1052 lines
107 KiB
XML
1052 lines
107 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744984" ID-ZooBank="D83875A0-EF3A-4C60-996B-34A1AF206356" checkinTime="1679052270639" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner" docDate="2023" docId="03D787BC9444521DFF39A9CC495D35E4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5255.1.25.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5255 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ocnerodrilidae Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="320" masterDocId="FFEEFFC4944A520DFFAEA9134A203267" masterDocTitle="Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="323" masterPageNumber="304" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1679390955819" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Demetrio, Wilian Carlo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Brazilian National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Avenida dos Astronautas 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - CEP: 80035 - 050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dudas, Rafaela</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - CEP: 80035 - 050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Zagatto, Mauricio G. R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo / ESALQ, Depto. de Ciência do Solo, C. P. 09, CEP: 13418 - 900 - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
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<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Feijoo, Alexander</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Cra. 27 ## 10 - 02, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Brown, George Gardner</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - CEP: 80035 - 050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. & Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111, CEP: 83411 - 000, Colombo - PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2023-03-15</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>5255</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>304</mods:start>
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<mods:end>323</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7744984</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D83875A0-EF3A-4C60-996B-34A1AF206356</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787BC9444521DFF39A9CC495D35E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787BC9444521DFF39A9CC495D35E4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection box="[151,376,223,250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,376,223,250]" box="[151,376,223,250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,376,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,376,223,250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,334,223,250]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,334,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Ocnerodrilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,291,347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BRSP" collectorName="P. Fonseca & M. Zagatto" latitude="-23.88169" location="Cap" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.50773" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" specimenCode="BRSP0445" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-juvenile="2">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[151,267,291,315]" collectionCode="BRSP" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">BRSP0445</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[278,390,292,316]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[427,660,292,316]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,660,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (
|
||
<quantity box="[1011,1101,292,316]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="0.0">0-20 cm</quantity>
|
||
), Cap„o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[388,496,322,346]" degrees="23.88169" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" precision="1" value="-23.88169">-23.88169</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[506,614,322,346]" degrees="48.50773" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" precision="1" value="-48.50773">-48.50773</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName box="[631,700,322,346]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">March</collectorName>
|
||
, 2012;
|
||
<collectorName box="[774,884,323,346]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. Fonseca</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[893,1009,323,347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">M. Zagatto</collectorName>
|
||
, colls
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,392,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
A total of 1209 earthworms were collected: 158, 111, 201 and 739 individuals (ind.) in Três Barras, Irati, Pirarí do Sul and Cap„o Bonito National forests, respectively. Overall, nine genera and 13 species (four of them new, as of yet undescribed), belonging to five families (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[670,829,464,490]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Rhinodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[843,1040,464,490]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Glossoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[1054,1225,464,490]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Ocnerodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1386,464,490]" class="Clitellata" family="Benhamiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Benhamiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,333,500,526]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were identified (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[528,614,500,527]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[152,244,2014,2038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Earthworm species, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" tableUuid="DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, 3). Eight are native species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Michaelsen)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1048,1432,500,526]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="duseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1048,1275,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Andiorrhinus duseni</emphasis>
|
||
(Michaelsen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a “
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,305,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">minhocuçu</emphasis>
|
||
”, i.e., a large earthworm species with>
|
||
<quantity box="[739,806,536,563]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
length,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Benham)" baseAuthorityName="Benham" box="[894,1259,536,562]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1138,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Urobenus brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Benham)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[1268,1436,536,562]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Ocnerodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[202,331,572,598]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Fimoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,331,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Fimoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[343,397,573,599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Feijoo & Brown" authorityName="Feijoo & Brown" box="[414,949,572,599]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="araucariaensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[414,742,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex araucariaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Feijoo & Brown
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[965,1113,572,598]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1113,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1124,1182,573,599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[1210,1358,572,598]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1210,1358,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1369,1421,573,599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[202,350,608,634]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,350,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[360,415,609,635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3. The other five species are exotic and/or cosmopolitan anthropochore (widespread and transported by humans) species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Kinberg)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[521,843,644,670]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,723,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Amynthas corticis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Kinberg)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[855,1179,644,670]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[855,1059,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Amynthas gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Kinberg)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1190,1436,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Metaphire californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Beddard)" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[275,619,680,706]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,499,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Dichogaster saliens</emphasis>
