treatments-xml/data/03/9E/87/039E87DDC15F366AF8A0BBC5FBB3FC23.xml

<document id="9E116067BFDA4AB30F60480DC072EB62" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5353418" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5353418" ID-ZooBank="8ACD58CA-6661-473E-932B-476D810B2FE4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630210273566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lagos-Kutz, Doris, Voegtlin, D. J. &amp; Hartman, Glen" docDate="2017" docId="039E87DDC15F366AF8A0BBC5FBB3FC23" docLanguage="en" docName="0535.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2017 (535)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Aphis elena Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFA7FFA5C15C366EF860B844FFC9FFBA" masterDocTitle="Identification of a new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on distinct morphology rather than DNA barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699186968571" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="C24913C7D186BB4AEF09C1373505FFBC">Identification of a new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on distinct morphology rather than DNA barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="605A9D26E14A339F93BCF88C93653CD6">Lagos-Kutz, Doris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47D142A3F6D64E80201D0559C3186595">Voegtlin, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FFEC839E2BFD4BF669D40F746CF60639">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5BB7B7A71747BB38DCDFFBE73EA4D0D6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79BCC08EBE18C52889906C98724AC2D0">535</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C32D6540C15F366DF8A0BBC5FCC9FC23" box="[192,768,897,922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC15F366DF8A0BBC5FCC9FC23" blockId="3.[192,768,897,922]" box="[192,768,897,922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0C081A7C15F366DF8A0BBC5FCC9FC23" box="[192,768,897,922]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C15F366DF8A0BBC5FD52FC20" ID-CoL="8QSS4" authority="Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin" authorityName="Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin" authorityYear="2017" box="[192,667,897,922]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DF8A0BBC5FEA9FC23" bold="true" box="[192,352,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Aphis elena</emphasis>
Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057A2C15F366DFAC2BBC6FCC9FC23" box="[674,768,898,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6540C15F366DF8A0BB85FCDFFBC0" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC15F366DF8A0BB85FCDFFBC0" blockId="3.[192,1441,961,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DF8A0BB85FE99FC63" bold="true" box="[192,336,961,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Apterous viviparae similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C15F366DFAACBB86FC98FC63" authorityName="Glover" authorityYear="1877" box="[716,849,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DFAACBB86FC98FC63" box="[716,849,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">A. gossypii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distinguished by the ratio of the length of siphunculus to the length of the cauda (SIPH/CA), 1–1.6 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C15F366DFBF5BBA6FC30FC40" authorityName="Lagos-Kutz and Voegtlin" authorityYear="2017" box="[917,1017,994,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elena">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DFBF5BBA6FC30FC40" box="[917,1017,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">A. elena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 1.3–2.5 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C15F366DFCA8BBA6FA84FC43" authorityName="Glover" authorityYear="1877" box="[1224,1357,994,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DFCA8BBA6FA84FC43" box="[1224,1357,994,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">A. gossypii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Alate viviparae with few secondary sensoria in straight line restricted to antennal segments III (5–6) and IV (1–2). Distance from the base of antennal segment III to the first secondary sensorium (DBIII) 0.07–0.09. Forewing with median vein once-forked. Dark hind coxa. Cauda paler than siphunculus, with 6–7 setae. Ratio SIPH/CA=1–1.3. Marginal sclerites dusky.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6540C15F366DF8A0BCE5FE74F880" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC15F366DF8A0BCE5FE74FA60" blockId="3.[192,1441,1185,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DF8A0BCE5FB96FB03" bold="true" box="[192,1119,1185,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
Description. Apterous viviparae (n=22) (
<tableCitation id="C6B50370C15F366DFA98BCE5FCA8FB03" box="[760,865,1185,1209]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[192,262,194,215]" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters of A. elena sp. nov. For all measurements and counts the range is given and the mean is in parenthesis. All measurements are in millimeters." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="130C2A4EC15F366DFBCCBCE5FB99FB03" box="[940,1104,1185,1209]" captionStart="Figures 1–17" captionStartId="10.[192,288,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[301,1335,192,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-123@10.[301,1335,192,1713]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 1–17. Holotype (INHS: 511,252 collection number) of Aphis elena 1–8) Apterous vivipara. 1) Body. 2) Antennal segments: II–V. 3) Ultimate rostral segment. 4) Cauda. 5) Siphunculus and marginal tubercle on abdominal segment VII. 6) Marginal tubercle on abdominal segment I, and hind coxa. 7) Setae on subgenital plate. 8) Setae on abdominal tergite VIII. 9–17) Alate vivipara. 9) Body. 10) Fore wing. 11) Antennal segments: II–IV. 12) Ultimate rostral segment. 13) Siphunculus and marginal tubercle on abdominal segment VII. 14) Marginal tubercle on abdominal segment I, and hind coxa. 15) Setae on abdominal tergite VIII. 16) Cauda. 17) Setae on sub-genital plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5353420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5353420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figures 1–8</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Color in life (
<figureCitation id="130C2A4EC15F366DFD75BCE6FA5BFB00" box="[1301,1426,1186,1210]" captionStart="Figures 18–19" captionStartId="11.[192,290,699,721]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,678]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[192,1440,192,678]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 18–19. Colonies of aphids on their respective perennial host plants. 18) Aphis elena sp. nov. on Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. &amp; B.D. Jacks. ex B.L. Rob. &amp; Fernald. Photograph: David Voegtlin, emeritus University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. 19) Aphis monardae Oestlund on Monarda fistulosa L. Photograph: David Voegtlin, emeritus INHS of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5353422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5353422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figure 18</figureCitation>
): Head, thorax and abdomen dark green, covered with white wax. Color of cleared specimens: Head: dark. Six antennal segments, rarely five (not included in morphometry): first, second, fifth and base of last antennal segment dusky; the remainder pale or slightly dusky. Ultimate rostral segment (URS) reaches the hind coxae. Thorax: Coxae dusky. Trochanters paler than coxae. Femora slightly dusky on distal half, basal tips pale. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky. Abdomen: Cauda dusky and slightly spoon-shaped with inward curled setae. Siphunculi dark, imbricated with flange. Pre and post-siphuncular sclerite absent. Marginal sclerites pale. Marginal tubercles on abdominal II, III, and IV absent. Dorsum of abdomen without sclerites, cuticle with reticulation. Sub-genital plate dusky and complete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC15F366DF8A0BE45FE74F880" blockId="3.[192,1440,1537,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C15F366DF8A0BE45FCACF9A3" bold="true" box="[192,869,1537,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
Alate viviparae (n=6) (
<tableCitation id="C6B50370C15F366DF99ABE45FDABF9A3" box="[506,610,1537,1561]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[192,262,194,215]" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters of A. elena sp. nov. For all measurements and counts the range is given and the mean is in parenthesis. All measurements are in millimeters." pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="130C2A4EC15F366DFACABE45FC95F9A3" box="[682,860,1537,1561]" captionStart="Figures 1–17" captionStartId="10.[192,288,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[301,1335,192,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-123@10.[301,1335,192,1713]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 1–17. Holotype (INHS: 511,252 collection number) of Aphis elena 1–8) Apterous vivipara. 1) Body. 2) Antennal segments: II–V. 3) Ultimate rostral segment. 4) Cauda. 5) Siphunculus and marginal tubercle on abdominal segment VII. 6) Marginal tubercle on abdominal segment I, and hind coxa. 7) Setae on subgenital plate. 8) Setae on abdominal tergite VIII. 9–17) Alate vivipara. 9) Body. 10) Fore wing. 11) Antennal segments: II–IV. 12) Ultimate rostral segment. 13) Siphunculus and marginal tubercle on abdominal segment VII. 14) Marginal tubercle on abdominal segment I, and hind coxa. 15) Setae on abdominal tergite VIII. 16) Cauda. 17) Setae on sub-genital plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5353420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5353420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Figures 9–17</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Color of cleared specimens: Head: Head and thorax dark. First and second antennal segments darker than other segments. Secondary sensoria restricted to antennal segments III and IV, arranged in a single row. URS reaches hind coxae, with 2 accessory setae. Thorax: Fore and middle femora dusky throughout. Hind femora dark except on pale base. Coxae dark. Trochanters paler than coxae. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky or dark. Forewing with median vein once-forked. Abdomen: Cauda dusky, slightly spoon-shaped. Siphunculi dark, imbricated with flange. Marginal sclerites dusky. Pre-siphuncular sclerite absent. Postsiphuncular sclerite dusky. Marginal tubercles on abdominal II, III, and IV absent. Dorsum of abdomen with small transverse sclerites on VI, and VII and large transverse sclerite on VIII. Subgenital plate dusky and complete.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6540C158366AF8A0B886FB22FE20" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC158366AF8A0B886FB22FE20" blockId="4.[192,1440,193,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AF8A0B886FE47FF63" bold="true" box="[192,398,193,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C96C158366AF9F8B886FA98FEA3" collectingDate="2010-06-20" collectionCode="T, INHS" collectorName="Dur. &amp; B. D. Jacks. &amp; B. L. Rob. &amp; Fernald &amp; D. Lagos-Kutz." country="United States of America" county="Lake County" latitude="42.262" location="Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-87.8962" municipality="Apterous" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Illinois" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548C8869C158366AF9F8B886FDFAFF60" box="[408,563,194,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECACB1C158366AFA25B886FD7CFF60" box="[581,693,194,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Apterous</collectingMunicipality>
vivipara. 
<collectingCountry id="F320765BC158366AFB58B886FCBCFF60" box="[824,885,194,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">USA</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49F3F829C158366AFBE4B886FC14FF60" box="[900,989,194,218]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Illinois</collectingRegion>
; 
<collectingCounty id="62E94E47C158366AFB8DB886FB5BFF60" box="[1005,1170,194,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lake County</collectingCounty>
; 
<location id="8EE86010C158366AFCC1B886FE25FF43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DDC15F366AF8A0BBC5FBB3FC23:8EE86010C158366AFCC1B886FE25FF43" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" latitude="42.262" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-87.8962" municipality="Apterous" name="Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Illinois">
<location id="8EE86010C158366AFCC1B886FEBAFF43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DDC15F366AF8A0BBC5FBB3FC23:8EE86010C158366AFCC1B886FEBAFF43" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" latitude="42.262" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-87.8962" municipality="Apterous" name="Middlefork Savanna County Forest" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Illinois">
Middlefork Savanna 
<location id="8EE86010C158366AF8A0B8A6FEBAFF43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87DDC15F366AF8A0BBC5FBB3FC23:8EE86010C158366AF8A0B8A6FEBAFF43" box="[192,371,226,250]" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" latitude="42.262" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-87.8962" municipality="Apterous" name="County Forest Preserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Illinois">County Forest</location>
</location>
Preserve
</location>
; 
<collectedFrom id="382B7536C158366AF99BB8A6FC41FF43" box="[507,904,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C158366AFA43B8A6FC41FF43" box="[547,904,226,250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Pycnanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFA43B8A6FC41FF43" box="[547,904,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Pycnanthemum virginianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
(L.) 
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0EC158366AFBA7B8A6FC15FF43" box="[967,988,226,249]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFB8BB8A6FBEAFF43" box="[1003,1059,226,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Dur.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFC2DB8A6FB12FF40" box="[1101,1243,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B.D. Jacks.</collectorName>
ex 
<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFD6BB8A6FA48FF40" box="[1291,1409,226,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">B.L. Rob.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AF8A0B946FEEBFEA0" box="[192,290,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fernald</collectorName>
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500CC158366AF949B946FE7BFEA3" box="[297,434,258,282]" degrees="42.2620" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="42.262">42.2620° N</geoCoordinate>
x 
<geoCoordinate id="EE03500CC158366AF9AEB946FD97FEA3" box="[462,606,258,282]" degrees="87.8962" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="-87.8962">87.8962° W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FF89100BC158366AFA0AB946FD22FEA0" box="[618,747,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2010-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E3C158366AFA0AB946FD22FEA0" box="[618,747,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2010-06-20">20.vi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFA97B946FC79FEA0" box="[759,944,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">D. Lagos-Kutz.</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED26AE0EC158366AFBDFB946FBCEFEA0" box="[959,1031,258,282]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
Insect Collection 511,252)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3C96C158366AFD3CB946FE98FEC0" collectingDate="2010-06-20" collectorName="Lake County, IL" country="United States of America" county="Lake County" latitude="42.262" location="Middlefork Savanna County Forest Preserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-87.8962" municipality="County Forest Preserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Illinois" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="548C8869C158366AFD3CB946FECCFE80" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 4 alate viviparae, 25 apterous viviparae, 511,243-510,259, 
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Middlefork Savanna 
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Preserve
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x 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FF89100BC158366AFB38B906FC28FEE0" box="[856,993,322,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2010-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCDE9E3C158366AFB38B906FC28FEE0" box="[856,993,322,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2010-06-20">20.vi. 2010</collectingDate>
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, 
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on 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C158366AFC72B906FE98FEC0" authority=", D. Lagos-Kutz" authorityName="D. Lagos-Kutz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Pycnanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginianum">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFC72B906FAB5FEE3" box="[1042,1404,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Pycnanthemum virginianum,</emphasis>
D. Lagos-Kutz
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; 
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1 apterous vivipara, 511,363, 
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Middlefork Savanna 
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Preserve
</location>
, 
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x 
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, 
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, IL
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, 
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, on 
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<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFA87B9C6FC6EFE20" box="[743,935,386,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Pycnanthemum</collectorName>
virginianum,
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<collectorName id="26C2531DC158366AFC38B9C6FB21FE20" box="[1112,1256,386,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">D. Voegtlin</collectorName>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6540C158366AF8A0B985FD06FDE0" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC158366AF8A0B985FD06FDE0" blockId="4.[192,1441,449,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AF8A0B985FEF8FE63" bold="true" box="[192,305,449,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Biology.</emphasis>
Two collections of alate and apterous viviparae females of 
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<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFB99B986FB93FE60" box="[1017,1114,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">A. elena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in the summer (late June) of 2008 and 2010 on 
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<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFA2AB9A6FC65FE43" box="[586,940,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Pycnanthemum virginianum</emphasis>
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in Middlefork Savanna Forest Preserve, Lake Forest, Lake County, 
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. The sexual morph was not found. It is likely that because the host plant is perennial, this aphid overwinters on the same host plant. Further observations need to be done to learn more about the biology of 
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFA05BA06FD06FDE0" box="[613,719,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6540C158366AF8A0BAC6FBB3FC23" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC158366AF8A0BAC6FA55FD20" blockId="4.[192,1436,642,666]" box="[192,1436,642,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AF8A0BAC6FE95FD20" bold="true" box="[192,348,642,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after the first author’s daughter’s middle name, Katherine Elena.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836CBC158366AF8A0BA86FBB3FC23" blockId="4.[192,1440,705,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
Dichotomous keys to apterous and alate viviparous females of the 
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<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFB83BA85FBFBFD63" bold="true" box="[995,1074,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Aphis</emphasis>
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that feed on 
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in the North American Midwest. The dichotomous key presented below is based on specimens from collections made in the Midwest (may not be reliable in other geographic regions), and molecular data for specimens from these collections support our morphologically based identifications. Morphological data for these species is shown in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AF9CEBB06FD58FCE0" author="Lagos, D. M. &amp; D. J. Voegtlin &amp; A. Coeur &amp; R. Giordano" box="[430,657,834,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref4908" refString="Lagos, D. M., D. J. Voegtlin, A. Coeur d'acier, and R. Giordano. 2014. Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species groups found in the Midwestern United States and their contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the genus. Insect Science 21: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Lagos et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AFAFCBB06FC0DFCE0" author="Lagos-Kutz, D. &amp; C. Favret &amp; R. Giordano &amp; D. J. Voegtlin" box="[668,964,834,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref4966" refString="Lagos-Kutz, D., C. Favret, R. Giordano, and D. J. Voegtlin. 2014. Molecular and morphological differentiation between Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphididae) and related species, with particular reference to the North American Midwest. ZooKeys 459: 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="2014">Lagos-Kutz et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AFC65BB06FAA3FCE0" author="Blackman, R. L. &amp; V. F. Eastop" box="[1029,1386,834,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref3912" refString="Blackman, R. L., and V. F. Eastop. 2006. Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Vols 1 and 2. Wiley, Chichester (UK) and New York. 1439 p. (Available at ~ http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info. Last accessed December 2016.)" type="book" year="2006">Blackman and Eastop (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. For some comparative morphometric data of European specimens of 
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFBBDBB26FB1DFCC3" box="[989,1236,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C158366AFBBDBB26FB8CFCC0" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[989,1093,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabae">A. fabae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C158366AFC30BB26FB1DFCC3" authorityName="Glover" authorityYear="1877" box="[1104,1236,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">A. gossypii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C374D48C158366AFD72BB26FA69FCC3" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1843" box="[1298,1440,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasturtii">
<emphasis id="B943EAD9C158366AFD72BB26FA69FCC3" box="[1298,1440,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">A. nasturtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AF88EBBC6FE61FC20" author="Stroyan, H. L. G." box="[238,424,898,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref5292" refString="Stroyan, H. L. G. 1984. Aphids-Pterocommatinae and Aphidinae (Aphidini). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6. Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen's Gate, London. 232 p." type="book" year="1984">Stroyan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AF9D4BBC6FD8DFC20" author="Heie, O." box="[436,580,898,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4601" refString="Heie, O. 1986. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. III Family Aphididae: subfamily Pterocommatinae and tribe Aphidini of subfamily Aphidinae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 3 (17). 314 p." type="book" year="1986">Heie (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AFA30BBC6FD3FFC20" author="Brown, P. A." box="[592,758,898,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref3974" refString="Brown, P. A. 1989. Keys to the alate Aphis (Homoptera) of northern Europe. British Museum (Natural History), London. Systematic Entomology 5: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1989">Brown (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B3AC158366AFB53BBC6FBBFFC23" author="Garcia Prieto, F. &amp; A. Tinaut Ranera &amp; N. Perez Hidalgo &amp; J. M. Nieto Nafria" box="[819,1142,897,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="30 - 173" refId="ref4358" refString="Garcia Prieto, F., A. Tinaut Ranera, N. Perez Hidalgo, and J. M. Nieto Nafria. 2005. Genero Aphis Linnaeus, 1788. p. 30 - 173. In: J. M. Nieto Nafria, M. P. Mier Durante, F. Garcia Prieto, and N. Perez Hidalgo (eds.). Hemiptera Aphididae III. Fauna Iberica, Vol. 28. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC; Madrid. 364 p." type="book chapter" year="2005">García Prieto et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>