE0F3A50" box="[995,1145,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Microcosmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having a sandy tunic, 6 branchial folds per side, absence of siphonal spinules and 4 large lobes at the inner base of the oral siphon, anterior to the oral tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |