308 lines
37 KiB
XML
308 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="4E34A27B037AD8C3FA5599D1677F658D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e06b779-1c2f-4725-975b-2a2333a294e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237273" ID-ZooBank="B03C5872-9D58-4F18-B70C-86AA42AFFA92" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461013724177" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lienhard, Charles & Mifsud, David" docDate="2015" docId="2D488796FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A938DF85C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03936p260.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3936 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Peripsocus stagnivagus Chapman 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="D171FFEEFFC6F32FB46EFFA79209FFAD" masterDocTitle="Psocids from Malta (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’), with new synonymy for Peripsocus stagnivagus based on the discovery of its first Palaearctic male" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698568210542" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4F5DD2A0C87ABD995FB591A294B52846">Psocids from Malta (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’), with new synonymy for Peripsocus stagnivagus based on the discovery of its first Palaearctic male</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28E9EB5F3251A6DC39C56C159CB37920">Lienhard, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBC60F85D1EEABBA08B858A13C2C7237">Mifsud, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="914F4D5D6D88110E05A6E3505B589F17">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2D488796FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A938DF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D488796FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A938DF85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D488796FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A938DF85C" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="EDFB650BFFC3F32AB4F9FF7A9074FF5A" box="[151,637,221,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A9074FF5A" blockId="5.[151,637,221,247]" box="[151,637,221,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="FE1681ECFFC3F32AB4F9FF7A9074FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,637,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A9074FF5A" ID-CoL="4F3QD" authority="Chapman, 1930" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,637,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A9074FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,637,221,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FF7A93B8FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,433,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus stagnivagus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB5D6FF7A9074FF5A" author="Chapman" box="[440,637,221,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Chapman, P. J. (1930) Corrodentia of the United States of America. I. Suborder Isotecnomera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 38, 219 - 290, 319 - 403." type="journal article" year="1930">Chapman, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDFB650BFFC3F32AB4F9FE82909FFEF5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4F9FE829032FE94" blockId="5.[151,662,292,344]" box="[151,571,292,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="85F111AEFFC3F32AB4F9FE829032FE94" box="[151,571,292,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4F9FE8293DAFE97" ID-CoL="4F3HQ" authority="Baz, 1988: 6" authorityName="Baz" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,467,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivari">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FE829343FE97" box="[151,330,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus bivari</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="24401091FFC3F32AB53EFE8293DAFE97" author="Baz" box="[336,467,292,314]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB53EFE8293B3FE97" author="Baz" box="[336,442,292,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Baz, A. (1988) Psocopteros de Azores: nuevas citas, descripciones y sinonimias. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 93, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">Baz, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB5B0FE839032FE94" bold="true" box="[478,571,292,313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4F9FEE4909FFEF5" blockId="5.[151,662,292,344]" box="[151,662,322,344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="85F111AEFFC3F32AB4F9FEE4909FFEF5" box="[151,662,322,344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4F9FEE49026FEF5" ID-CoL="4F3LK" authority="Badonnel, 1976: 218" authorityName="Badonnel" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,559,322,344]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leleupi">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FEE4935BFEF5" box="[151,338,322,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus leleupi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="24401091FFC3F32AB537FEE59026FEF5" author="Badonnel" box="[345,559,322,344]" page="218" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB537FEE593F5FEF5" author="Badonnel" box="[345,508,322,344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Badonnel, A. (1976) La faune terrestre de l'ile de Sainte-Helene. Psocoptera. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 215, 206 - 232." type="journal article" year="1976">Badonnel, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 218
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB657FEE4909FFEF5" bold="true" box="[569,662,323,344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDFB650BFFC3F32AB4F9FE229364FCE9" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4F9FE22938FFE4E" blockId="5.[151,1437,389,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FE229386FE33" bold="true" box="[151,399,389,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB5CAFE2293E1FE30" box="[420,488,389,413]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Malta</collectingCountry>
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, Verdala Palace, 12–24.
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB771FE229197FE30" box="[799,926,389,413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-06-02">vi.2014, 2</date>
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♀, Malaise trap, DM; same data but 25.vi.–10.
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB56DFE0F938CFE6C" box="[259,389,424,449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-07-03">vii.2014, 3</date>
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♀;
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB5D7FE0F9083FE6D" box="[441,650,424,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-07-11" valueMax="2014-08-01" valueMin="2014-07-11">11.vii.–1.viii.2014</date>
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, 37 ♀; 1–15.
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB74DFE0F91A7FE6D" box="[803,942,424,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-08-06">viii.2014, 6</date>
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♀; 15–30.
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB040FE0F96BCFE6C" box="[1070,1205,424,449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-08-01">
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viii.2014,
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<specimenCount id="B3E7FD09FFC3F32AB0C9FE0E96BCFE6C" box="[1191,1205,425,449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
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</date>
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♂ and 246 ♀; and
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<date id="D15F1040FFC3F32AB4F9FE6C9324FE49" box="[151,301,459,484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2014-09-01" valueMax="2014-09-30" valueMin="2014-09-01">1–30.ix.2014</date>
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, 298 ♀.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4A9FE499364FCE9" blockId="5.[151,1437,389,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4A9FE499318FDAA" bold="true" box="[199,273,494,519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Notes.</emphasis>
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A new record for the Maltese Islands. The Maltese population of this species apparently reproduces by thelytokous parthenogenesis, as do most Nearctic populations of
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB71AFDB496EDFD87" authority="Mockford 1971" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="1971" box="[884,1252,530,555]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB71AFDB4961EFD87" box="[884,1047,531,554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB04BFDB596D2FD87" author="Mockford" box="[1061,1243,530,555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1971) Parthenogenesis in psocids (Insecta: Psocoptera). American Zoologist, 11, 327 - 339." type="journal article" year="1971">Mockford 1971</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. By chance, one male was found among the almost
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<specimenCount id="B3E7FD09FFC3F32AB656FD9290CCFDE3" box="[568,709,565,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="female">600 females</specimenCount>
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collected from
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<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB7EDFD9291CEFDE3" box="[899,967,565,590]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Malta</collectingCountry>
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, as occasionally happens in obligatorily thelytokous psocids (see
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB5DFFDFF9053FDDC" author="Lienhard" box="[433,602,600,625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 45). No morphological differences were found between the Maltese male and the Nearctic male of
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB5C0FDDA9046FD39" box="[430,591,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB5C0FDDA9046FD39" box="[430,591,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the latter was well described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB006FDDC9724FD39" author="Mockford" box="[1128,1325,635,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1993) North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Flora and Fauna Handbook, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 10, xviii + 455 pp." type="book" year="1993">Mockford (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB159FDDC9313FD1A" author="Lienhard" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard (1998: 262)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the females of
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB655FD07909CFD1A" box="[571,661,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. b i v a r i</emphasis>
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, described by
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB754FD0791BEFD1A" author="Baz" box="[826,951,671,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Baz, A. (1988) Psocopteros de Azores: nuevas citas, descripciones y sinonimias. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 93, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">Baz (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB0F8FD399744FD1A" author="Lienhard" box="[1174,1357,670,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB1E9FD0792EAFD76" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leleupi">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB1E9FD0792EAFD76" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. leleupi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, described by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB5E8FD65904CFD76" author="Badonnel" box="[390,581,706,731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Badonnel, A. (1976) La faune terrestre de l'ile de Sainte-Helene. Psocoptera. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 215, 206 - 232." type="journal article" year="1976">Badonnel (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, cannot be distinguished either from each other or from the North American
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4F9FD419333FD50" box="[151,314,742,765]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4F9FD419333FD50" box="[151,314,742,765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the female of the latter was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB746FD4291EEFD53" author="Chapman" box="[808,999,741,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Chapman, P. J. (1930) Corrodentia of the United States of America. I. Suborder Isotecnomera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 38, 219 - 290, 319 - 403." type="journal article" year="1930">Chapman (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and redescribed by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB0BFFD429790FD53" author="Mockford" box="[1233,1433,741,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1993) North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Flora and Fauna Handbook, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 10, xviii + 455 pp." type="book" year="1993">Mockford (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Based on the discovery of the first Palaearctic male of
|
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<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB745FCAE91D8FC8D" box="[811,977,777,800]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
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<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB745FCAE91D8FC8D" box="[811,977,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the synonymy of these names is here formally proposed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDFB650BFFC3F32AB4A9FCF7938DF85C" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4A9FCF79638FB09" blockId="5.[151,1437,389,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4A9FCF793DCFCCA" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[199,469,848,871]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4A9FCF793DCFCCA" box="[199,469,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the narrow sense is a predominantly Nearctic species considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB142FCE992E8FC27" author="Mockford" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (2012) Aspects of the biogeography of North American Psocoptera (Insecta). pp. 307 - 328. In: Stevens, L. (Ed.), Global Advances in Biogeography. InTech, Rijeka & Shanghai, 360 pp. Available from: http: // www. intechopen. com / books / global-advances-in-biogeography / aspects-of-the-biogeography-of-northamerican-psocoptera (accessed 20 November 2014)" type="book" year="2012">Mockford (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a native element of deciduous forests in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB70FFCD591F4FC27" box="[865,1021,882,907]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, it has been recorded also from Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB554FC329393FC03" box="[314,410,917,942]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB5C1FC3293E7FC03" box="[431,494,917,942]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB591FC32905EFC03" box="[511,599,917,942]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB607FC3190CFFC03" box="[617,710,918,942]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the Galapagos Islands and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB009FC3296C7FC03" box="[1127,1230,917,942]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB17AFC329336FC7C" author="Lienhard" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. (2002) Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 5, 1 - xli + 1 - 745. [Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve]" type="journal article" year="2002">Lienhard & Smithers 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB583FC1F90E3FC7C" author="Mockford" box="[493,746,952,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1993) North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Flora and Fauna Handbook, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 10, xviii + 455 pp." type="book" year="1993">Mockford (1993: 215)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, some of the Mexican populations represent two undescribed species: “the three [species] are readily separated on male characters, but females appear to be indistinguishable morphologically” (Mockford
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB597FC59905EFBBA" box="[505,599,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">loc. cit.</emphasis>
|
||
). Following the proposed synonymy, the distributional range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB1E9FBA79314FB97" ID-CoL="4F3QD" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB1E9FBA79314FB97" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widened to include Macaronesia (Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira), western North Africa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB4F0FBE1930EFBF3" box="[158,263,1094,1118]" name="Morocco" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB5CDFBE193E6FBF0" box="[419,495,1094,1117]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(i.e. range of
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB6E2FBE190EFFBF0" box="[652,742,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. b i v a r i</emphasis>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB74DFBE291CEFBF3" author="Lienhard" box="[803,967,1093,1118]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB793FBE29725FBF3" author="Lienhard" box="[1021,1324,1093,1118]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. (2002) Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 5, 1 - xli + 1 - 745. [Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve]" type="journal article" year="2002">Lienhard & Smithers 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and also the South Atlantic islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB5B3FBCE9058FB2C" box="[477,593,1128,1153]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB6E9FBCF90F5FB2C" box="[647,764,1128,1153]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Ascension</collectingCountry>
|
||
(i.e. range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB7F7FBCE9609FB2C" ID-CoL="4F3LK" box="[921,1024,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leleupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB7F7FBCE9609FB2C" box="[921,1024,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. leleupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB057FBCF96EDFB2C" author="Badonnel" box="[1081,1252,1128,1153]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Badonnel, A. (1976) La faune terrestre de l'ile de Sainte-Helene. Psocoptera. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 215, 206 - 232." type="journal article" year="1976">Badonnel 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB174FBCF9336FB09" author="Lienhard" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. & Ashmole, N. P. (2011) The Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) of St Helena and Ascension Island (South Atlantic) with a new record from South Africa. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 118 (3), 423 - 449." type="journal article" year="2011">Lienhard & Ashmole 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The easternmost Palaearctic record is the present one from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB786FB2C9624FB09" box="[1000,1069,1163,1188]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4A9FB089343FA36" blockId="5.[151,1437,389,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Among the European psocids,
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB659FB17909EFB6A" box="[567,663,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. b i v a r i</emphasis>
|
||
has been considered as an alien element of unknown origin by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB4F9FB759355FB47" author="Schneider" box="[151,348,1234,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Schneider, N. (2010) Psocids (Psocoptera). In: Roques, A., Kenis, M., Lees, D., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Rabitsch, J. - Y. & Roy, D. B. (Eds.), Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk, 4 (2), 793 - 805. http: // dx. doi: 10.3897 / biorisk. 4.46" type="journal article" year="2010">Schneider (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In fact, the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB6B9FB749170FB47" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[727,889,1235,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB6B9FB749170FB47" box="[727,889,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulting from the proposed synonymy suggests an introduction of this psocid from the Nearctic. The high potential for dispersal of this species is probably largely due to its predominantly parthenogenetic reproduction. Another example of an extremely widespread parthenogenetic psocid is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB5D0FA9C919CFAF9" authority="Badonnel" authorityName="Badonnel" box="[446,917,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Psocidae" genus="Trichadenotecnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicularoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB5D0FA9C9129FAF9" box="[446,800,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Trichadenotecnum cicularoides</emphasis>
|
||
Badonnel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(thelytoky demonstrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB0B5FA9C9799FAF9" author="Mockford" box="[1243,1424,1339,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1974) Trichadenotecnum circularoides (Psocoptera: Psocidae) in southeastern United States, with notes on its reproduction and immature stages. Florida Entomologist, 57 (4), 369 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493496" type="journal article" year="1974">Mockford 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has been recorded from all zoogeographical regions (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB7E7FAF996CBFADA" author="Lienhard" box="[905,1218,1374,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. (2002) Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 5, 1 - xli + 1 - 745. [Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve]" type="journal article" year="2002">Lienhard & Smithers 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB16FFAF99337FA36" author="Yoshizawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Yoshizawa, K. & Smithers, C. N. (2006) Systematic position of Trichadenotecnum enderleini (Roesler) (Psocodea: " Psocoptera ": Psocidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 58 (3), 411 - 415. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.58.2006.1467" type="journal article" year="2006">Yoshizawa & Smithers 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A55E3680FFC3F32AB4A9FA01938DF85C" blockId="5.[151,1437,389,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4A9FA0193DAFA10" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[199,467,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4A9FA0193DAFA10" box="[199,467,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest of the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB725FA0191CEFA10" ID-CoL="8MQVB" box="[843,967,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB725FA0191CEFA10" box="[843,967,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Peripsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (body length of females 1.6–1.8 mm, of the Maltese male 1.4 mm; forewing length of females 1.5–1.7 mm, of the Maltese male 1.6 mm). The compound eyes are distinctly larger in the male (IO/D = 1.25) than in the females (IO/D about 2.4). This sexual dimorphism was crucial for rapid detection of the single male among the almost
|
||
<specimenCount id="B3E7FD09FFC3F32AB047F9A996BBF98A" box="[1065,1202,1550,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="female">250 females</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in a single Malaise trap sample. The colouration of the forewing is variable; its membrane is faintly tinged with brown and usually some darker patches are clearly visible, especially in cells r5 to m3 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB049F9F1969EF9C3" author="Baz" box="[1063,1175,1622,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Baz, A. (1988) Psocopteros de Azores: nuevas citas, descripciones y sinonimias. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 93, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1988">Baz 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB081F9F29791F9C3" author="Lienhard" box="[1263,1432,1621,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84d); but these patches are often weakly developed or even absent, as is the case in the male and in many females from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB559F93C9375F919" box="[311,380,1691,1716]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the identification key proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB754F93C91FCF919" author="Lienhard" box="[826,1013,1691,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB0E1F93A973BF919" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[1167,1330,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB0E1F93A973BF919" box="[1167,1330,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
keys out with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB4BDF967935AF97A" box="[211,339,1726,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB4BDF967935AF97A" box="[211,339,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the latter is much larger (male forewing length 2.1–2.3 mm). The phallosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB1E9F96792F0F956" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB1E9F96792F0F956" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is somewhat similar in shape to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB6B3F944918AF957" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[733,899,1763,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB6B3F944918AF957" box="[733,899,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has also a pair of anteromedially curved appendages arising at the base of the aedeagal arch (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB746F8A291DAF8B3" author="Lienhard" box="[808,979,1797,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 83q). However, the males of these species are easy to distinguish by the characteristic shape of the endophallic sclerites (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DDA2A05FFC3F32AB16AF88F974FF8EC" box="[1284,1350,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[321,1268,212,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[317,1269,195,1593]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Peripsocus stagnivagus Chapman. Male from Malta: A, Phallosome, dorsal view. B, Clunial comb, dorsal view. Scale (A, B) 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB4F9F8EC934DF8C9" author="Lienhard" box="[151,324,1867,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 83p). The clunial comb is similar in both species, with about a dozen of well-developed rounded teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB53DF8D793FAF82A" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[339,499,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB53DF8D793FAF82A" box="[339,499,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DDA2A05FFC3F32AB66DF8C9904BF82A" box="[515,578,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[321,1268,212,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[317,1269,195,1593]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Peripsocus stagnivagus Chapman. Male from Malta: A, Phallosome, dorsal view. B, Clunial comb, dorsal view. Scale (A, B) 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and a somewhat higher number of such teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB011F8D796F5F82A" box="[1151,1276,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB011F8D796F5F82A" box="[1151,1276,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB159F8C992DAF807" author="Lienhard" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig.
|
||
<quantity id="62199B65FFC3F32AB564F8359338F807" box="[266,305,1938,1962]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="t" value="83.0">83t</quantity>
|
||
). The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB5BEF8349078F807" ID-CoL="4F3QD" box="[464,625,1939,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB5BEF8349078F807" box="[464,625,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. stagnivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly not identical with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A5A8822FFC3F32AB7BBF835963EF806" box="[981,1079,1938,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the enigmatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E14D03FFC3F32AB097F83492C6F863" ID-CoL="4F3RN" authority="Galil, 1983" authorityName="Galil" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Peripsocidae" genus="Peripsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuleki">
|
||
<emphasis id="9795EA92FFC3F32AB097F834975EF806" box="[1273,1367,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">P. yuleki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB133F83592C6F863" author="Galil" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Galil, B. & Halperin, J. (1983) Psocoptera of Israel II. Israel Journal of Entomology, 17, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="1983">Galil, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDF67610FFC3F32AB5E2F81293C3F863" box="[396,458,1973,1998]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB5B5F81290EAF863" author="Galil" box="[475,739,1973,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Galil, B. & Halperin, J. (1983) Psocoptera of Israel II. Israel Journal of Entomology, 17, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="1983">Galil & Halperin 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the latter remains a “species inquirenda” (see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1704B71FFC3F32AB4F9F87F9336F85C" author="Lienhard" box="[151,319,2008,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refString="Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocopteres euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, 83, xx + 517 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lienhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 256).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |