treatments-xml/data/03/A0/87/03A087C4FFCCFFCDFF01FD23E21EF941.xml
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<document id="A0CB4426DF0FB6BE8B382C19522D7E71" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFCCFFCDFF01FD23E21EF941" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Axis calamianensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="759F9F6DBF3669789CC6F37C4A454321">Cervidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27A81A445F8D4DECB1BD6CD0F22E90FA">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B167265F3B2EFD14736C2BE206746A03">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4830519E1501547BEE332B41C8B4E442">
<mods:title id="7971ACECEFA3F310D55AA0D90CB27AE0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFCCFFCDFF01FD23E73DFD43" box="[202,256,660,698]" captionStart="Plate 17: Cervidae" captionStartId="8.[137,169,3395,3416]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="13. Chital (Axis axis), 14. Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), 15. Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">16.</figureCitation>
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCCFFCDFED9FD23E476FD43" box="[274,587,660,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCCFFCDFED9FD23E476FD43" box="[274,587,660,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Calamian Deer</vernacularName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFDB7FD23E5DBFD43" box="[636,998,660,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFDB7FD23E5DBFD43" blockId="9.[197,1160,660,742]" box="[636,998,660,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCCFFCDFDB7FD23E5DBFD43" box="[636,998,660,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCCFFCDFDB7FD23E5DBFD43" ID-CoL="5VZ9J" baseAuthorityName="Heude" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[636,998,660,698]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamianensis">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFDB7FD23E5DBFD43" box="[636,998,660,698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Axis calamianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0DFD7AE2BAFD1B" box="[198,1159,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0DFD7AE2BAFD1B" blockId="9.[197,1160,660,742]" box="[198,1159,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCCFFCDFF0DFD7AE2BAFD1B" box="[198,1159,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0DFD7AE72EFD1B" bold="true" box="[198,275,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCCFFCDFED7FD7AE7ECFD1B" box="[284,465,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Cerf des Calamian</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFE2CFD7AE47FFD1B" bold="true" box="[487,578,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCCFFCDFD87FD7AE576FD1B" box="[588,843,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Calamian-Schweinshirsch</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFCABFD7AE586FD1B" bold="true" box="[864,955,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCCFFCDFC0FFD7AE2BAFD1B" box="[964,1159,717,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Axis de Calamianes</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFCE6FCA0E54AFCA1" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFCE6FCA0E54AFCA1" blockId="9.[813,1399,791,1210]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFCE6FCA0E5F5FCC9" bold="true" box="[813,968,791,816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCCFFCDFC2AFCA0E54FFCA1" authority="Heude, 1888" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamianensis">Cervus calamianensis Heude, 1888</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFC48FC88E24AFCA1" box="[899,1143,831,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFC48FC88E24AFCA1" blockId="9.[813,1399,791,1210]" box="[899,1143,831,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFCCFFCDFC48FC88E24AFCA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196328" box="[899,1143,831,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Calamian Islands.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFCE5FCE9E2F0FC5F" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFCE5FCE9E2F0FC5F" blockId="9.[813,1399,791,1210]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
It has previously been treated as a subspecies of A.
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCCFFCDFC7FFC3EE21CFC5F" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" box="[948,1057,905,934]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">porcinus</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFCE6FC02E32AFC0C" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF76665AFFCCFFCDFCE6FC02E32AFC0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514431/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" targetBox="[196,789,793,1208]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFCE6FC02E32AFC0C" blockId="9.[813,1399,791,1210]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFCE6FC02E5E0FC37" bold="true" box="[813,989,949,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Distribution.</emphasis>
Calamian Is (Busuanga, Calauit, Culion, Marily &amp; Dimaquiat).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFCE6FC4BE4CCFAFE" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFCE6FC4BE4CCFAFE" blockId="9.[813,1399,791,1210]" lastBlockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFCE6FC4BE21BFBE4" bold="true" box="[813,1062,1020,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body on average
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCCFFCDFCFAFBAEE5A5FBBA" box="[817,920,1049,1091]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" unit="cm" value="130.0">130 cm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCCFFCDFC2DFBAEE202FBBA" box="[998,1087,1049,1091]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
, shoulder height
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCCFFCDFA8DFBAEE5B7FB92" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" unit="cm" value="67.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="60.0">60— 75 cm</quantity>
; weight 35-50 kg. Medium-sized, relatively long-legged deer with a bushy tail; males have prominent pedicles and short three-tined antlers 20-30 cm in length. The coat is tawny brown, with legs much darker than body; the muzzle is whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0EFAB9E269FAD6" box="[197,1108,1294,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0EFAB9E269FAD6" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" box="[197,1108,1294,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0EFAB9E70EFAD6" bold="true" box="[197,307,1294,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Habitat.</emphasis>
It lives in grasslands, open woodlands, secondary forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0EFA81E349FAAE" box="[197,1396,1334,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0EFA81E349FAAE" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" box="[197,1396,1334,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0EFA81E7F4FAAE" bold="true" box="[197,457,1334,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
It primarily feeds on forbs and grasses but also on leaves and twigs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0EFAEAE203FA35" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0EFAEAE203FA35" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0EFAEAE776FA87" bold="true" box="[197,331,1373,1406]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Breeding.</emphasis>
Females attain puberty at about 8-15 months of age. After a gestation of around 222-226 days they give birth to a single fawn weighing 1.1-6 kg. Fawns are able to suckle an hour after birth. Weaning occurs after 4-6 months.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF08FA61E574FA0A" box="[195,841,1494,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF08FA61E574FA0A" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" box="[195,841,1494,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF08FA61E790FA0A" bold="true" box="[195,429,1494,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
It is diurnal and crepuscular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0FFA49E34EF9E2" box="[196,1395,1534,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0FFA49E34EF9E2" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" box="[196,1395,1534,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0FFA49E541F9E2" bold="true" box="[196,892,1534,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
It is often observed in small groups.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0EF992E20AF968" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0EF992E20AF968" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0EF992E41EF9BB" bold="true" box="[197,547,1573,1602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
CITES Annex I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. In 1996 the total population size was estimated at 550 animals. It is decreasing; hunting pressure and agricultural expansion are major threats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0EF928E21EF941" box="[197,1059,1695,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0EF928E21EF941" blockId="9.[195,1401,1216,1720]" box="[197,1059,1695,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0EF928E762F941" bold="true" box="[197,351,1695,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Groves &amp; Grubb (1987), Villamor (1987, 1991), Wemmer (1998).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>