138 lines
15 KiB
XML
138 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="F234CFD9AE93BEC3AF68ABE038D4F719" ID-DOI="10.35249/rche.47.1.21.04" ID-ISSN="0718-8994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10950112" ID-ZooBank="07DA43A6-7C28-4088-8371-6BB366EDDA4A" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712675955489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bhowmik, Suman" docDate="2021" docId="03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D" docLanguage="en" docName="RevChilEntomol.47.1.35-60.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 47 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.1.21.04" docStyle="DocumentStyle:451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865:RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865" docStyleName="RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docTitle="Delias acalis subsp. pyramus Redbreast Jezabel" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFC8916F6E4A690812379B6BB858FFB8" masterDocTitle="Fifty-one new additions to the butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Tripura, North-east India" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1712676540618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="74025887936A7B2EC7A653E73EB0D839">Fifty-one new additions to the butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Tripura, North-east India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="38C52173D96C5B61505C60E8FF021005" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1828FCCD2A3FC5230EEEC7D132F8A9A1">Bhowmik, Suman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F09F8781D8D82A32D935E4545C632701">Revista Chilena de Entomología</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A4E19967A71BF087633DBC38BC5B4B7A">
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<mods:date id="B61A8AA1D59AA1E45AD85F2A2D5642CA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="6F1A960DD4D5871953DC5CA43F46C3FD">Rev. Chil. Entomol.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="258DB77B2F875B66980E954B75085596">2021-02-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="150C7C96CA65B2B16F7627B9B2D3EF96">47</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2D7CEBEB7E8DDDAE75A6E66BC31CCF67">http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.1.21.04</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="3CB4FAE8831C79AD34EBB880E8EDB9DE" type="DOI">10.35249/rche.47.1.21.04</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33BEF52C329547D5F0B6146A4C956C24" type="ISSN">0718-8994</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C3420B8A6E5F691D126C9876BB45FC8D" box="[91,797,796,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691D126C9876BB45FC8D" blockId="21.[91,797,796,821]" box="[91,797,796,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D126C9876B823FC8D" bold="true" box="[91,123,797,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">51.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5823826E5F691D12B69877BB45FC8D" authority="(Wallace, 1867) (Redbreast Jezabel)" authorityName="Redbreast Jezabel" baseAuthorityName="Wallace" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[129,797,796,821]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Delias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="acalis" subSpecies="pyramus">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D12B69877BA62FC8C" bold="true" box="[129,570,796,820]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D12B69877B9DDFC8C" bold="true" box="[129,389,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Delias acalis pyramus</emphasis>
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(Wallace, 1867)
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</emphasis>
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(Redbreast Jezabel)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3420B8A6E5F691E126C9836BA27FF6D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691D126C9836BBA9FC2D" blockId="21.[90,1149,861,917]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D126C9836B894FCCD" bold="true" box="[91,204,861,885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
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One individual was recorded in Jampui Hills (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6C3EC66E5F691D10D09836BB3BFCCC" box="[743,867,861,885]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" precision="15" seconds="54" value="24.031666">24°1’54” N</geoCoordinate>
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&
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6C3EC66E5F691D11B39836BC52FCCC" box="[900,1034,861,885]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" precision="15" seconds="37" value="92.26028">92°15’37” E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D16229836BC6AFCCC" box="[1045,1074,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CA0F5E46E5F691D160F9836BC25FCCC" box="[1080,1149,861,885]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="212.0">212 m</quantity>
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above msl.), nectaring on
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<taxonomicName id="4C5823826E5F691D13B59816BA5BFC2C" box="[386,515,893,917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mikania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D13B59816B983FC2D" box="[386,475,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Mikania</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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flowers on
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<date id="FFE67EC16E5F691D10BE9816BAA4FC2D" box="[649,764,893,917]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" value="2019-11-30">30.xi.2019</date>
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. Very rare in
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<collectingRegion id="499C96E36E5F691D11A49816BBB5FC2D" box="[915,1005,893,917]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Tripura</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691D126C98D7BA30FC4D" blockId="21.[90,1149,956,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B92C84136E5F691D126C98D7B9F5FC6C" bold="true" box="[91,429,956,981]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Current known distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D138698D6B9A2FC6D" box="[433,506,957,981]" name="Nepal" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D103498D6BA2EFC6D" box="[515,630,957,981]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D104898D6BAE4FC6D" box="[639,700,957,981]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="499C96E36E5F691D10FE98D6BBC6FC6D" box="[713,926,957,981]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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to Northeast
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D160098D6BC2DFC6D" box="[1079,1141,957,981]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC925F06E5F691D125598B6B94FFC4D" author="Van Gasse, P." box="[98,279,989,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" refId="ref11993" refString="Van Gasse, P. (2013) Butterflies of India-annotated checklist. Butterflies of India, Kruibeke, Belgium, 161 pp." type="book" year="2013">Van Gasse 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC925F06E5F691D131598B6BA04FC4D" author="Varshney, R. K. & Smetacek, P." box="[290,604,989,1013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" pagination="8" refId="ref12017" refString="Varshney, R. K. and Smetacek, P. (2015) A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing, New Delhi, ii + pp. 261, 8 pl." type="journal article" year="2015">Varshney & Smetacek 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691D12B69F76B8C7FB4D" blockId="21.[90,1151,1053,1749]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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The persistence of minimal pollution and a balanced habitat made up of different species of plants are one of the most important requisite for survivability of butterflies. There are innumerable potential areas for butterfly conservation exists in
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<collectingRegion id="499C96E36E5F691D11BF9F36BB87FBCD" box="[904,991,1117,1141]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Tripura</collectingRegion>
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that need to be explored. These potential areas consist of different species of host plants and valuable nectaring plants that support and holds a substantial number of butterflies and their life cycle. An effort has been made to identify some of these potential areas during the present work.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691D12B69F96BBA0FACD" blockId="21.[90,1151,1053,1749]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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The total numbers of butterflies so far recorded in
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<collectingRegion id="499C96E36E5F691D10CC9F96BB0AFAAD" box="[763,850,1277,1301]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Tripura</collectingRegion>
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<materialsCitation id="3B30525C6E5F691D11699F96BBACFACD" country="India" location="Tripura" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tripura">
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by various authors and researchers does not reflects the actual potential of the state to be a butterfly hotspot, being part of North-east
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D13029E56B92DFAED" box="[309,373,1341,1365]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
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. The present study provides an excellent justification of the above statement by increasing 20.90% species to the existing butterfly fauna of
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<collectingRegion id="499C96E36E5F691D11AD9E36BBACFACD" box="[922,1012,1373,1397]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Tripura</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE758016E5F691E12B69E16BA27FF6D" blockId="21.[90,1151,1053,1749]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1209,125,213]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">
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<materialsCitation id="3B30525C6E5F691E12B69E16BA23FF6D" country="India" county="Legal" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="57" location="The" municipality="However" pageId="21" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
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There is a great need not only to preserve potential habitats but also to safeguard different
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<typeStatus id="54E3E6A36E5F691D126D9EF6B8C1FA0D" box="[90,153,1437,1461]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">types</typeStatus>
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of butterfly host plants and nectaring plants including essential micro habitats for proper conservation of butterflies.
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<location id="8E870EDA6E5F691D13A09ED6B99BFA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D:8E870EDA6E5F691D13A09ED6B99BFA6D" box="[407,451,1469,1493]" country="India" county="Legal" municipality="However" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">The</location>
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first step towards any conservation plan is to stop arbitrary deforestation followed by long term plantation.
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<location id="8E870EDA6E5F691D10869EB6BAB4FA4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D:8E870EDA6E5F691D10869EB6BAB4FA4C" box="[689,748,1501,1524]" country="India" county="Legal" municipality="However" name="Most" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">Most</location>
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often uncontrolled deforestation results in local extinctions of many species of important herbs, shrubs, climbers, and trees that holds a substantial number of butterfly species and unfortunately there is a negligible chance of replantation of these local extincts.
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<location id="8E870EDA6E5F691D10549D56BAD7F9ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D:8E870EDA6E5F691D10549D56BAD7F9ED" box="[611,655,1597,1621]" country="India" county="Legal" municipality="However" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">The</location>
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best policy towards butterfly conservation is community based conservation made for ecological restoration of a landscape.
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<location id="8E870EDA6E5F691D167C9D36BC25F9CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D:8E870EDA6E5F691D167C9D36BC25F9CD" box="[1099,1149,1629,1653]" country="India" county="Legal" municipality="However" name="This" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">This</location>
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helps to create awareness among local people about the importance of butterflies and their ecological role.
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<location id="8E870EDA6E5F691D133D9DF6B97AF90C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1E9176E5F691E126C9876BA27FF6D:8E870EDA6E5F691D133D9DF6B97AF90C" box="[266,290,1693,1716]" country="India" county="Legal" municipality="However" name="In" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">In</location>
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<collectingCountry id="F34F18916E5F691D131F9DF6B93DF90D" box="[296,357,1693,1717]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
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protection of butterflies is made available only in the protected areas.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B83C27B6E5F691D126D9DD6B89FF96C" box="[90,199,1725,1748]" pageId="21" pageNumber="56">However</collectingMunicipality>
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, there are many potential areas outside these protected areas that are providing suitable habitat and breeding grounds to butterflies and many other insects.
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<collectingCounty id="6286208D6E5C691E11C99B16BC66FF2D" box="[1022,1086,125,149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="57">Legal</collectingCounty>
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protection and conservation of these butterfly hotspots will not only help to preserve butterflies but also maintain an ecological balance as a whole
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |