384 lines
35 KiB
XML
384 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.736.20739" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03f2f637-79cd-46d2-b59a-cbb26ff28e8d" ID-PMC="PMC5906744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-736-79" ID-PubMed="30622399" ID-ZBK="529E026F95C14F22BC0C4B50A311B49F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-736-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 736" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of Phyllocnistis leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood (Cornus spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species" checkinTime="1518128003683" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kirichenko, Natalia, Triberti, Paolo, Kobayashi, Shigeki, Hirowatari, Toshiya, Doorenweerd, Camiel, Ohshima, Issei, Huang, Guo-Hua, Wang, Min, Magnoux, Emmanuelle & Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos" docDate="2018" docId="668A0F79F792A9BA69716F5652F6DA3A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 736: 79-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 736" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.736.20739" docTitle="Phyllocnistis indistincta Kobayashi & Triberti, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3B285BF9-59E0-4244-B480-8E3CEFAC0666" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FF9F200DFFC31B00986FFFCEFF892412" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Phyllocnistis leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood (Cornus spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668165428106" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics of Phyllocnistis leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood (Cornus spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kirichenko, Natalia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Triberti, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ohshima, Issei</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huang, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Magnoux, Emmanuelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>736</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.736.20739</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.736.20739</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-736-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">529E026F95C14F22BC0C4B50A311B49F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">529E026F95C14F22BC0C4B50A311B49F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="140563185" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B285BF9-59E0-4244-B480-8E3CEFAC0666" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/668A0F79F792A9BA69716F5652F6DA3A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3B285BF9-59E0-4244-B480-8E3CEFAC0666" authority="Kobayashi & Triberti" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis indistincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">Phyllocnistis indistincta Kobayashi & Triberti</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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This Latin adjective, declined in the feminine gender, means
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“indistinct”">"indistinct"</normalizedToken>
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. It is related to the longitudinal fascia in the forewing pattern that is basally indistinct in this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Forewing lustrous-white with a longitudinal white-yellow fascia and with an indistinct inner margin, three costal and four apical ciliary strigulae; male genitalia with phallus about as long as phallobase; female corpus bursae with two signa, similar in shape, the distal signa larger than the central signa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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Unlike other
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cornus</taxonomicName>
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-feeding
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllocnistis</taxonomicName>
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, the forewing pattern of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. indistincta" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="indistincta">P. indistincta</taxonomicName>
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has a well-defined outer margin of lf and an indistinct inner margin. Male genitalia differ from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saepta" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="saepta">P. saepta</taxonomicName>
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by the phallus (about as long as phallobase or slightly shorter in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. indistincta" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="indistincta">P. indistincta</taxonomicName>
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); female genitalia are only distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. verae" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="verae">P. verae</taxonomicName>
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by the size and the shape of the two signa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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Holotype (♂): Japan: Honshu, Menashi, Imai, Soni, Uda, Nara Prefecture,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="34.52">34.52N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="136.11">136.11E</geoCoordinate>
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, 630 m, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
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, 7.VI.2008 (larva), 16.VI.2008 em., SK853, S. Kobayashi leg. (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">149 (5♂, 19♀, 125 exs). All specimens were collected in Japan.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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Host
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
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: Honshu, 16 exs, Nasu-Kashidoro, Nasu Imperial Villa, Yumoto, Nasu, Tochigi Prefecture, 30.IX.2006, 1-10.X.2006 em., Rear. Nos 808-1-808-10, 809-1-809-5, K. Niimi leg.; 3 exs, same locality and data, 2.VIII.2007 col., 6-8.VIII.2007 em., 982-1-982-3; 1♂ 2♀ 2exs, Okuyamada, Takayama, Nagano Prefecture, 2.VIII.2010 (larva), 2-15.VIII.2010 em., MICRU068-16, MICRU067-16, SK323♂, TRB2020♂, S. Kobayashi leg.; 1♂ 3♀, Oshirakawa, Nagawa, Matumoto, Nagano Prefecture, 17.IX.2011 (larva), 29.IX.2011 em., S. Kobayashi leg. (deposited in OPU); 4 exs, Alps Park, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, 9.X.2015 (larva), 24.X.2015 em., S. Yagi & T. Hirowatari leg. (deposited in ELKU); 1 ex, Fuji-Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 3.VIII.2015 (larva), 11.VIII.2015 em., S. Kobayashi leg.; 1 ex,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="88" start="start">Kirara</pageBreakToken>
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, Dando, Shidara, Aichi Prefecture, 30.IX.2008 (larva), 6.X.2008 em., S. Kobayashi & T. Hirowatari leg.; 2♀ 4 exs, Mt. Mikusa, Nose, Osaka Prefecture, 21.V.2008 (larva), 30.V.-8.VI.2008 em., SK154, 322; S. Kobayashi & T. Hirowatari leg.; [Soni, Uda, Nara Prefecture, S. Kobayashi leg.]: 1♀, Konagao, 24.V.2008 (larva), 27.V.2008 em., SK146; 1♂ 1♀ 4 exs, Konagao, 11-8.VI.2008 (larva); 17.VI.2008 em., 1 ex, Konagao, 12.X.2008 (larva), 23.X.2008 em.; 2 exs, Kumatawa, Konagao, 30.V.2015 (larva), 3.VI.2015 em.; 1♀, Imai, 12.VII.2008 (larva), 15.VII.2008 em., SK148; 1 ex, Imai, 12.X.2008 (larva), 19-20.X.2008 em.; Menashi: 1♂ 2 exs, 23.V.2008 (larva),
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="89" start="start">3</pageBreakToken>
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-10.VI.2008 em., SK320; 1♀ 2 exs, 7.VI.2008 (larva), 16.VI.2008 em., SK321; 1 ex, 14.VI.2008 (larva), 20.VI.2008 em.; 1 ex, 17.VI.2008 (larva), 21-24.VI.2008 em.; 1 ex, 5.VII.2008 (larva); 17.VII.2008 em.; 4 exs, 3-4.VII.2009 em., 27.VI.2009 (larva); 1 ex, 17.VI.2017 (pupa), 27.VI.2017 em. Shikoku, 1 ex, Fagus-no-mori, Kamagatani, Sawadani, Naka, Tokushima Prefecture, 24.VIII.2010 col., 27.VIII.2010 em., S. Kobayashi leg. Kyushu, Hikosan, Fukuoka Prefecture, 6 exs, 6-10.VII.1954; 7 exs, 15-26.VI.1955, H. Kuroko leg. 2 exs, Kirishima Spa., Kagoshima, 6.X.1964, H. Kuroko leg. (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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Host
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="florida">C. florida</taxonomicName>
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: Honshu, [Menashi, Imai, Soni, Uda, Nara Prefecture, S. Kobayashi leg.]: 1♀, 7 exs, 26.VII.2008, 28.VII.-3.VIII.2008 em., SK164♀; 2♀ 17 exs, 27.VI.2009 (larva), 2-8.VII.2009 em., SK580 (vein); 1 ex, 19.VII.2010 (larva), 24-30.VII.2010; em.: 2 exs,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Okukōchi-Sansō">Okukōchi-Sansō</normalizedToken>
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, Imai, 17.VI.2017 (pupa), 27.VI.2017 em., mine on upper side of bracts. Kyushu, Fukuoka, 1.VII.2016 (larva), 1.VII.2016 (1 adult, em. 11.VII.2016, rearing No. IsO-777) (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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Host
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
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: Honshu, 8 exs, Nasu-Kashidoro, Nasu Imperial Villa, Yumoto, Nasu, Tochigi Prefecture, 28.VII.2006 (cocoon), 5-8.VIII.2006 em., M. Murase leg.; 3 exs, 1.X.2008(larva), 7.X.2008em., Ohyoriai, Nagawa, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, S. Kobayashi & T. Hirowatari leg.; Nara Prefecture: 2♀ 2 exs, Kawakami, 5.VIII.2011 (larva), 11-12.VIII.2011em., S. Kobayashi leg., slides TRB4151, TRB4153; 2exs, Tateriko, Nosegawa, 29.VII.2008 (larva), 4-18.VIII.2008 em., S. Kobayashi & T. Hirowatari leg.; Tottori Prefecture: 3exs, Mt. Daisen, 4.vii.1965, 9.VII.1965 em. (H. Kuroko), host: [Yamaboshi no
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sōhō">Sōhō</normalizedToken>
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= (bracts)] (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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Host
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. macrophylla" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="macrophylla">C. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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: Honshu, Nagano Prefecture, Matsumoto, N. Hirano leg.: 2 exs, Okada, 4-18.X.2004; 1 ex, Tomikusa, Anan, 30.VI.2006. 1♀, Tawamine, Konagao, Soni, Uda, Nara Prefecture, 24.V.2008 (larva), 27.V.2008 em. slide TRB4148, S. Kobayashi leg.; 2 exs, Same locality, 17.VII.2011 (larva), 20-25.VII.2011 em., S. Kobayashi leg.; 1 ex, Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture, 4.VII.1965, 12.VII.1965, H. Kuroko leg. (deposited in OPU). Kyushu, 1♂, 2♀, Ito campus (Kyushu Univ.), Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 26.V.2017 (larva), 31.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
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9.VI.2017 em., S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, K. M. M. Kyaw & C. Tsuji leg. (deposited in ELKU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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Pupa (6): Honshu, 1 ex, Oshirakawa, Nagawa, Matsumoto, Nagano,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
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, 17.IX.2011 (larva), 29.IX.2011 (preserved), S. Kobayashi leg.; Soni, Uda, Nara Prefecture, S. Kobayashi leg.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
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: 1 ex, Konagao, 4.VI.2011 (larva), 17.VI.2011 (preserved); 4 exs, Menashi, Imai, 17.VI.2017 (larva), 19.VI.2017 (preserved), (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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Larva (2): Honshu, 1 ex, Takayama, Gifu Prefecture,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. controversa" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="controversa">C. controversa</taxonomicName>
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, 6.X.2014, RMNH.INS.30395, E.J. van Nieukerken & S. Richter leg. (deposited in RMNH); Kyushu, 1 ex, Mt. Hikosan, Soeda, Fukuoka,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">Cornus kousa</taxonomicName>
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, 1.VII.2016, rearing No. IsO-764, I. Ohshima leg. (deposited in OPU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Description of adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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(Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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). Wing span 5.0 mm in holotype, 4.0-6.5 mm in paratype; forewing length 2.4 mm in holotype, 2.0-3.0 mm in paratypes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Head. Frons and vertex smooth, lustrous white. Antennae and labial palpi white yellowish.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="90" start="start">Thorax</pageBreakToken>
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. Tegulae, thorax and legs white. Forewing lustrous white, subapical area orange with a small apical black spot; a yellow-orange lf along costa from base to middle, margined with dark brown on both sides, then bent inwards distally, inner margin often indistinct in basal 2/3 not touching transverse fascia. Cilia white with a tf from costal 2/3 to dorsal 1/2, sometimes interrupted in the middle and three dark brown costal strigulae before apex; a black apical spot, giving origin to four divergent dark brown apical strigulae, one extending to upper part of costal cilia, the second and third to apex, the fourth to upper part of terminal cilia; terminal cilia white with a fuscous
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="91" start="start">fringe</pageBreakToken>
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line near termen. Hindwing lustrous white. This species and other members of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllocnistis</taxonomicName>
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share an R1 vein arising from the apical half of the discoidal cell in the forewing (Fig. 13;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawahara, AY" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="108" pagination="60 - 81" title="A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host use evolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12210" volume="42" year="2017">Kawahara et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. 4C).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Abdomen. Mostly white yellowish dorsally, white ventrally. In the male, coremata present on segment 8, consisting of a pair of elongate, dilated extensions bearing a terminal cluster of long slender scales. In the female, dorsally on segment 8, a pair of tufts of scales longer than those covering the segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Male genitalia (Fig. 14). Tegumen elongate, touching apex of valvae, membranous, ventro-basally setose with 22 to 46 setae of varying length. Valva slender, broaded 1/4 to apex, transtilla arising from base of valva as an elongate, acute process (Fig. 14B, F); vinculum well developed, U-shaped; phallus slender, weakly sclerotised, externally finely wrinkled, about as long as phallobase or slightly shorter, cornuti absent (Fig. 14C, D).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Female genitalia (Fig. 16). Anterior apophyses slightly longer than posterior apophyses; ostium bursae opening in membrane between sternum 7 and 8; antrum membranous, funnel-shaped, narrowing slightly up to the size of the ductus bursae; ductus bursae completely membranous, slender, as long as antrum and terminating in the caudal area of corpus bursae; two signa are here present, usually similar in shape, the caudal bigger than central one, each with a single, short, median projection, but sometimes this projection, usually spine-shaped, is furcate or very reduced; on the wall around signa, minute scattered sclerites, thinner in the remainder of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis elongate, slightly larger than ductus bursae and arising from anterior end of corpus bursae; ductus spermathecae (not figured) with efferent canal short, forming 3 coils of equal diameter before vesicle.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="pupa">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Pupa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
||
(Fig. 18). Maximum length 2.8 mm, diameter 0.8 mm. Vertex with a triangular frontal process (cocoon-cutter), minutely serrated in profile and with elongated and thin apex curved towards dorsum (Fig. 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
); a single pair of short setae at base of frons (clypeus) (Fig. 18A); antenna extending to abdominal segment A6. A pair of relatively long setae latero-dorsally on meso- and metathorax; forewing extending to A6-7. A pair of minute dorsal setae from A1 to A8 with a second pair of large thorn-like setae, more distal, from A3 to A8, delimiting an elongated area of minute spines, projected posteriorly, from A3 to A8 (Fig. 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
); each abdominal segment with a pair of long, lateral, sensory setae, probably covered by the wings in A1; a pair of divergent lobate processes from caudal apex of A10 (Fig. 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
||
(Figs 3-6). The larvae mine leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus" order="Cornales" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cornus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, forming a long serpentine mine parallel to leaf veins (Figs 3, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
and L); about 10 cm in length, 2.0-5.0 mm in width, with a brownish frass line 1.0 mm in width. There were one to two mines per leaf (Figs 3, 5D and J). The mines were usually observed on the lower side of leaf on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. controversa" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="controversa">C. controversa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
), more often on upper side of leaf on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florida" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="florida">C. florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Late instar larvae are about 4.0-6.0 mm long and pale yellow in colouration (Fig. 4H). The final instar spins a white cocoon at the leaf margin, the leaf margin slightly curled upwards by contraction of the cocoon silk. The pupal cocoon fold is 5.0 mm in length, 1.0-1.1 mm in width (Fig. 4I). Dr H. Kuroko collected adult moths of this species in Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="92" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
flower bracts with mines containing larvae. In the present study, two bracts were observed of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="florida">C. florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
with similar serpentine mines (pale pink to ocherous, about 15 cm in length, 0.5-2.0 mm in width, brownish frass line: 0.1-0.2 mm in width) (Figs 3K, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). A pupal cocoon fold (whitish to ocherous, 5.7 mm in length, 1.0 mm in width) was formed along the bract margin (Fig. 6F). A mine on the upper side of leaf was observed in the same tree (Fig. 6B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis indistincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">Phyllocnistis indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mines on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cornus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in Japan (Honshu, Nara Prefecture).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–I">E-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="florida">C. florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
J, K
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. macrophylla" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="macrophylla">C. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
A, B Konagao, Kumatawa, 670 m C, D,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
type locality: Soni, Imai, Menashi, 630 m E, F Konagao, Tawamine, 685 m G, K Imai, Oku-Kochi Sanso, 455 m I mine on bract. Arrows show mines (A, C, G, J) and pupation site (B, D, E, F, H, I, K). Scale bar: 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Figure 4. Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis indistincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">Phyllocnistis indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan (Honshu) and its hostplant,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B, D, K, I Nara Prefecture, Soni, 400-630 m C, E Yamanashi Prefecture, Kawaguchi-ko, 880-950 m
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–J">F-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
, M type locality: Nara Prefecture, Soni, Imai, Menashi, 630 m A habitat B, C serpentine mines, lower side of leaves D old mine, same side E young mines, upper side of leaves F old mines, same side G, H later instar larva I cocoon fold J pupa, dorsal view K same, ventral view L same, lateral sview M resting posture of the adult, dorsal-lateral view. Arrows show mines. Scale bars: 2 mm (G, H), 1 mm (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–M">I-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Figure 5. Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis indistincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">Phyllocnistis indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan (Honshu) and its host plants.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
type locality: Nara Prefecture, Soni, Imai, Menashi, 630 m,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">Cornus florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
I, J Nara Prefecture,Obako-dake, 1000 m,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
K Yamanashi Prefecture, Yamanaka-ko,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1000 m L Nara Prefecture, Soni, Konagao, 685 m,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. macrophylla" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="macrophylla">C. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
A habitat B host plant C flowers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, G later instar larva H cocoon fold I host plant J mines and branches of host plant K, L serpentine mines on upper side of leaves. Arrows show mines. Scale bars: 2 mm (G, H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Figure 6. Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis indistincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">Phyllocnistis indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">Cornus florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan (Honshu, Nara Prefecture, Soni, Imai, Oku-Kochi Sanso, 455 m). A habitat B serpentine mines on upper side of leaves C flowers and bracts, an arrow shows mine D serpentine mines on upper side of bracts E same, mines and cocoon folds F cocoon fold. Arrows show mines (C, D) and pupation site (D, E). Scale bar: 2 mm (F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
In the Nasu Imperial Villa of Tochigi Prefecture,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Arita, Y" journalOrPublisher="Flora and fauna of the Nasu Imperial Villa" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" pagination="49 - 147" title="Smaller moths of the Nasu Imperial Villa, Tochigi-ken, Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.62.2_75" volume="2" year="2009">Arita et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllocnistis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Mizuki-Kohamoguri”">"Mizuki-Kohamoguri"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and noted some aspects of forewing pattern and leaf mine on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">In Japan in 2008-2016, larvae were observed from June to October. The overwintering form of this species is unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Ecology and host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
(Fig. 5A, B). The host plants are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus controversa" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">Cornus controversa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="florida">C. florida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. macrophylla" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="macrophylla">C. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kousa" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="kousa">C. kousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Japan: Honshu (Tochigi, Nagano, Yamanashi, Aichi, Nara, Osaka and Tottori Prefectures), Shikoku (Tokushima Prefecture), Kyushu (Fukuoka and Kagoshima Prefectures).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
||
In the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. indistincta" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="indistincta">P. indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some specimens have a forewing pattern which differs in the following points: 1) a well-defined inner margin of lf (Figs 11C, F, 12C,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, K), 2) a fuscous to dark orange dorsal spot at dorsum 1/4 (Figs 11C, F, 12F), 3) tf is indistinct or interrupted in the middle (Figs 11C, 12B, C, G and I), i.e. more similar to that of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cornus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllocnistis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The forewing pattern differences were recorded in the type locality of this species, Menashi, Nara Prefecture
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="93" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Figs 11D, E, 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), in Ohshirakawa, Nagano Prefecture (Figs 11C, F, 12E) and in Nasu Imperial Villa, Tochigi Prefecture (Fig. 12F; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Arita, Y" journalOrPublisher="Flora and fauna of the Nasu Imperial Villa" pageId="27" pageNumber="106" pagination="49 - 147" title="Smaller moths of the Nasu Imperial Villa, Tochigi-ken, Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.62.2_75" volume="2" year="2009">Arita et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Pl. 3, Fig. 17). Judging from the genital characters, the differences in forewing pattern are treated as individual variation. The Indian and Japanese species,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. toparcha" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="toparcha">P. toparcha</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar forewing pattern, with individual variation as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. indistincta" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="indistincta">P. indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. toparcha" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="toparcha">P. toparcha</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. indistincta" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="indistincta">P. indistincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
by well-defined inner margin of strigulae and rather large lf. Accoding to
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Kuroko (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the autumn generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. toparcha" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="toparcha">P. toparcha</taxonomicName>
|
||
has bolder strigulae and scattering fuscous to dark scales from base to dorsum 1/2 than the summer generation, but SK collected adult moths of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. toparcha" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="toparcha">P. toparcha</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a dark dorsal spot or blotch and a darker patch in the lower half of the apical portion in summer (Kobayashi, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |