144 lines
15 KiB
XML
144 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="999974614A37FE47026C62796E6FD0F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="33981" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6058" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa40454d-8f0e-4387-86ee-8dfc421d0e05" ID-PMC="PMC4714381" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-541-109" ID-PubMed="26798284" ID-ZooBank="C336A3C4DBCB49C5898C8FA38BDFF0C0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-541-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 541" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with a new species of Synophis from the Pacific Andean slopes of southwestern Ecuador" checkinTime="1451243656936" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander, Guayasamin, Juan M., Penafiel, Nicolas, Bustamante, Lucas & Arteaga, Alejandro" docDate="2015" docId="EB1A16F9F860D5B720CA47371FAD9474" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 541: 109-147" docOrigin="ZooKeys 541" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6058" docTitle="Synophis calamitus Hillis 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FF8E84462424FFD3A52779666640FF82" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with a new species of Synophis from the Pacific Andean slopes of southwestern Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1701381387359" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="3C5A9CCB9D00DB4213CDBFCB305ACDC6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="4BD0F350D17FB69F54AE3B695B95819D">
|
|
<mods:title id="24BC5F9889B310D53AF8E8D89CEB9389">Systematics of Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with a new species of Synophis from the Pacific Andean slopes of southwestern Ecuador</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="40C9F621EAE1CB1921162DD510ED33C3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="F3B19F734ACE7AE104E86FCDB86912C5">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="060D119EAADCE71915543050F791608A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="8DCF6228CF38CD373B8DF51C503579A4">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B08E6D9886A0F57B9D5F83B871AD252E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="900FF13D058B6EF6AE0F4BB7AB5AEBC5">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7DD67AF60DB1853AC3AA561FC8DE1D0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B69341FAF92BA2BE4EC6B39161718E6A">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="52B392FFA6C0DC64C3192E24ADEFFB22" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CD7BB930B30B53ABF76DF7150B7F32B2">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="806834D46097F66843BD23C36B02F04F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B4B79FA40F12642FECA4108F0FA14AED">Penafiel, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="7962D61A2839EAB17B522B9B29192AFC" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3FDDDC42F7269BB979B03C8808B217FF">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5E727BE2F516789BAA80F9A1E9FFFD75">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="FB05C8F2B4D990303D7C9E198AC23BDE">Bustamante, Lucas</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="8D8E90BBBC73B5BAAFE3404D179E77C7" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="1DAB37284ABC284601E4DA2E457A1E1D">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="9B0BAD003CE81B72A9D7513DC9B0823F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="348FF92F0654939C36414EC4C56ACF8E">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="5E694651F30970EBE004644122DBC56E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="4B9F8519BBB7D5BB663CCB11552959F8" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="FB9D7B4DC8374E4F6DB109E9662DECD0">
|
|
<mods:title id="A0E286725BC640E045DDEDA7BF6FA8E3">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="11D8706F4C89366365DE8E7CA5FC10FB">
|
|
<mods:date id="2967739DD6117D9F2BEA8D8AF2FF7871">2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="78DFF3318CE583726A17526A2D2E5667" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="713A7BE8775CFC56137ED33BC985F754">541</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="35DE5856D637A48AED1B5D2E03DE0DCE" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="9F59635635CDED747DEEE6B1724E08D4">109</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="90C2CA6BF6CA68119A3AAFA5306DE316">147</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="A6B321199BB41D9BCDEB574E41E553E5">
|
|
<mods:url id="73157D81CECE50AB9A7C1ADC95EFE7D9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6058</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="ED2455C74203528BF4EAA2C4E79A8C58">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="79647D1540F63175B08BA04A9104867C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6058</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="F17BEE380B5E05ED8BD47FEB49E7A31B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-541-109</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="601D092ED4448E916466A089B410AADA" type="ZooBank">C336A3C4DBCB49C5898C8FA38BDFF0C0</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="EB1A16F9F860D5B720CA47371FAD9474" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB1A16F9F860D5B720CA47371FAD9474" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB1A16F9F860D5B720CA47371FAD9474" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<subSubSection id="4C4679EC8103B4805F484F6D3B53BA17" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph id="FC541CB6EBFE4A1077166BDF29F58603" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="3100B44189D5853F16B19E2066B15A99" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
|
|
classification Animalia Squamata Colubridae
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4301000EAF835554D4BCA658456DF1A1" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="D46DDF2C0B403B7F9FAEB851A2FF3CF8" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D42C3A23051C5C29165A55FA3DA7B30" ID-CoL="53YC5" authority="Hillis, 1990" authorityName="Hillis" authorityYear="1990" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis calamitus" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamitus">Synophis calamitus Hillis, 1990</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D0EA39164076B225C94F9530EBE98D91" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">
|
|
<paragraph id="463B467D4C8746AEB1FBDA183994CCA3" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="79B283F2179431DE6BDE8771EA628757" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">KU 197107, 4 km SE Tandayapa, Pichincha Province, Ecuador.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1DF800DC61AA684292D06077E0757345" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Paratype. KU 164208, 9km SE Tandayapa, Pichincha Province, Ecuador.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3B72628724CBCC7114A5D17B20882979" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="1357EA04C8E0D7EE4A88CADB1E47A386" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3589F46F72A780A959997ED6001E65C5" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
|
|
From the Latin for
|
|
<normalizedToken id="01110CE14FBC0FC71FE68B40892070DB" originalValue="“calamity,”">"calamity,"</normalizedToken>
|
|
referring to accidents that befell the original collectors (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0239569736AFCC3233CB8348C39AE7A8" author="Hillis, DM" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History University of Kansas" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 9" title="A new species of xenodontine colubrid snake of the genus Synophis from Ecuador and the phylogeny of the genera Synophis and Emmochliophis." volume="135" year="1990">Hillis 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="104335093952C17ED209184B6B3E0B42" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="3157398504B5AA6180A194B69EECB4E7" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="0CE646D29DCAD59C56EE398867C6D3F3" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8ACE0BF621594A9E3347ED31F09A6DBA" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
|
|
A group of relatively small (~450mm SVL) dipsadine snakes of the cloud forests of the Pacific versant of the Andean highlands of Ecuador diagnosable by 9-11 infralabials, 7-9 supralabials, fused prefrontals, internasals separated, loreal present, 1 or 2 postoculars, 163-166 ventrals, 110-125 subcaudals, dorsal scales in (21-23)-19-17 weakly keeled rows, neural spine expanded and flattened, and laterally expanded zygapophyses. Known from middle to high-elevation (~1900-2200m) cloud forests north of the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C6817F37B4EE30A08894D649D030D9C8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Toachi. Nothing is known of diet or reproduction.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="86CB17D1F20E1FDFD43A9FC273CE7B94" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" type="notes">
|
|
<paragraph id="85B34E24C08264E2E7FE58FDBFD2AD14" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="656BDEF0F655D0DC2B323152FB175F60" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" start="start">Notes</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="40A821444D42A6FCEFDDB6B490865AAA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
|
|
A detailed description was also provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FF72F2659B3D815DA5B67E5D6D7F26D2" author="Hillis, DM" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History University of Kansas" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 9" title="A new species of xenodontine colubrid snake of the genus Synophis from Ecuador and the phylogeny of the genera Synophis and Emmochliophis." volume="135" year="1990">Hillis (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The hemipenes have likely not been examined. Easily confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4D697A641C90F3933CA7E46DFA5C082D" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis bicolor" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">Synophis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
; at least one specimen (QCAZ 11931) from near the type locality was originally mis-identified (O. Torres-Carvajal, pers. comm.). We suggest that all populations north of the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="17345BD71CABEFCB026CB9807E6ED106" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Toachi are likely to represent
|
|
<taxonomicName id="55D668DD8F9D4B38E2FC2F33D55EA561" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis calamitus" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamitus">Synophis calamitus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. As mentioned above, one specimen apparently matching
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD838EA7E419B2A7D02AA279E0A959C9" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis bicolor" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">Synophis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
(BMNH 1940.2.30.31) is known from
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9FF0408BCB332275702879ED3FBA5D1A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Soloya near Mindo north of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4FDF189E8D10A563E02A4F2FAE6BD986" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Toachi, but this may have been mis-labeled, or mis-referenced
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="B330AA2DC5D27D7C899FAFACF988078E" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" start="start">geographically</pageBreakToken>
|
|
. The specimen of "
|
|
<taxonomicName id="22B30DDFE5D924DE4542AA6F01059AFE" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis bicolor" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">Synophis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
" examined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0456E8346A74B9F06E468EEBF77967FC" author="Zaher, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 168" title="Hemipenial morphology of the South American xenodontine snakes, with a proposal for a monophyletic Xenodontinae and a reappraisal of colubroid hemipenes." volume="240" year="1999">Zaher (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, QCAZ 452, cannot be located (O. Torres-Carvajal, pers. comm.), but originates from Chiriboga, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, north of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="EBB2F5036E7732934C18D37354944B3F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Toachi, and thus may represent an
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1607D3CBE2FD9B5EEEB905E7111BD19D" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis calamitus" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamitus">Synophis calamitus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. If this is the case, the hemipenes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D73D64D256A6147F4CB1EE51C6672C22" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis calamitus" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calamitus">Synophis calamitus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97E53AA57BECE50DD2041D7BBF2A557F" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis lasallei" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasallei">Synophis lasallei</taxonomicName>
|
|
are nearly identical (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B78E026F4E72F37DA30DE2BAB9296C68" author="Zaher, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 168" title="Hemipenial morphology of the South American xenodontine snakes, with a proposal for a monophyletic Xenodontinae and a reappraisal of colubroid hemipenes." volume="240" year="1999">Zaher 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="15F34E9347A3F270C037162C288F1537" author="Martinez, PMS" journalOrPublisher="Departamento de Zoologia. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="25" pageNumber="134" title="Comparative anatomy of the tribe Nothopsini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)" year="2011">Martinez 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Finally, one specimen sequenced here from Tambo Tanda (MZUTI 3694) appears to have aberrantly subdivided head scales, possessing
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="09BBA2CB73A1A874EA8F03236CB892C4" pageId="18" pageNumber="127" start="start">one</pageBreakToken>
|
|
extra postocular, and 2 extra supralabials and infralabials (Fig. 8), which are misshapen and abnormally small. The badly damaged paratype also appears to have two postoculars on one side (O. Torres-Carvajal, pers. comm.). Thus, we concur with
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5DFC253AEF0943A37DE2828E150C417C" author="Hillis, DM" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History University of Kansas" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 9" title="A new species of xenodontine colubrid snake of the genus Synophis from Ecuador and the phylogeny of the genera Synophis and Emmochliophis." volume="135" year="1990">Hillis (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
that one postocular, 7 or 8 supralabials, and 9 infralabials (along with the divided internasals and smooth anterior dorsal scale-rows) are generally diagnostic of the species, but with rare individual variation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |