treatments-xml/data/03/82/67/0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450.xml

<document id="0DDE582EBBD20A2BDB219CB1027C917C" ID-DOI="10.14411/fp.2018.016" ID-ISSN="1803-6465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143564" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1689252925644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moravec, František &amp; Nagasawa, and Kazuya" docDate="2018" docId="0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450" docLanguage="en" docName="FoliaParasit.65.016.pdf" docOrigin="Folia Parasitologica (016) 65" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2018.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331.1:FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331" docStyleName="FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFBB1F65FFA8D613FF9FFFE98F63E007" masterDocTitle="Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, and new records of some other nematodes from inland fishes in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1690208137675" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E8509D86CB7E4CF145A1729542904341">Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, and new records of some other nematodes from inland fishes in Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C503F5ECBF41EE61DB0A87F2E765429B">Moravec, František</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="603BFDB5EF9C192DB1F3357C6D51910D">Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 3705 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3DE2EC3DB51E55AACCEA6CB32269697B">Nagasawa, and Kazuya</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="774DA388C14333664DF443CF38ABC8FC">Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1 - 4 - 4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739 - 8528, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C3318580FFA6D61DFF08FA768D9FE5B0" box="[151,764,1439,1463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFF08FA768D9FE5B0" blockId="14.[151,764,1439,1463]" box="[151,764,1439,1463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0DC6167FFA6D61DFF08FA768D9FE5B0" box="[151,764,1439,1463]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA6D61DFF08FA768D41E5B0" ID-CoL="8G3YK" ID-ENA="335498" authority="Polyanskiy, 1952" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,546,1439,1463]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA6D61DFF08FA768E06E5B0" bold="true" box="[151,357,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ascarophis arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFA6D61DFEF4FA768D41E5B0" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[363,546,1439,1463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFDE1FA768D9FE5B0" box="[638,764,1439,1463]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox-0="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetBox-2="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId-0="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetId-1="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId-2="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." captionText-2="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3318580FFA6D61CFF2AFA568DDDE817" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFF2AFA568A67E130" blockId="14.[150,777,1471,2071]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1438,191,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA6D61DFF2AFA568E23E5D0" bold="true" box="[181,320,1471,1495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
Small, whitish nematodes. Cuticle thick, with fine transverse striations (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFE40FA368D00E5F0" box="[479,611,1503,1527]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 13B,C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFDF1FA368DC3E5F0" box="[622,672,1503,1527]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14D</figureCitation>
). Cephalic end rounded, with two conspicuous conical pseudolabial terminal protrusions (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFE1FF9F68D66E630" box="[384,517,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs.12A–E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFD8EF9F68D00E630" box="[529,611,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13A–C</figureCitation>
). Oral aperture oval, with lateral extensions. Four submedian labia and 4 submedian flap-like sublabia well developed. Lateral pseudolabia well developed, each provided with conspicuous terminal protrusion; in apical view, flat inner parts of pseudolabia partly cover mouth and are distinctly dorsoventrally expanded, forming 2 (1 dorsolateral and 1 ventrolateral) extensions on each; inner margins of both pseudolabia dorsoventrally straight, parallel to each other (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFD05F8F68C67E730" box="[666,772,1823,1847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFF08F8D68F8AE750" box="[151,233,1855,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13A–D</figureCitation>
). Four elongate submedian cephalic papillae and pair of lateral amphids present (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFE65F8B68D00E770" box="[506,611,1887,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFDEEF8B68DA0E770" box="[625,707,1887,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13A–C</figureCitation>
). Vestibule (stoma) long, cylindrical, with small funnel-shaped prostom in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFE37F8768D4FE7B0" box="[424,556,1951,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12A–E</figureCitation>
). Glandular oesophagus in female 6–8 times longer than muscular; both parts of oesophagus distinctly separated from each other (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFF00F8168E60E810" box="[159,259,2047,2071]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Nerve ring encircles muscular oesophagus approximately at border of its first and second thirds; excretory pore located somewhat posterior to level of nerve ring; deirids very small, bifurcate, situated somewhat posterior to end of vestibule (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB9CFEF68BA3E130" box="[1027,1216,287,311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12A–C,E,G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB55FEF68B9BE130" box="[1226,1272,287,311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFCD4FED68B8EE3D0" blockId="14.[811,1438,191,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA6D61DFCD4FED68CE6E150" bold="true" box="[843,901,319,343]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Male</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D2D1D82FFA6D61DFC08FED68B73E150" box="[919,1040,319,343]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
with missing anterior part of body). Length of body fragment 3.56, maximum width 51. Incomplete glandular oesophagus 653 long, maximum width 45. Posterior end of body ventrally curved, provided with narrow caudal alae. Preanal papillae: 4 pairs of subventral pedunculate papillae present, of which first and second and third and fourth are shifted in relation to each other, alternating along margins of tail (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB33FDF68A4DE230" box="[1196,1326,543,567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12I,H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFAA1FDF68AF2E230" box="[1342,1425,543,567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14A–D</figureCitation>
). Postanal papillae: 6 pairs present, including 5 pairs of pedunculate subventral papillae and 1 pair of minute ventral sessile papillae located slightly posterior to level of last pair of subventrals (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB9BFD768B04E2B0" box="[1028,1127,671,695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFBECFD768BC0E2B0" box="[1139,1187,671,695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14B</figureCitation>
). Small median ventral caudal protuberance present at tail tip (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB48FD568A5EE2D0" box="[1239,1341,703,727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Ventral cuticular ridges (area rugosa) anterior to cloaca weakly developed, consisting of about 7 longitudinal tessellated ornamentations (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFC54FCF68B2AE330" box="[971,1097,799,823]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14C,D</figureCitation>
). Large (left) spicule 681 long, with pointed distal tip; its shaft 279 long, forming 41% of overall length of spicule (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFBDCFCB68BA3E370" box="[1091,1216,863,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12I,H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB53FCB68B9DE370" box="[1228,1278,863,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13G</figureCitation>
). Small (right) spicule boat-shaped, 81 long, with rounded distal end (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFCAAFC768CCBE3B0" box="[821,936,927,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12I,H</figureCitation>
). Length ratio of spicules 1: 8.4. Tail conical, 84 long, with rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFBD4FC568B82E3D0" box="[1099,1249,959,983]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14A,B,D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFCD4FC368AFEE710" blockId="14.[811,1438,191,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA6D61DFCD4FC368CFDE3F0" bold="true" box="[843,926,991,1015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Female</emphasis>
(6 gravid specimens with mature eggs). Length of body 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA6D61DFC10FC168B40E410" box="[911,1059,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="10.9" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="9.6" valueMax="10.9" valueMin="8.3">8.3–10.9 mm</quantity>
, maximum width 81–105. Height of cephalic protrusions 3. Vestibule including prostom 90–105 long; prostom 12 long, 12–15 wide. Length of muscular oesophagus 219–264, maximum width 18–27; length of glandular oesophagus 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA6D61DFB19FB968A47E490" box="[1158,1316,1151,1175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.89" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.555" valueMax="1.89" valueMin="1.22">1.22–1.89 mm</quantity>
, maximum width 42–57; length ratio of muscular and glandular parts of oesophagus 1: 5.6–7.6. Length of entire oesophagus and vestibule represents 17–22% of total body length. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids 162–198, 207–300 and 129–135, respectively, from anterior extremity. Vulva somewhat postequatorial, situated 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA6D61DFB5BFAD68A03E550" box="[1220,1376,1343,1367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" metricValueMax="6.09" metricValueMin="5.07" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="5.58" valueMax="6.09" valueMin="5.07">5.07–6.09 mm</quantity>
from anterior end of body, at 56–69% of body length; vulval lips not elevated. Vagina directed posteriorly from vulva. Amphidelphic. Uterus filled with numerous eggs. Mature eggs (containing larvae) oval, thick-walled, size 48–54 × 24–27; thickness of egg wall 4–5. Each pole of egg mostly with small knob provided with 2–5 thread-like filaments; knob on 1 pole somewhat larger than that on opposite pole, usually bearing 0–3 short, fine filaments and 2 thicker and longer filaments; filaments growing up from smaller knob relatively short and fine, 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA6D61DFBADF9968B16E690" box="[1074,1141,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
number (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB46F9968A22E690" box="[1241,1345,1663,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFAD4F9968AECE690" box="[1355,1423,1663,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14E,F</figureCitation>
); exceptionally knob and filaments present only on 1 pole of larvated egg (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFC5AF9568B4FE6D0" box="[965,1068,1727,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-111@17.[227,1361,189,1663]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges);D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14G</figureCitation>
). Tail conical, short, 39–57 long, with 2 lateral papilla-like phasmids near its tip, and a distinct small terminal knob-like projection (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFB75F9168A35E710" box="[1258,1366,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFA6D61DFAFDF9168AF3E710" box="[1378,1424,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFCB2F8C78BA6E764" blockId="14.[813,1437,1837,2050]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Host: Three-spined stickleback, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA6D61DFBF2F8C78C03E764" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA6D61DFBF2F8C78A2FE745" box="[1133,1356,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gasterosteus aculeatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA6D61DFCF2F8A48C9DE764" box="[877,1022,1869,1891]" family="Gasterosteidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gasterosteidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA6D61DFB98F8A48BD9E764" box="[1031,1210,1869,1891]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Gasterosteiformes</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFCB2F8868B30E782" blockId="14.[813,1437,1837,2050]" box="[813,1107,1903,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Site of infection: Stomach.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61DFCB2F8798BABE7C4" blockId="14.[813,1437,1837,2050]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<materialsCitation id="3B43DC56FFA6D61DFCB2F8798BA7E7C4" collectingDate="16 June 1996 and 19 June 2009" country="Japan" county="Tomakomai" location="Locality" municipality="Nishittapu River" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
<location id="8EF480D0FFA6D61DFCB2F8798CF1E7A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382671DFFA6D601FF08FA768BBAE450:8EF480D0FFA6D61DFCB2F8798CF1E7A1" box="[813,914,1936,1958]" country="Japan" county="Tomakomai" municipality="Nishittapu River" name="Locality" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Locality</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF04C71FFA6D61DFC03F8798B5DE7A1" box="[924,1086,1936,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nishittapu River</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62F5AE87FFA6D61DFBD8F8798BDFE7A1" box="[1095,1212,1936,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tomakomai</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EF18E9FFA6D61DFB59F8798A44E7A1" box="[1222,1319,1936,1958]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFA6D61DFAADF8798A0AE7A2" box="[1330,1385,1936,1957]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
(collected 
<collectingDate id="EFD10923FFA6D61DFC15F8448BDEE7C4" box="[906,1213,1965,1987]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<date id="FF95F0CBFFA6D61DFC15F8448B69E7C4" box="[906,1034,1965,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1996-06-16">16 June 1996</date>
and 
<date id="FF95F0CBFFA6D61DFBA6F8448BDEE7C4" box="[1081,1213,1965,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2009-06-19">19 June 2009</date>
</collectingDate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA6D61CFCB2F8278D2BE7E8" blockId="14.[813,1437,1837,2050]" lastBlockId="15.[151,776,1951,2064]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Total prevalence and intensity: 25% (3 fish infected/12 fish examined); 1–6 (mean 3) nematodes per fish. 1996: 1 fish infected, fish size not measured/1 fish examined; 3 nematodes. 2009: 18% (2 fish infected, 7.1 and 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA7D61CFD8AF8558D34E7D6" box="[533,599,1980,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="8.2">8.2 cm</quantity>
TL/11 fish examined, 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFA7D61CFF74F8308E35E7E8" box="[235,342,2009,2031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="7.9">7.9–9.1 cm</quantity>
TL); 1 and 6 nematodes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF548683FFA7D61CFF08F91B8C58E75B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" targetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA7D61CFF08F91B8C58E75B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1778,1885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFF08F91B8F87E700" bold="true" box="[151,228,1778,1800]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA7D61CFF73F91A8D33E70F" authority="Polyanskiy, 1952" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[236,592,1778,1801]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFF73F91A8EC2E70F" box="[236,417,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ascarophis arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFA7D61CFE36F91A8D33E70F" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[425,592,1778,1801]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA7D61CFD10F91A8C88E700" authority="Linnaeus. A" authorityName="Linnaeus. A" box="[655,1003,1778,1801]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFD10F91A8C0CE70F" box="[655,879,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gasterosteus aculeatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFC45F91B8C88E700" bold="true" box="[986,1003,1778,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– anterior end of female body, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFF06F8E68FC4E723" bold="true" box="[153,167,1807,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFF2CF8E78FA7E723" bold="true" box="[179,196,1806,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
– anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFCF3F8E68C1EE723" bold="true" box="[876,893,1807,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFC16F8E68CFAE723" bold="true" box="[905,921,1807,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
– vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFE88F8C28E45E747" bold="true" box="[279,294,1835,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F</emphasis>
– cephalic end of female, apical view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFD07F8C38DC8E747" bold="true" box="[664,683,1834,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
– deirid; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFC9AF8C28C7BE747" bold="true" box="[773,792,1835,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H</emphasis>
– posterior end of male, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFB1FF8C28BEAE747" bold="true" box="[1152,1161,1835,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I</emphasis>
– caudal end of male, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFF4CF8AE8FBCE75B" bold="true" box="[211,223,1863,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">J</emphasis>
– vulva, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFE2AF8AE8EABE75B" bold="true" box="[437,456,1863,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K</emphasis>
– tail of female, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFD76F8AE8D9AE75B" bold="true" box="[745,761,1863,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L</emphasis>
– egg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA7D61CFF08F8138DDDE817" blockId="15.[151,776,1951,2064]" box="[151,702,2042,2064]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Deposition of voucher specimens: IPCAS N-1153.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3318580FFA7D601FCD4F8768BBAE450" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFA7D603FCD4F8768EA1E710" blockId="15.[813,1437,1951,2072]" lastBlockId="16.[151,775,1727,2071]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFCD4F8768CD9E7B0" bold="true" box="[843,954,1951,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
The general morphology of the present nematodes from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA7D61CFC2AF8298B58E7D0" box="[949,1083,1983,2007]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFC2AF8298CA4E7D0" box="[949,967,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFC4AF8568B58E7D0" box="[981,1083,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that they belong to the nominotypical subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFA7D61CFBDDF8368AFFE7F0" authority="van Beneden, 1870" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[1090,1436,2015,2039]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFA7D61CFBDDF8368BDAE7F0" box="[1090,1209,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ascarophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFA7D61CFB5AF8098AFFE7F0" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." box="[1221,1436,2015,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref12294" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1870: Les poissons des cotes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commensaux. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1870">van Beneden, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFA7D61CFCFFF7E98BE2E810" author="MORAVEC F. &amp; JUSTINE J. - L." box="[864,1153,2047,2071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="341 - 349" refId="ref13567" refString="MORAVEC F., JUSTINE J. - L. 2009: Two cystidicolids (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia. Acta Par- asitol. 54: 341 - 349." type="journal article" year="2009">Moravec and Justine 2009</bibRefCitation>
) of the cystidicolid genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FF08F9568E89E6D0" authority="van Beneden, 1870" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,490,1727,1751]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF08F9568E6DE6D0" box="[151,270,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FE88F9298E89E6D0" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." box="[279,490,1727,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref12294" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1870: Les poissons des cotes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commensaux. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1870">van Beneden, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FD0FF9298C60E6D0" author="KO R. C." box="[656,771,1727,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref12928" refString="KO R. C. 1986: A preliminary review of the genus Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) of the gastrointestinal tract of fishes. Occasional Publications, Department of Zool- ogy, University of Hong Kong, 54 pp." type="book" year="1986">Ko (1986)</bibRefCitation>
. At present, 41 species of this genus are considered to be valid (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FF45F9168ED5E710" author="MORAVEC F. &amp; YOOYEN T. &amp; SANPRICK A." box="[218,438,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref14199" refString="MORAVEC F., YOOYEN T., SANPRICK A. 2018: Two nematode species from freshwater and marine fishes in Thailand, including Ascarophis scatophagi sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae) from Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae). Acta Parasitol. 63: 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="2018">Moravec et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF548683FFB8D603FF08F9CD8B11E689" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" targetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFB8D603FF08F9CD8B11E689" blockId="16.[151,1437,1572,1678]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF08F9CD8F80E63E" bold="true" box="[151,227,1572,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FF75F9CD8D28E63D" authority="Polyanskiy, 1952" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[234,587,1572,1594]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF75F9CD8EFDE63D" box="[234,414,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FE3AF9CD8D28E63D" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[421,587,1572,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FD18F9CC8CA5E63D" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[647,966,1572,1594]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FD18F9CC8C05E63E" box="[647,870,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gasterosteus aculeatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
, scanning electron micrographs. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FA9AF9CD8A50E63D" bold="true" box="[1285,1331,1572,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A–C</emphasis>
– cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FCBAF9A98C55E652" bold="true" box="[805,822,1600,1621]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
– region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF07F9B58FCBE676" bold="true" box="[152,168,1628,1649]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
– tail of female, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FE51F9B58EBEE676" bold="true" box="[462,477,1628,1649]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
– deirid; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FDA6F9B58D2FE675" bold="true" box="[569,588,1628,1650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
– distal end of left spicule, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FC47F9B58B3DE676" box="[984,1118,1628,1649]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abbreviations</emphasis>
: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFB8D603FF2AF8F68C11E810" blockId="16.[151,775,1727,2071]" lastBlockId="16.[813,1437,1727,2071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Only the following seven species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FD48F8C98F8BE750" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FD48F8C98F8BE750" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have filamented eggs and a large (left) spicule length similar to that of the species under study (681 µm): 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FF07F8698F9DE790" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[152,254,1920,1943]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF07F8698FCBE790" box="[152,168,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF2AF8698F9DE790" box="[181,254,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left spicule 500–980 µm long), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FDC0F8968D39E7B0" authority="Munoz et George-Nascimento, 2007" authorityName="Munoz et George-Nascimento" authorityYear="2007" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="draconi">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FDC0F8968FA7E7B0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis draconi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FF50F8498D39E7B0" author="MUNOZ G. &amp; GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M." box="[207,602,1951,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1178 - 1188" refId="ref14249" refString="MUNOZ G., GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M. 2007: Two new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in marine fishes from Chile. J. Parasitol. 93: 1178 - 1188." type="journal article" year="2007">Muñoz et George-Nascimento, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(482–640 µm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FF08F8568D7EE7D0" authority="Zhukov, 1960" authorityName="Zhukov" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,541,1983,2007]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="litoralica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FF08F8568E1AE7D0" box="[151,377,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis litoralica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FE1AF8568D7EE7D0" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[389,541,1983,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(590–670 µm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FD47F8298EBEE7F0" authority="(Szidat, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Szidat" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FD47F8298E5FE7F0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis marina</emphasis>
(Szidat, 1961)
</taxonomicName>
(405–600 µm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FD0DF8368EB8E810" authority="van Beneden, 1870" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FD0DF8368F9DE810" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis morrhuae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FE96F7E98EB8E810" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." box="[265,475,2047,2071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref12294" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1870: Les poissons des cotes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commensaux. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1870">van Beneden, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(500–790 µm), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FD0DF8168AFFE6D0" authority="(Munoz, Gonzalez et George-Nascimento, 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Munoz, Gonzalez et George-Nascimento" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[658,1436,1727,2071]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maulensis">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FD0DF8168CF5E6D0" box="[658,918,1727,2071]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis maulensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FC3CF9568AF6E6D0" author="MUNOZ G. &amp; GONZALEZ M. T. &amp; GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M." box="[931,1429,1727,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref14284" refString="MUNOZ G., GONZALEZ M. T., GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M. 2004: Similascarophis n. gen. n. spp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) parasitizing marine fishes off the Chilean coast. J. Parasitol. 90: 823 - 834." type="journal article" year="2004">Muñoz, González et George-Nascimento, 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(550–690 µm) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FC61F9368C01E710" authority="Moravec et Justine, 2007" authorityName="Moravec et Justine" authorityYear="2007" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="richeri">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FC61F9368BA0E6F0" box="[1022,1219,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis richeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FB54F9098C01E710" author="MORAVEC F. &amp; JUSTINE J. - L." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="238 - 246" refId="ref13515" refString="MORAVEC F., JUSTINE J. - L. 2007: A new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from the stomach of the marine scorpaeniform fish Hoplichthys citrinus from a seamount off the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia. Acta Parasitol. 52: 238 - 246." type="journal article" year="2007">Moravec et Justine, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(663–729 µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FB90F9168BA9E710" author="FERRER E. &amp; AZNAR F. J. &amp; BALBUENA J. A. &amp; KOSTADINOVA A. &amp; RAGA J. A. &amp; MORAVEC F." box="[1039,1226,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="335 - 344" refId="ref12467" refString="FERRER E., AZNAR F. J., BALBUENA J. A., KOSTADINOVA A., RAGA J. A., MORAVEC F. 2005: A new cystidicolid nematode from Mullus surmuletus (Perciformes: Mullidae) from the western Mediterranean. J. Parasitol. 91: 335 - 344." type="journal article" year="2005">Ferrer et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FB4AF8E98AFBE710" author="MUNOZ G. &amp; GONZALEZ M. T. &amp; GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M." box="[1237,1432,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref14284" refString="MUNOZ G., GONZALEZ M. T., GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M. 2004: Similascarophis n. gen. n. spp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) parasitizing marine fishes off the Chilean coast. J. Parasitol. 90: 823 - 834." type="journal article" year="2004">Muñoz et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FCB2F8C98B20E730" author="MORAVEC F. &amp; JUSTINE J. - L." box="[813,1091,1823,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="238 - 246" refId="ref13515" refString="MORAVEC F., JUSTINE J. - L. 2007: A new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from the stomach of the marine scorpaeniform fish Hoplichthys citrinus from a seamount off the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia. Acta Parasitol. 52: 238 - 246." type="journal article" year="2007">Moravec and Justine 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FBD1F8C98C05E750" author="MUNOZ G. &amp; GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1178 - 1188" refId="ref14249" refString="MUNOZ G., GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M. 2007: Two new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in marine fishes from Chile. J. Parasitol. 93: 1178 - 1188." type="journal article" year="2007">Muñoz and George-Nascimento 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Of these, however, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FBD4F8A98BD5E750" baseAuthorityName="Szidat" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1099,1206,1856,1879]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FBD4F8A98B38E750" box="[1099,1115,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FBF4F8A98BD5E750" box="[1131,1206,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FB59F8A98A2DE750" baseAuthorityName="Munoz, Gonzalez et George-Nascimento" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1222,1358,1855,1879]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maulensis">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FB59F8A98BB5E750" box="[1222,1238,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FB7AF8D68A2DE750" box="[1253,1358,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">maulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FA19F8A98C17E770" authorityName="Moravec et Justine" authorityYear="2007" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="richeri">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FA19F8A98AF5E750" box="[1414,1430,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FCB2F8B68C17E770" box="[813,884,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">richeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a different structure of the mouth and they belong to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FB8BF8968B22E7B0" authority="Munoz, Gonzalez et George-Nascimento, 2004" authorityName="Munoz, Gonzalez et George-Nascimento" authorityYear="2004" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Similascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FB8BF8968BD8E790" box="[1044,1211,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Similascarophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FB5BF8698B22E7B0" author="MUNOZ G. &amp; GONZALEZ M. T. &amp; GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref14284" refString="MUNOZ G., GONZALEZ M. T., GEORGE-NASCIMENTO M. 2004: Similascarophis n. gen. n. spp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) parasitizing marine fishes off the Chilean coast. J. Parasitol. 90: 823 - 834." type="journal article" year="2004">Muñoz, González et George-Nascimento, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB8D603FBE7F8498AF1E7B0" author="MORAVEC F. &amp; JUSTINE J. - L." box="[1144,1426,1951,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="238 - 246" refId="ref13515" refString="MORAVEC F., JUSTINE J. - L. 2007: A new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from the stomach of the marine scorpaeniform fish Hoplichthys citrinus from a seamount off the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia. Acta Parasitol. 52: 238 - 246." type="journal article" year="2007">Moravec and Justine 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The remaining four species are representatives of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FCC6F8368CAEE7F0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[857,973,2015,2039]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FCC6F8368CAEE7F0" box="[857,973,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as are the present specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB8D603FAD1F8098C08E810" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FAD1F8098A03E7F0" box="[1358,1376,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB8D603FAF1F8098C08E810" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF548683FFB9D602FF08F9768C6EE722" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143592/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,186,1695,1717]" targetBox="[227,1361,189,1663]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFB9D602FF08F9768C6EE722" blockId="17.[151,1437,1695,1829]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FF08F9768F81E6B3" bold="true" box="[151,226,1695,1717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FF78F9768D26E6B2" authority="Polyanskiy, 1952" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[231,581,1695,1717]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FF78F9768EF8E6B2" box="[231,411,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascarophis arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB9D602FE3EF9768D26E6B2" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[417,581,1695,1717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FDE1F9498CDFE6B2" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[638,956,1695,1717]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FDE1F9498C3FE6B3" box="[638,860,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gasterosteus aculeatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
, scanning electron micrographs. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FB69F9768A64E6B3" bold="true" box="[1270,1287,1695,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
– posterior end of male, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FEE7F9558EEBE6D6" bold="true" box="[376,392,1724,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
– tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FBBDF9528B50E6D6" bold="true" box="[1058,1075,1723,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
– precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges); 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FC22F9318CADE6EA" bold="true" box="[957,974,1752,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
– posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FC54F91D8CB8E70E" bold="true" box="[971,987,1780,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E</emphasis>
– broken female body with eggs; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FABDF91D8A52E70E" bold="true" box="[1314,1329,1780,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
– egg with filaments on both poles; 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FE1CF8E68EF5E722" bold="true" box="[387,406,1807,1829]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
– egg with filaments only on one pole.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFB9D602FF2AF8898B0AE7D0" blockId="17.[151,775,1887,2071]" lastBlockId="17.[813,1437,1887,2071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FEB7F8898EFEE770" authorityName="Munoz et George-Nascimento" authorityYear="2007" box="[296,413,1887,1911]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="draconi">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FEB7F8898E5BE770" box="[296,312,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FED5F8B68EFEE770" box="[330,413,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">draconi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has much longer males and females (males 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFB9D602FEAEF8968EA7E790" box="[305,452,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="11.6" valueMax="13.3" valueMin="9.9">9.9–13.3 mm</quantity>
, females 
<quantity id="4CD37BEEFFB9D602FDB0F8968DACE790" box="[559,719,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.475" metricValueMax="2.86" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="24.75" valueMax="28.6" valueMin="20.9">20.9–28.6 mm</quantity>
) and the eggs have two filaments on each pole; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FDC4F8498DBFE7B0" authorityName="Zhukov" authorityYear="1960" box="[603,732,1951,1975]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="litoralica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FDC4F8498D08E7B0" box="[603,619,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FDE6F8768DBFE7B0" box="[633,732,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">litoralica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also eggs with only two filaments on each pole, whereas its body measurements are similar to those of the present nematodes from 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFB9D602FECEF7E98EF2E810" box="[337,401,2048,2071]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FE47F7E98D28E810" authorityName="Munoz et George-Nascimento" authorityYear="2007" box="[472,587,2047,2071]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="draconi">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FE47F7E98E8BE810" box="[472,488,2048,2071]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FE67F8168D28E810" box="[504,587,2047,2071]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">draconi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FD1BF7E98C64E810" authorityName="Zhukov" authorityYear="1960" box="[644,775,2047,2071]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="litoralica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FD1BF7E98DF7E810" box="[644,660,2048,2071]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FD3BF8168C64E810" box="[676,775,2047,2071]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">litoralica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described from the Pacific Ocean (off 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFB9D602FB69F8B68A53E770" box="[1270,1328,1887,1911]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chile</collectingCountry>
and in the South-Kurile shallow waters, respectively) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFB9D602FA9BF8968AFBE790" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[1284,1432,1919,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov 1960</bibRefCitation>
, Muñoz and George-Nasciento 2007); the latter species has not yet been studied by SEM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFB9D601FCD4F8098E17E1F0" blockId="17.[813,1437,1887,2071]" lastBlockId="18.[151,777,191,2039]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Two other species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FBBBF8098BF2E7F0" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[1060,1169,2016,2039]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FBBBF8098B57E7F0" box="[1060,1076,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FBD9F8098BF2E7F0" box="[1094,1169,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FB52F8098A34E7F0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[1229,1367,2015,2039]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FB52F8098BBEE7F0" box="[1229,1245,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFB9D602FB71F8368A34E7F0" box="[1262,1367,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">morrhuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were reported from different marine fishes (mostly 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFB9D602FA81F8168AFFE810" box="[1310,1436,2047,2071]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Gadiformes</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF57FF568E1CE0D0" box="[200,383,191,215]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Scorpaeniformes</taxonomicName>
) in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, being separated from each other mainly by the number and arrangement of egg filaments (two filaments only on 
<specimenCount id="9D2D1D82FFBAD601FF08FEC98F88E13F" box="[151,235,288,312]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="egg">one egg</specimenCount>
pole in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FEDEFEC98EABE130" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[321,456,287,311]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FEDEFEC98E32E130" box="[321,337,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FEC0FEF68EABE130" box="[351,456,287,311]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">morrhuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and several filaments on both egg poles in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FEBFFEA98EEAE150" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[288,393,320,343]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FEBFFEA98E53E150" box="[288,304,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FEA1FEA98EEAE150" box="[318,393,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE3FFED68D34E150" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[416,599,319,343]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy 1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FDFEFED68DB8E150" author="APPY R. G." box="[609,731,319,343]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2193 - 2205" refId="ref12168" refString="APPY R. G. 1981: Species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1870 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in North Atlantic fishes. Can. J. Zool. 59: 2193 - 2205." type="journal article" year="1981">Appy 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FD79FEA98FB3E170" author="KO R. C." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref12928" refString="KO R. C. 1986: A preliminary review of the genus Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) of the gastrointestinal tract of fishes. Occasional Publications, Department of Zool- ogy, University of Hong Kong, 54 pp." type="book" year="1986">Ko 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FF7FFEB68D48E170" author="FAGERHOLM H. - P. &amp; BERLAND B." box="[224,555,351,375]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref12428" refString="FAGERHOLM H. - P., BERLAND B. 1988: Description of Ascarophis arctica Polyansky, 1952 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in Baltic Sea fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 11: 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="1988">Fagerholm and Berland 1988</bibRefCitation>
). However, as confirmed in this paper, the number and character of egg filaments may be rather variable within the same species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF06FE568E73E1D0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[153,272,447,471]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF06FE568E73E1D0" box="[153,272,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, therefore, should not be overestimated as a taxonomic feature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFBAD601FF2AFE168E60E2F0" blockId="18.[151,777,191,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE43FDE98D00E210" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[476,611,511,535]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE43FDE98E8FE210" box="[476,492,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE65FE168D00E210" box="[506,611,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">morrhuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FD13FDE98F9CE230" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref12294" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1870: Les poissons des cotes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commensaux. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1870">van Beneden (1870)</bibRefCitation>
was poor and, as pointed out by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FDC0FDF68C60E230" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[607,771,543,567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov (1960)</bibRefCitation>
, apparently more congeneric species were included under this name from different hosts by subsequent authors. Therefore, a detailed redescription of this 
<typeStatus id="549068A9FFBAD601FDFBFD698DF1E29F" box="[612,658,640,664]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF06FD768E6DE2B0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[153,270,671,695]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF06FD768E6DE2B0" box="[153,270,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on specimens newly collected from the 
<typeStatus id="549068A9FFBAD601FF07FD298FA5E2DF" box="[152,198,704,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
host and the 
<typeStatus id="549068A9FFBAD601FEC2FD298EE8E2DF" box="[349,395,704,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
locality (off the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FD3CFD568C62E2D0" box="[675,769,703,727]" name="Belgium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Belgium</collectingCountry>
) is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFBAD601FF2AFD168EC1E5D0" blockId="18.[151,777,191,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The general morphology of the present nematodes from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF4AFCC98E3CE330" box="[213,351,799,823]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF4AFCC98F8BE330" box="[213,232,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF66FCF68E3CE330" box="[249,351,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that these can be assigned, according to present criteria, to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE7FFCA98D28E350" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[480,587,832,855]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE7FFCA98E93E350" box="[480,496,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD9FFCA98D28E350" box="[512,587,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even though, as compared with the descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FD84FC898DEBE370" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[539,648,864,887]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD84FC898D48E370" box="[539,555,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDA2FC898DEBE370" box="[573,648,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other fish hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE8FFC968EA9E390" author="POLYANSKIY YU" box="[272,458,895,919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy 1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE48FC968D37E390" author="APPY R. G." box="[471,596,895,919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2193 - 2205" refId="ref12168" refString="APPY R. G. 1981: Species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1870 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in North Atlantic fishes. Can. J. Zool. 59: 2193 - 2205." type="journal article" year="1981">Appy 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FDFCFC968E49E3B0" author="FAGERHOLM H. - P. &amp; BERLAND B." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref12428" refString="FAGERHOLM H. - P., BERLAND B. 1988: Description of Ascarophis arctica Polyansky, 1952 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in Baltic Sea fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 11: 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="1988">Fagerholm and Berland 1988</bibRefCitation>
), the filaments on both poles of larvated eggs of these nematodes are less numerous (2–5 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDEAFC298DE8E3D0" box="[629,651,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vs</emphasis>
up to18 on each pole according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE0AFC368DB0E3F0" author="FAGERHOLM H. - P. &amp; BERLAND B." box="[405,723,991,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref12428" refString="FAGERHOLM H. - P., BERLAND B. 1988: Description of Ascarophis arctica Polyansky, 1952 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in Baltic Sea fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 11: 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="1988">Fagerholm and Berland 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and the knob from which filaments are growing is distictly smaller on 
<specimenCount id="9D2D1D82FFBAD601FE8AFBC98E0EE43F" box="[277,365,1056,1080]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="egg">one egg</specimenCount>
pole as compared to that on the opposite pole, and ventral precloacal ridges in the male are poorly developed (
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FEF8FB898E1EE470" box="[359,381,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vs</emphasis>
well developed). In addition to the presence of several filaments on each pole in the majority of larvated eggs, these nematodes possess flap-like sublabia (
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFBAD601FF58FB568E44E4D0" box="[199,295,1215,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[234,1362,201,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-106@15.[234,1375,189,1748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. A – anterior end of female body, lateral view; B, C – anterior end of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; D, E – vestibule of female, lateral and dorsoventral views, respectively; F – cephalic end of female, apical view; G – deirid; H – posterior end of male, lateral view; I – caudal end of male, lateral view; J – vulva, lateral view; K – tail of female, lateral view; L – egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143588/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs.12F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1310CA8EFFBAD601FEACFB568EE7E4D0" box="[307,388,1215,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[227,1361,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143590/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">13A–D</figureCitation>
), typical of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FD97FB298D12E4D0" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[520,625,1216,1239]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD97FB298D74E4D0" box="[520,535,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDB9FB298D12E4D0" box="[550,625,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as visible on SEM micrographs of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FEE5FB368D61E4F0" author="APPY R. G." box="[378,514,1247,1271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2193 - 2205" refId="ref12168" refString="APPY R. G. 1981: Species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1870 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in North Atlantic fishes. Can. J. Zool. 59: 2193 - 2205." type="journal article" year="1981">Appy (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FDABFB368E74E510" author="FAGERHOLM H. - P. &amp; BERLAND B." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref12428" refString="FAGERHOLM H. - P., BERLAND B. 1988: Description of Ascarophis arctica Polyansky, 1952 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in Baltic Sea fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 11: 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="1988">Fagerholm and Berland (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE24FAE98D21E510" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[443,578,1279,1303]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE24FAE98EA9E510" box="[443,458,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE46FB168D21E510" box="[473,578,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">morrhuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its 
<typeStatus id="549068A9FFBAD601FD3AFAE98DB0E51F" box="[677,723,1280,1304]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
host (
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF3FFAF68ED3E530" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[160,432,1311,1335]" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morhua">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF3FFAF68E21E530" box="[160,322,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gadus morhua</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
) have not yet been studied by SEM, but those from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE12FAA98C64E550" authority="(Lacepede)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" box="[397,775,1343,1367]" family="Gadidae" genus="Trisopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capellanus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE12FAA98DE6E550" box="[397,645,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trisopterus capellanus</emphasis>
(Lacépède)
</taxonomicName>
had distinctly bi-lobed sublabia (see fig. 75 of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FD07FA898D98E570" author="KO R. C." box="[664,763,1375,1399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref12928" refString="KO R. C. 1986: A preliminary review of the genus Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) of the gastrointestinal tract of fishes. Occasional Publications, Department of Zool- ogy, University of Hong Kong, 54 pp." type="book" year="1986">Ko 1986</bibRefCitation>
), although specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE26FA698FD9E5B0" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" family="Agonidae" genus="Agonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cataphractus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE26FA698DC3E590" box="[441,672,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Agonus cataphractus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, also considered by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE0CFA498D61E5B0" author="KO R. C." box="[403,514,1439,1463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref12928" refString="KO R. C. 1986: A preliminary review of the genus Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) of the gastrointestinal tract of fishes. Occasional Publications, Department of Zool- ogy, University of Hong Kong, 54 pp." type="book" year="1986">Ko (1986)</bibRefCitation>
to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FDDAFA498DAFE5B0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[581,716,1439,1463]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="morrhuae">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDDAFA498D36E5B0" box="[581,597,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDFCFA768DAFE5B0" box="[611,716,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">morrhuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possessed flap-like sublabia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFBAD601FF2AFA368CAEE0F0" blockId="18.[151,777,191,2039]" lastBlockId="18.[812,1438,191,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF2AFA368EE0E5F0" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[181,387,1503,1527]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF2AFA368EE0E5F0" box="[181,387,1503,1527]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from the stomach of the eelpout 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE26F9E98C64E610" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[441,775,1535,1559]" family="Zoarcidae" genus="Zoarces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viviparus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE26F9E98DE1E610" box="[441,642,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zoarces viviparus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF01F9F68E6EE630" box="[158,269,1567,1591]" family="Zoarcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Zoarcidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE83F9F68EFCE630" box="[284,415,1567,1591]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
) in the Barents Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FD10F9F68FADE650" author="POLYANSKIY YU" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref14611" refString="POLYANSKIY YU. I. 1952: [Some new and little-known parasitic nematodes from the intestine of marine fishes.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 12: 133 - 147. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1952">Polyanskiy 1952</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequently it was also reported from different marine, mostly gadiform and scorpaeniform fishes in the North Atlantic region (
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FE23F9968D73E690" box="[444,528,1663,1687]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
, Europe) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FD1BF9968C60E690" author="APPY R. G." box="[644,771,1663,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2193 - 2205" refId="ref12168" refString="APPY R. G. 1981: Species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1870 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in North Atlantic fishes. Can. J. Zool. 59: 2193 - 2205." type="journal article" year="1981">Appy 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FF08F9768EB2E6B0" author="FAGERHOLM H. - P. &amp; BERLAND B." box="[151,465,1695,1719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref12428" refString="FAGERHOLM H. - P., BERLAND B. 1988: Description of Ascarophis arctica Polyansky, 1952 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in Baltic Sea fishes. Syst. Parasitol. 11: 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="1988">Fagerholm and Berland 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The only record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FD30F9498FD3E6D0" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD30F9498DDCE6B0" box="[687,703,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD52F9498FD3E6D0" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FF6BF9298E18E6D0" box="[244,379,1727,1751]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FF6BF9298E65E6D0" box="[244,262,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE8AF9568E18E6D0" box="[277,379,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FE76F9298DE4E6D0" author="LEVSEN A." box="[489,647,1727,1751]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref13004" refString="LEVSEN A. 1992: Parasites of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from Norway, with emphasis on trichodinid ciliates. Fauna, Norsk Zoologisk Forenings Tidssrift, Oslo, 45: 40 - 48. (In Norwegian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1992">Levsen (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, who, without giving any morphological data, listed this nematode as a parasite of this fish species in western 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FDCCF8E98DCAE71F" box="[595,681,1792,1816]" name="Norway" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Norway</collectingCountry>
(Bergen area). Therefore, the present finding of this parasite in Japan represents the first record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FD99F8A98D11E750" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[518,626,1856,1879]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD99F8A98D75E750" box="[518,534,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDB8F8A98D11E750" box="[551,626,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region of the Pacific Ocean. Its host, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE7DF8898D08E770" box="[482,619,1887,1911]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE7DF8898E96E770" box="[482,501,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD9AF8B68D08E770" box="[517,619,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is distributed in circumarctic and temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FF66F8768D6AE7B0" author="FROESE R. &amp; PAULY D. &amp; EDS" box="[249,521,1951,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref12525" refString="FROESE R., PAULY D. (EDS.) 2018: FishBase. World Wide Web elec- tronic publication, http: // www. fishbase. org, version 03 / 2018." type="url" year="2018">Froese and Pauly 2018</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FDBDF8768FBCE7D0" author="HANEK G. &amp; THRELFALL W." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="901 - 907" refId="ref12663" refString="HANEK G., THRELFALL W. 1970: Parasites of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Newfoundland and Labrador. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 27: 901 - 907." type="journal article" year="1970">Hanek and Threlfall (1970)</bibRefCitation>
reported a different species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FDB0F8568DC5E7D0" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[559,678,1983,2007]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FDB0F8568DC5E7D0" box="[559,678,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD2AF8298DA6E7D0" box="[693,709,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD4CF8298FB6E7F0" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">morrhuae</emphasis>
, as a common parasite of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FE79F8098D0EE7F0" box="[486,621,2015,2039]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FE79F8098E9AE7F0" box="[486,505,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FD98F8368D0EE7F0" box="[519,621,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="49EF18E9FFBAD601FD12F8368C9DE0D0" box="[653,1022,191,2039]" country="Canada" name="Newfoundland and Labrador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Newfoundland and Labrador</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FB91FF568B02E0D0" box="[1038,1121,191,215]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
, but no morphological data were provided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFBAD601FCD4FF168BB1E1D0" blockId="18.[812,1438,191,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The Nishittapu River population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FB5DFEE98A24E110" box="[1218,1351,255,279]" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB5DFEE98A24E110" box="[1218,1351,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G. aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of both anadromous and fluvial indviduals (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FADAFEF68CB3E150" author="HIGUCHI, M. &amp; GOTO, A." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="257 - 259" refId="ref12701" refString="HIGUCHI, M., GOTO, A. 1994: [Population structure and process in speciation of three-spined stickleback.] In: A. Goto, K. Tsukamoto, K. Maekawa (Eds.), Freshwaters Fishes Migrating Between Rivers and Sea - Their Life History and Evolution. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 114 - 126, 257 - 259. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1994">Higuchi and Goto 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FC43FED68B76E150" author="HIGUCHI, M. &amp; GOTO, A." box="[988,1045,319,343]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12777" refString="HIGUCHI, M., GOTO, A. 1996: Genetic evidence supporting the existence of two distinct species in the genus Gasterosteus around Japan. Environ. Biol. Fishes 47: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
; they reported this river erroneously as the Nishikitappu River): the former individuals migrate to the sea for feeding and return to the river for spawning. The infected fish found in this study are considered to have become parasitised by 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FBBFFE298BEAE1D0" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[1056,1161,448,471]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FBBFFE298B53E1D0" box="[1056,1072,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FBA1FE298BEAE1D0" box="[1086,1161,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94D60BFFBAD601FCD4FE368BBAE450" blockId="18.[812,1438,191,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FC40FE098BFDE1F0" author="NAGASAWA K." box="[991,1182,479,504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="61 - 90" refId="ref14331" refString="NAGASAWA K. 2016: [A checklist of the parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Japan (1905 - 2016) - Part 1.] Bull. Hiroshima Univ. Mus. 8: 61 - 90. (In Japanese with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="2016">Nagasawa (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, to date the only record of a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FC48FE168B2DE210" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[983,1102,511,535]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FC48FE168B2DE210" box="[983,1102,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japanese inland fishes is that of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FCE7FDF68B44E230" author="MARGOLIS L." box="[888,1063,543,567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref13172" refString="MARGOLIS L. 1957: A study of the parasites of sockeye and pink salmon with particular attention to their application in distinguishing between Asiatic and North American stocks of these fish on the high seas - Report of results of examination of 1956 samples. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript Reports (Biol.), 641, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1957">Margolis (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, who reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FB59FDF68A01E230" box="[1222,1378,543,567]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB59FDF68A5EE230" box="[1222,1341,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from the pink salmon 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FC6AFDD68AFAE250" authority="(Walbaum)" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1013,1433,575,599]" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorbuscha">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FC6AFDD68A73E250" box="[1013,1296,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</emphasis>
(Walbaum)
</taxonomicName>
. Several years ago, we examined two damaged males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FCB2FD968CC7E290" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1870" box="[813,932,639,663]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FCB2FD968CC7E290" box="[813,932,639,663]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the stomach of the same host species (
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FCAAFD498CAEE2B0" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[821,973,671,695]" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorbuscha">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FCAAFD498C2BE2B0" box="[821,840,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FCC3FD768CAEE2B0" box="[860,973,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gorbuscha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the Shikiu River, 
<collectingRegion id="49EF18E9FFBAD601FB51FD768A54E2B0" box="[1230,1335,671,695]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
(collected 
<date id="FF95F0CBFFBAD601FCCEFD568B64E2D0" box="[849,1031,703,727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1981-08-14">14 August 1981</date>
), provided by Dr. Shigehiko Urawa (
<collectingRegion id="49EF18E9FFBAD601FCABFD368CFCE2F0" box="[820,927,735,759]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
National Fisheries Research Institute, Sapporo, unpublished). Since their left spicule was much shorter (264 and 288 µm) than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FB18FCC98B91E330" authorityName="Polyanskiy" authorityYear="1952" box="[1159,1266,800,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB18FCC98BF4E330" box="[1159,1175,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB38FCC98B91E330" box="[1191,1266,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they evidently belonged to a different species. However, having no conspecific females, their identification to species was impossible. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FCF2FC968B6DE390" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[877,1038,895,919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov (1960)</bibRefCitation>
reported seven 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FB27FC968A01E390" box="[1208,1378,895,919]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB27FC968A4CE390" box="[1208,1327,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
from marine fishes (not 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FC60FC768B1CE3B0" box="[1023,1151,927,951]" family="Salmonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salmonidae</taxonomicName>
) in the Sea of 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FAB1FC498A08E3B0" box="[1326,1387,928,951]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
and South-Kurile shallow waters, of which 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FB4DFC568C8FE3F0" authority="Zhukov, 1960" authorityName="Zhukov" authorityYear="1960" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FB4DFC568C32E3F0" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis japonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FCC7FC368C8FE3F0" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[856,1004,991,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FBBCFC368AFFE3F0" authority="Zhukov, 1960" authorityName="Zhukov" authorityYear="1960" box="[1059,1436,991,1015]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FBBCFC368A62E3F0" box="[1059,1281,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis pacificus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAABFAFFBAD601FA98FC368AFFE3F0" author="ZHUKOV E. V." box="[1287,1436,991,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 146" refId="ref15298" refString="ZHUKOV E. V. 1960: [Endoparasitic worms of fishes from the Ja- pan Sea and the South-Kurile shallow waters.] Tr. Zool. Inst. AN SSSR 28: 3 - 146. (In Russian with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1960">Zhukov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have the left spicule length similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FA9FFC168AFEE410" box="[1280,1437,1023,1047]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FA9FFC168A14E410" box="[1280,1399,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
parasitising 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FC2FFBC98B27E430" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[944,1092,1055,1079]" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorbuscha">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FC2FFBC98CA0E430" box="[944,963,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FC4CFBF68B27E430" box="[979,1092,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gorbuscha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More attention should be paid to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2BAD88FFBAD601FCD7FBD68C87E450" box="[840,996,1087,1111]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Ascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95F0A19FFBAD601FCD7FBD68CDCE450" box="[840,959,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascarophis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from salmon in 
<collectingCountry id="F33C969BFFBAD601FB0BFBA98BB7E450" box="[1172,1236,1088,1111]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>