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<document id="FD8A1EDA152AE27717670541831E3C18" ID-CLB-Dataset="20219" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91c8d5c2-9800-4c2f-9ceb-bfd0003e2cd1" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6360309" ID-ZooBank="FFBE273B-E85D-44B9-951A-B7EE05E00E6C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1647257285439" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valenciano, Alberto, Morales, Jorge &amp; Govender, Romala" docDate="2022" docId="039187B3693F5A1CFCAAFA9C0322FD7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab022.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Eucyon Tedford &amp; Qiu 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="FFA8FFCB693C5A18FFD4FFDA0103FF99" masterDocTitle="Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg ‘ E’ Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="366" pageNumber="369" updateTime="1699317969773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AA851AA265B031EF848368B0B90FB1D4">Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg ‘ E’ Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C322652E693F5A1BFCAAFA9C0438FAC6" box="[894,1339,1350,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCAAFA9C0438FAC6" blockId="3.[894,1339,1350,1375]" box="[894,1339,1350,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
<heading id="D0CF81C9693F5A1BFCAAFA9C0438FAC6" box="[894,1339,1350,1375]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" reason="2">
GENUS
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFC02FA9D0438FAC6" authority="TEDFORD &amp; QIU, 1996" authorityName="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[982,1339,1350,1375]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFC02FA9D0536FAC7" box="[982,1077,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">EUCYON</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFBEFFA9C0438FAC6" author="Tedford RH &amp; Qiu Z-X" box="[1083,1339,1350,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref19743" refString="Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X. 1996. A new canid genus from the Pliocene of Yushe, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 34: 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1996">TEDFORD &amp; QIU, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322652E693F5A1BFCFDFA5E044EFA6F" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCFDFA5E02B2FA21" blockId="3.[809,1426,1412,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
1993
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFCB8FA5F02C0FA03" authority="Valenciano &amp; Morales &amp; Govender, 2022" authorityName="Valenciano &amp; Morales &amp; Govender" authorityYear="2022" box="[876,963,1413,1434]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCB8FA5F02C0FA03" box="[876,963,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Eucyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F57CC693F5A1BFC19FA5E0535FA00" box="[973,1078,1412,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" rank="genus">nov. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Tedford &amp; Qiu,
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFAD3FA5E0482FA03" box="[1287,1409,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">in stampa</emphasis>
), Rook: 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCFDFA1B05F8FA4F" blockId="3.[809,1426,1412,1526]" box="[809,1275,1473,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
1996
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFCB2FA1802B9FA4E" authority="Valenciano &amp; Morales &amp; Govender, 2022" authorityName="Valenciano &amp; Morales &amp; Govender" authorityYear="2022" box="[870,954,1474,1495]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCB2FA1802B9FA4E" box="[870,954,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Eucyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F57CC693F5A1BFC15FA180520FA4E" box="[961,1059,1474,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" rank="genus">nov. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Tedford &amp; Qiu: 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCFDFA3A044EFA6F" blockId="3.[809,1426,1412,1526]" box="[809,1357,1504,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
2009
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFCB2FA3A0566FA6F" authority="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityName="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[870,1125,1504,1526]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCB2FA3A02B9FA6C" box="[870,954,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Eucyon</emphasis>
Tedford &amp; Qiu
</taxonomicName>
, in press, Rook: 726.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322652E693F5A1BFCFDF9CD0409F9B5" box="[809,1290,1558,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCFDF9CD0409F9B5" blockId="3.[809,1290,1558,1580]" box="[809,1290,1558,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCFDF9CD02BAF9B5" box="[809,953,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
<typeStatus id="54838807693F5A1BFCFDF9CD025DF9B5" box="[809,862,1559,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFC11F9CD0400F9B5" authority="Merriam, 1911" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1911" box="[965,1283,1558,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFC11F9CD0550F9B2" box="[965,1107,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Canis davisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFB8EF9CC0400F9B5" author="Merriam JC" box="[1114,1283,1558,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="199 - 304" refId="ref17753" refString="Merriam JC. 1911. Tertiary mammal beds of Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek in northwestern Nevada. Part II. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 6: 199 - 304." type="journal article" year="1911">Merriam, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322652E693F5A1BFCFDF98C05ECF910" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1BFCFDF98C05ECF910" blockId="3.[809,1425,1621,1674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCFDF98C02A3F9F2" box="[809,928,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
In
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFC1EF98F05B4F9F2" author="Tedford RH &amp; Qiu Z-X" box="[970,1207,1621,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref19743" refString="Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X. 1996. A new canid genus from the Pliocene of Yushe, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 34: 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1996">Tedford &amp; Qiu (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, revised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFAEEF98F02ADF913" author="Tedford RH &amp; Wang X-M &amp; Taylor BE" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref19934" refString="Tedford RH, Wang X-M, Taylor BE. 2009. Phylogenetic systematic of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="2009">
Tedford
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCFDF9AE0262F910" box="[809,865,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFC32F9AE05E4F913" author="Werdelin L &amp; Lewis ME &amp; Haile-Selassie Y" box="[998,1255,1652,1674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20687" refString="Werdelin L, Lewis ME, Haile-Selassie Y. 2014 b. A critical review of African species of Eucyon (Mammalia; Carnivora; Canidae), with a new species from the Pliocene of the Woranso-Mille Area, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Papers in Palaeontology 2014: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2014">
Werdelin
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFB80F9AE058FF910" box="[1108,1164,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
(2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322652E693F5A1CFCFDF9160322FD7D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8736A5693F5A1CFCFDF9160322FD7D" blockId="3.[809,1424,1740,1854]" lastBlockId="4.[163,780,197,740]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCFDF916029CF978" box="[809,927,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B54693F5A1BFC79F91605BCF97B" author="Tedford RH &amp; Qiu Z-X" box="[941,1215,1740,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref19743" refString="Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X. 1996. A new canid genus from the Pliocene of Yushe, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 34: 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1996">Tedford &amp; Qiu (1996)</bibRefCitation>
recognized that with
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFCB9F93102CAF899" authorityName="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[877,969,1771,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB7693F5A1BFCB9F93102CAF899" box="[877,969,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="369">Eucyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they were creating a paraphyletic taxon, due to its primitive position at the base of the Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C384D26693F5A1BFC1EF8F20521F8A7" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1817" box="[970,1058,1832,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Canini">Canini</taxonomicName>
. Despite this, the number of species attributed to the genus has been increasing progressively (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFE84FF3E033BFF63" author="Morales J &amp; Pickford M &amp; Soria D" box="[336,568,228,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="39 - 61" refId="ref17862" refString="Morales J, Pickford M, Soria D. 2005. Carnivores from the late miocene and basal pliocene of the Tugen Hills, Kenya. Revista de la Sociedad Geologica de Espana 18: 39 - 61." type="journal article" year="2005">
Morales
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFE63FF3F00F1FF60" box="[439,498,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFD93FF3E01D8FE81" author="Spassov N &amp; Rook L" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="123 - 133" refId="ref19263" refString="Spassov N, Rook L. 2006. Eucyon marinae sp. nov. (Mammalia, Carnivora), a new canid species from the Pliocene of Mongolia, with a review of forms referable to the genus. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112: 123 - 133." type="journal article" year="2006">Spassov &amp; Rook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFF3CFED9007FFE81" author="Garcia N" box="[232,380,259,281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="583 - 590" refId="ref16474" refString="Garcia N. 2008. New Eucyon remains from the Pliocene Aramis Member (Sagantole Formation), Middle Awash Valley (Ethiopia). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 583 - 590." type="journal article" year="2008">García, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFE5EFED90375FE81" author="Montoya P &amp; Morales J &amp; Abella J" box="[394,630,258,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="709 - 722" refId="ref17815" refString="Montoya P, Morales J, Abella J. 2009. Eucyon debonisi n. sp., a new Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the latest Miocene of Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain). Geodiversitas 31: 709 - 722." type="journal article" year="2009">
Montoya
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFE2CFED90332FE8E" box="[504,561,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFD50FED80207FE81" author="Rook L" box="[644,772,258,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="723 - 741" refId="ref18806" refString="Rook L. 2009. The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford &amp; Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio- Pliocene of the Old World. Geodiversitas 31: 723 - 741." type="journal article" year="2009">Rook, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFF77FEFB00BBFEAE" author="Werdelin L &amp; Lewis ME &amp; Haile-Selassie Y" box="[163,440,289,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20687" refString="Werdelin L, Lewis ME, Haile-Selassie Y. 2014 b. A critical review of African species of Eucyon (Mammalia; Carnivora; Canidae), with a new species from the Pliocene of the Woranso-Mille Area, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Papers in Palaeontology 2014: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2014">
Werdelin
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFEC8FEF80050FEAF" box="[284,339,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">et al</emphasis>
., 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFE12FEFB01DDFECC" author="Bartolini Lucenti S &amp; Rook L" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" refId="ref15769" refString="Bartolini Lucenti S, Rook L. 2020. &quot; Canis &quot; ferox revisited: diet ecomorphology of some long gone (late Miocene and Pliocene) fossil dogs. Journal of Mammal Evolution. Doi: 10.1007 / s 10914 - 020 - 09500 - 1." type="book" year="2020">Bartolini Lucenti &amp; Rook, 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Recently
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B5469385A1CFEA4FE9A0364FECF" author="Zrzavy J &amp; Duda P &amp; Robovsky J &amp; Okrinova I &amp; Pavelkova Ricankova V" box="[368,615,320,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" pagination="373 - 389" refId="ref20804" refString="Zrzavy J, Duda P, Robovsky J, Okrinova I, Pavelkova Ricankova V. 2018. Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils. Zoologica Scripta 47: 373 - 389." type="journal article" year="2018">
Zrzavý
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFE04FE9A030BFECC" box="[464,520,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
performed a phylogenetic analysis of living and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFD73FE840209FEED" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1817" box="[679,778,350,372]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="388" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caninae">Caninae</taxonomicName>
using morphological, developmental, ecological, behavioural and molecular characters. Only three
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFF77FE610061FE49" box="[163,354,442,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFF77FE6101FDFE49" box="[163,254,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">Eucyon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
were included in their analysis:
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFF77FE00000EFE77" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1911" box="[163,269,473,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFF77FE00000EFE77" box="[163,269,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">E. davisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="5483880769385A1CFECAFE000051FE76" box="[286,338,474,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus, and two Asian species:
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFEC7FE22007DFD94" authorityName="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[275,382,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhoui">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFEC7FE22007DFD94" box="[275,382,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">E. zhoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Lower Pliocene and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFF77FDCD0024FDB5" authorityName="Spassov &amp; Rook" authorityYear="2006" box="[163,295,535,556]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFF77FDCD0024FDB5" box="[163,295,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">E. marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper Pliocene.
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFDB7FDCD0208FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[611,779,534,556]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFDB7FDCD0208FDB2" box="[611,779,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">Eucyon davisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears as the basal species of the entire
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFDA0FDEF03C0FDD2" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1817" box="[628,707,565,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Canini">Canini</taxonomicName>
clade, while
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFF3EFD8E004AFDF0" authorityName="Tedford &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[234,329,596,617]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhoui">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFF3EFD8E004AFDF0" box="[234,329,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">E. zhoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFE56FD8E0307FDF0" authorityName="Spassov &amp; Rook" authorityYear="2006" box="[386,516,596,617]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinae">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFE56FD8E0307FDF0" box="[386,516,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">E. marinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nest in a paraphyletic basal clade to the subtribe
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFDDDFDA80364FD11" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1817" box="[521,615,626,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Canina">Canina</taxonomicName>
. These same authors point out the paraphyletic character of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C384D2669385A1CFF3BFD6A0030FD5C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[239,307,688,709]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAB769385A1CFF3BFD6A0030FD5C" box="[239,307,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="370">Canis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose species are grouped into at least two different and distant clades.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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