|
||
(Beddard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[673,948,680,706]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,948,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Pontoscolex corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M̧ller).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,392,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Although most of species collected are native, exotic earthworms represented 88% (1076 ind.) of the individuals sampled. The two most common families found were
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[761,941,752,778]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
representing 39% of the exotic earthworms collected, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[310,464,788,814]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Rhinodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 55% (being 86%
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[714,871,788,814]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[714,871,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of all individuals sampled. Both families occurred in all sites evaluated (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[398,487,824,851]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[152,244,2014,2038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Earthworm species, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" tableUuid="DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[509,689,824,850]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises several genera of Asian earthworms, and the two most frequent species sampled from this family were
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[688,803,861,887]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[688,803,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[857,974,860,887]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,974,860,887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, commonly known in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1225,1293,860,886]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
as “jumping worms”, both of which are widespread in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[613,681,896,922]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W." box="[695,942,897,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="297 - 381" refId="ref19280" refString="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2007) Ecologia, biodiversidade e biogeografia das minhocas no Brasil. In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: Biodiversidade e Ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 297 - 381." type="book chapter" year="2007">Brown & James 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both species had already been documented in Brazilian Atlantic Forests, including
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[599,714,933,959]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,714,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Araucaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[854,972,933,959]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[854,918,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baretta, D. & Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. & Cardoso, E. J. B. N." box="[1119,1334,932,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="384 - 392" refId="ref18818" refString="Baretta, D., Brown, G. G., James, S. W. & Cardoso, E. J. B. N. (2007) Earthworm populations sampled using collection methods in atlantic forests with Araucaria angustifolia. Scientia Agricola, 64, 384 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0103 - 90162007000400009" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Baretta
|
||
<emphasis box="[1210,1267,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bartz, M. L. C. & Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref18971" refString="Bartz, M. L. C., Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G. (2013) Earthworms as soil quality indicators in Brazilian no-tillage systems. Applied Soil Ecology, 69, 39 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apsoil. 2013.01.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bartz
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bartz, M. L. C. & Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G." box="[258,332,968,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref19028" refString="Bartz, M. L. C., Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G. (2014 b) Earthworm richness, abundance and biomass in different land use systems in northern Parana, Brazil (Oligochaeta). In: Advances in Earthworm Taxonomy VI (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Palmeira do Faro, pp. 59 - 73." type="book chapter" year="2014">2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Demetrio, W. C. & Santos, A. & Ferreira, T. & Naldony, H. & Cardoso, G. B. X. & Torres, J. L. M. & Dudas, R. & Oliveira, V. & Barreto, J. O. & James, S. W. & Silva, E. & Brown, G. G. & Bartz, M. L. C." box="[344,580,968,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="503" refId="ref19604" refString="Demetrio, W. C., Santos, A., Ferreira, T., Naldony, H., Cardoso, G. B. X., Torres, J. L. M., Dudas, R., Oliveira, V., Barreto, J. O., James, S. W., Silva, E., Brown, G. G. & Bartz, M. L. C. (2018) Earthworm species in various land use systems in the Campos Gerais region of Lapa, Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4496, 503. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4496.1.39" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Demetrio
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,514,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferreira, T. & Santos, A. & Demetrio, W. C. & Cardoso, G. B. X. & Moraes, R. & Assis, O. & Niva, C. & Smokanit, M. & Knopik, J. & Sautter, K. D. & Brown, G. G. & Bartz, M. L. C." box="[592,812,968,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="535" refId="ref19886" refString="Ferreira, T., Santos, A., Demetrio, W. C., Cardoso, G. B. X., Moraes, R., Assis, O., Niva, C., Smokanit, M., Knopik, J., Sautter, K. D., Brown, G. G. & Bartz, M. L. C. (2018) Earthworm species in public parks in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4496, 535. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4496.1.41" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ferreira
|
||
<emphasis box="[689,746,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krabbe, E. L. & Driemeyer, D. J. & Antoniolli, Z. I. & Giracca, E. M. N." box="[824,1037,968,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref20354" refString="Krabbe, E. L., Driemeyer, D. J., Antoniolli, Z. I. & Giracca, E. M. N. (1993) Avaiac " o populacional de oligoquetas e caracteristicas fisicas do solo em diferentes sistemas de cultivo. Ciencia Rural, 23, 21 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0103 - 84781993000100005" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Krabbe
|
||
<emphasis box="[914,971,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortiz, D. O." box="[1050,1175,968,994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" refId="ref20534" refString="Ortiz, D. O. (2016) Efeito do plantio de Pinus elliottii para fauna edafica e para a germinacao de sementes: estudos na Floresta Nacional de Tres Barras. Undergraduate thesis. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. 78 pp." type="book" year="2016">Ortiz 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pereira, J. M." box="[1186,1333,968,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" refId="ref20650" refString="Pereira, J. M. (2012) Atributos Biologicos Como Indicadores de Qualidade do Solo em Floresta de Araucaria Nativa e Reflorestada no Estado de Sao Paulo. Ph. D. Thesis. Escola Superior de Agricultura " Luiz de Queiroz. " 138 pp." type="book" year="2012">Pereira 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="da Silva, E. & de Lima, O. G. & de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref20954" refString="da Silva, E., de Lima, O. G., de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G. (2019) Earthworm populations in forestry plantations (Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus elliottii) and Native Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil compared using two sampling methods. Pedobiologia, 72, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2018.10.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
da Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,207,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, G. G. & Gabriac, Q." box="[283,554,1004,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="121 - 147" refId="ref19203" refString="Brown, G. G. & Gabriac, Q. (2021) Fauna edafica e epiedafica em Florestas com Araucaria. In: Sousa, V. A., Fritzsons, E., Pinto Junior, J. E. & de Aguiar, A. V. (Eds.), Araucaria: Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento no Brasil. Embrapa, Brasilia, DF, pp. 121 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2021">Brown & Gabriac, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Demetrio, W. & Brown, G. & Pupin, B. & Novo, R. & Dudas, R. & Baretta, D. & Bartz, M. & Borma, L." box="[565,799,1004,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" refId="ref19728" refString="Demetrio, W., Brown, G., Pupin, B., Novo, R., Dudas, R., Baretta, D., R ˆ mbke, J., Bartz, M. & Borma, L. (2022) Are exotic earthworms threatening soil biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest?. Applied Soil Ecology, 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apsoil. 2022.104693" type="book" year="2022">
|
||
Demetrio
|
||
<emphasis box="[677,732,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[999,1179,1004,1030]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
earthworms in all sites indicate that even native forests sampled here are not pristine environments, since these species are usually found living in human-disturbed environments inhabiting the surface soil layer and feeding on organic matter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Steffen, G. P. K. & Steffen, R. B. & Bartz, M. L. C. & James, S. W. & Jacques, R. J. S. & Brown, G. G. & Antoniolli, Z. I." pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="562 - 575" refId="ref21087" refString="Steffen, G. P. K., Steffen, R. B., Bartz, M. L. C., James, S. W., Jacques, R. J. S., Brown, G. G. & Antoniolli, Z. I. (2018) Earthworm diversity in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4496, 562 - 575. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4496.1.43" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Steffen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,392,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[343,504,1148,1174]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,504,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represented most of the individuals sampled (about 48%), but it was found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,291,1184,1210]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantations at Irati and at all sites sampled in Cap„o Bonito, where they dominated the earthworm fauna (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[230,319,1220,1247]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[152,244,2014,2038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Earthworm species, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" tableUuid="DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, 3). This earthworm can be found in basically all tropical regions, also associated with anthropic disturbance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taheri, S. & Pelosi, C. & Dupont, L." box="[294,495,1256,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="277 - 289" refId="ref21174" refString="Taheri, S., Pelosi, C. & Dupont, L. (2018) Harmful or useful? A case study of the exotic peregrine earthworm morphospecies Pontoscolex corethrurus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 116, 277 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. soilbio. 2017.10.030" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Taheri
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,429,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[542,613,1256,1282]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[624,782,1256,1282]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,782,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was already sampled in almost all Brazilian States (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="297 - 381" refId="ref19280" refString="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2007) Ecologia, biodiversidade e biogeografia das minhocas no Brasil. In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: Biodiversidade e Ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 297 - 381." type="book chapter" year="2007">Brown & James 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,392,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
The highest local species richness, considering both sampling methods, was observed in Irati which had eight species (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[248,396,1364,1390]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,396,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[402,460,1365,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[483,631,1364,1390]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[483,631,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[637,690,1365,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[718,832,1365,1391]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[718,832,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[846,962,1364,1391]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,962,1364,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[976,1135,1364,1390]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1135,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">M. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1149,1253,1364,1391]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="duseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1149,1253,1364,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. duseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1266,1429,1364,1390]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1266,1429,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">U. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,309,1400,1426]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,309,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), followed by Cap„o Bonito with six species (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[825,937,1400,1426]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[825,937,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">D. saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[950,1098,1400,1426]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,1098,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1105,1159,1401,1427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1185,1300,1401,1427]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1300,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1313,1430,1400,1427]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1313,1430,1400,1427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,319,1436,1462]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Ocnerodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[372,531,1436,1462]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,531,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Três Barras with five species (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[896,1099,1437,1463]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="araucariaensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1099,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">G. araucariaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1113,1301,1436,1463]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1261,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1314,1429,1437,1463]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1429,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[151,270,1472,1499]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,270,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[284,449,1472,1498]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,449,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">U. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Piraí do Sul with four species (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[870,986,1473,1499]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[870,986,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1001,1120,1472,1499]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1001,1120,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1135,1240,1472,1499]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="duseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1135,1240,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">A. duseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1255,1420,1472,1498]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1420,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">U. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Considering the vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus box="[466,517,1509,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, in general, native forests and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[869,984,1509,1535]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,984,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Araucaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantations had higher species richness compared to pine plantations, except in Piraí do Sul where both plantations had two species. Similar to slightly higher species richness in native forest plots (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[677,733,1580,1607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" type="generic">6 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
overall) and tree plantations (6 to 7 spp.) had been observed previously by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="da Silva, E. & de Lima, O. G. & de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G." box="[315,564,1616,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref20954" refString="da Silva, E., de Lima, O. G., de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G. (2019) Earthworm populations in forestry plantations (Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus elliottii) and Native Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil compared using two sampling methods. Pedobiologia, 72, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2018.10.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Da Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,480,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
at Embrapa Forestry in Colombo, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1055,1134,1617,1643]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where exotic species also dominated in the pine plots. However, although a considerable number Atlantic Forest fragments have been sampled in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[182,250,1688,1714]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Demetrio, W. & Brown, G. & Pupin, B. & Novo, R. & Dudas, R. & Baretta, D. & Bartz, M. & Borma, L." box="[267,512,1688,1715]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" refId="ref19728" refString="Demetrio, W., Brown, G., Pupin, B., Novo, R., Dudas, R., Baretta, D., R ˆ mbke, J., Bartz, M. & Borma, L. (2022) Are exotic earthworms threatening soil biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest?. Applied Soil Ecology, 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apsoil. 2022.104693" type="book" year="2022">
|
||
Demetrio
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,443,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), relatively few of them have had sufficient sampling effort to adequately assess species richness (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W." box="[345,596,1725,1751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" pagination="297 - 381" refId="ref19280" refString="Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2007) Ecologia, biodiversidade e biogeografia das minhocas no Brasil. In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: Biodiversidade e Ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 297 - 381." type="book chapter" year="2007">Brown & James 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,392,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Although the number of exotic and native species were quite similar between the vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1247,1306,1761,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(except for Cap„o Bonito, dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[493,655,1796,1822]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[493,655,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), we observed low species evenness and high dominance of exotic earthworms is almost all sites evaluated. The relative abundance of exotic earthworms ranged from 33 to 100% using hand sorting in Três Barras and Cap„o Bonito pine plantations, and in formalin from 50% to 100% in Irati pine plantations and all Cap„o Bonito sites. Low dominance of exotic earthworms (<50% of individuals collected, hand sorting) was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[432,547,1941,1967]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,547,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Araucaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(42%) and pine plantations (33%, but only three earthworms were found under
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,215,1977,2002]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,215,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at Três Barras, and pine plantations at Irati (41%) and Piraí do Sul (33%, only 6 earthworms collected).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="14" pageNumber="318" startId="14.[152,244,2014,2038]" targetBox="[163,1418,229,1568]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[152,1436,2014,2039]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,273,2014,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="318">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Earthworm species, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of
|
||
<tableNote pageId="15" pageNumber="319" targetBox="[163,1418,229,1568]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
native and exotic species sampled by hand sorting in each vegetation type in four Brazilian National Forests. NF = native forest; ARA =
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[308,551,187,211]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[308,551,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantation; PIN =
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[750,848,188,211]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,811,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantation.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<table box="[163,1418,229,1568]" colsContinueIn="16.[163,1416,374,1093]" gridcols="14" gridrows="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,229,290]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,229,290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,359,248,270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Earthworm species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[471,534,229,290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Origin</th>
|
||
<th box="[572,758,229,290]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Três Barras NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[798,829,229,290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">NF</th>
|
||
<th box="[864,915,229,290]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Irati ARA</th>
|
||
<th box="[944,983,229,290]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[1024,1205,229,290]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Piraí do Sul NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[1234,1418,229,290]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Cap„o Bonito NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,307,369]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,307,369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,298,307,329]" class="Clitellata" family="Benhamiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,298,307,329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Benhamiidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[185,377,347,368]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,377,347,368]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Dichogaster saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,307,369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,307,369]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">12</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,307,369]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,425,516]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,425,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,334,425,447]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,334,425,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolecidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="araucariaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolex araucariaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,425,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native</td>
|
||
<td box="[572,599,425,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">10</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,425,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,533,555]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[185,312,533,554]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,312,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[318,364,534,555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,573,673]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,573,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[185,312,573,594]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,312,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[318,367,573,594]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[185,312,612,633]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,312,612,633]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[318,363,612,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[185,312,651,672]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,312,651,672]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[318,364,651,672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,573,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native native native</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,573,673]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1 4 2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,691,713]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,691,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[185,296,691,712]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Fimoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,296,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Fimoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[302,348,691,712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,691,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,691,713]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,691,713]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,769,909]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,769,909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,323,769,791]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,323,769,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Megascolecidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[185,358,809,830]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">Amynthas corticis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[185,359,848,869]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">Amynthas gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[185,396,887,908]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">Metaphire californica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,769,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">exotic exotic exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[572,599,769,909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">11 3</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,769,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">24</td>
|
||
<td box="[726,758,769,909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[798,829,769,909]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">8 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,769,909]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">14 2</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,983,769,909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1024,1051,769,909]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">47</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1126,769,909]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">36</td>
|
||
<td box="[1173,1205,769,909]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,769,909]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">31 9</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,769,909]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">21 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1380,1418,769,909]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,927,949]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,927,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Juveniles</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,927,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[798,829,927,949]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,927,949]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,927,949]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,927,949]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,1005,1067]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,1005,1067]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[163,319,1005,1027]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,319,1005,1027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Ocnerodrilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[186,330,1045,1067]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family" status="n.sp.">Ocnerodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[336,382,1045,1066]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,1005,1067]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,1005,1067]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,1123,1224]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,1123,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[163,306,1123,1145]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,306,1123,1145]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Rhinodrilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[185,382,1163,1184]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="duseni">Andiorrhinus duseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[185,396,1202,1223]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Urobenus brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,1123,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">native native</td>
|
||
<td box="[572,599,1123,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">9</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,1123,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[726,758,1123,1224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[798,829,1123,1224]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,1123,1224]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,983,1123,1224]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">2 2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1024,1051,1123,1224]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1126,1123,1224]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1173,1205,1123,1224]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,1241,1263]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,1241,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[185,421,1241,1262]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,421,1241,1262]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Pontoscolex corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,1241,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,1241,1263]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,1241,1263]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">109</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,1241,1263]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">109</td>
|
||
<td box="[1380,1418,1241,1263]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">252</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,1280,1331]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,1280,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[185,314,1281,1302]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Rhinodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,331,1310,1331]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Glossoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
juveniles
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[471,534,1280,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">?</td>
|
||
<td box="[572,599,1280,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">5</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,1280,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">5</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,1280,1331]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,983,1280,1331]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1126,1280,1331]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,1280,1331]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1418,1388,1568]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,421,1388,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">Total collected Species richness % native species % exotic species % exotic individuals</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[572,599,1388,1568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">38 4 50 50 37</td>
|
||
<td box="[651,675,1388,1568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">57 4 75 25 42</td>
|
||
<td box="[726,758,1388,1568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">3 2 50 50 33</td>
|
||
<td box="[798,829,1388,1568]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">12 4 50 50 83</td>
|
||
<td box="[864,915,1388,1568]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">38 7 57 43 66</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,983,1388,1568]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">9 3 67 33 44</td>
|
||
<td box="[1024,1051,1388,1568]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">49 3 67 33 96</td>
|
||
<td box="[1102,1126,1388,1568]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">41 2 50 50 77</td>
|
||
<td box="[1173,1205,1388,1568]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">6 2 50 50 33</td>
|
||
<td box="[1234,1270,1388,1568]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">164 5 20 80 99</td>
|
||
<td box="[1305,1341,1388,1568]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">137 6 33 67 97</td>
|
||
<td box="[1380,1418,1388,1568]" gridcol="13" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">255 2 0 100 100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1651,2038]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">
|
||
In general, formalin expulsion collected a lower number of earthworms than hand sorting, as observed previously by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="da Silva, E. & de Lima, O. G. & de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G." box="[317,573,1687,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref20954" refString="da Silva, E., de Lima, O. G., de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G. (2019) Earthworm populations in forestry plantations (Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus elliottii) and Native Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil compared using two sampling methods. Pedobiologia, 72, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2018.10.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Da Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[426,485,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The efficiency of formalin compared to hand sorting ranged from 0% (no earthworms sampled) in pine plantations up to 82% in the native forest at Três Barras. Only at two sites (native forests at Irati and Piraí do Sul) did formalin expulsion collect more earthworms than hand sorting (192% and 147%, respectively); however, in both cases formalin basically collected only half of the local earthworm species present (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[159,256,1831,1858]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[152,244,2014,2038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Earthworm species, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" tableUuid="DF01662294445202FF36AECD49E932B4">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and 3). The differences observed in the sampling methods were expected. In tropical regions the use of hand sorting is recommended combined with chemical extraction, aiming to sample large earthworms (R̂mbke
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006). But, the efficiency of formalin on earthworm sampling depends on several factors, such as soil moisture during sampling and also the local earthworm assemblage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pelosi, C. & Bertrand, M. & Capowiez, Y. & Boizard, H. & Roger-Estrade, J." box="[825,1030,1939,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" pagination="176 - 183" refId="ref20579" refString="Pelosi, C., Bertrand, M., Capowiez, Y., Boizard, H. & Roger-Estrade, J. (2009) Earthworm collection from agricultural fields: Comparisons of selected expellants in presence / absence of hand sorting. European Journal of Soil Biology, 45, 176 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejsobi. 2008.09.013" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Pelosi
|
||
<emphasis box="[903,961,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gutierrez-Lopez, M. & Moreno, G. & Trigo, D. & Juarez, E. & Jesus, J. B. & Diaz Cosin, D. J." box="[1049,1383,1939,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="319" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref20140" refString="Gutierrez-Lopez, M., Moreno, G., Trigo, D., Juarez, E., Jesus, J. B. & Diaz Cosin, D. J. (2016) The efficiency of earthworm extraction methods is determined by species and soil properties in the Mediterranean communities of Central-Western Spain. European Journal of Soil Biology, 73, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejsobi. 2016.01.005" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gutiérrez-López
|
||
<emphasis box="[1243,1300,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="319">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also showed that chemical extraction is less efficient at sampling endogeic earthworms due their low mobility and lack of burrows connected with the soil surface. In our study, 70% of the earthworms collected using formalin were epiendogeic species (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[356,554,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,466,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Amynthas</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[608,771,151,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[608,771,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">U. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which live in the soil-litter interface, confirming previous results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="da Silva, E. & de Lima, O. G. & de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G." box="[262,507,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref20954" refString="da Silva, E., de Lima, O. G., de Andrade, D. P. & Brown, G. G. (2019) Earthworm populations in forestry plantations (Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus elliottii) and Native Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil compared using two sampling methods. Pedobiologia, 72, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pedobi. 2018.10.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Da Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[366,422,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="320" startId="16.[152,244,260,284]" targetBox="[163,1416,374,1093]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,260,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,275,260,284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Earthworm species occurrence, total abundance (number of individuals collected), species richness and percentage of native and exotic species sampled by formalin extraction in each vegetation type in four Brazilian National Forests. NF = native forest; ARA =
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[532,776,332,356]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,776,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantation; PIN =
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[975,1073,333,356]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1036,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<table box="[163,1416,374,1093]" colsContinueFrom="15.[163,1418,229,1568]" gridcols="14" gridrows="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,374,435]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,374,435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,359,393,415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Earthworm species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[487,550,374,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Origin</th>
|
||
<th box="[591,778,374,435]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Três Barras NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[810,846,374,435]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">NF</th>
|
||
<th box="[872,923,374,435]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Irati ARA</th>
|
||
<th box="[950,989,374,435]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[1021,1201,374,435]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Piraí do Sul NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
<th box="[1236,1416,374,435]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Cap„o Bonito NF ARA PIN</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,452,474]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,452,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,323,452,474]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,323,452,474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Megascolecidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,491,514]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,491,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[185,358,492,513]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,358,492,513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Amynthas corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,491,514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,491,514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">21</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,491,514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">16</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,491,514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">17</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,491,514]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,491,514]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">62</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,491,514]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">29</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,491,514]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,491,514]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">18</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,491,514]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,531,553]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,531,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[185,359,531,552]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,359,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Amynthas gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,531,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,531,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,531,553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,531,553]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,531,553]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,531,553]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,531,553]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,570,592]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,570,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[185,396,570,591]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,396,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Metaphire californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,570,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,570,592]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,570,592]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,610,632]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,610,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[186,341,610,632]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
juveniles
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,610,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,610,632]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,610,632]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,610,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,688,710]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,688,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[163,306,688,710]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,306,688,710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Rhinodrilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,727,749]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,727,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[185,396,728,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Urobenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,396,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Urobenus brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,727,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">native</td>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,727,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,727,749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">9</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,727,749]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,727,749]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,727,749]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,727,749]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,767,789]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,767,789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[185,421,767,788]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,421,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Pontoscolex corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,767,789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">exotic</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,767,789]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,767,789]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,767,789]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">83</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,806,857]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,806,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1890" box="[185,314,806,827]" class="Clitellata" family="Rhinodrilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Rhinodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,331,836,857]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Glossoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
juveniles
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[487,550,806,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">?</td>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,806,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,806,857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,806,857]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,806,857]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,914,936]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,914,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,333,914,935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Total collected</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,914,936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">31</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,914,936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">29</td>
|
||
<td box="[753,778,914,936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,914,936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">23</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,914,936]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">27</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,914,936]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,914,936]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">72</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,914,936]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">31</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,914,936]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,914,936]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">46</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,914,936]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">42</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,914,936]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,953,975]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,953,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,350,953,975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Species richness</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,953,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,953,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[753,778,953,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,953,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,953,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,953,975]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,953,975]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,953,975]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,953,975]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,953,975]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,953,975]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,953,975]" gridcol="13" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,992,1015]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,992,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,355,992,1014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">% native species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,992,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">33</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,992,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">33</td>
|
||
<td box="[753,778,992,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,992,1015]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,992,1015]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,992,1015]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,992,1015]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">33</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,992,1015]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,992,1015]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,992,1015]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,992,1015]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,992,1015]" gridcol="13" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,1031,1054]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,1031,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,352,1031,1054]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">% exotic species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,1031,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">67</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,1031,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">67</td>
|
||
<td box="[753,778,1031,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,1031,1054]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,1031,1054]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,1031,1054]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,1031,1054]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">67</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,1031,1054]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,1031,1054]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,1031,1054]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">75</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,1031,1054]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,1031,1054]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1416,1071,1093]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,433,1071,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,394,1071,1093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">% exotic individuals</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[591,619,1071,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">77</td>
|
||
<td box="[671,695,1071,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">59</td>
|
||
<td box="[753,778,1071,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[810,846,1071,1093]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[872,923,1071,1093]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">70</td>
|
||
<td box="[950,989,1071,1093]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[1021,1048,1071,1093]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">94</td>
|
||
<td box="[1088,1124,1071,1093]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[1175,1201,1071,1093]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">-</td>
|
||
<td box="[1236,1263,1071,1093]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">93</td>
|
||
<td box="[1303,1339,1071,1093]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
<td box="[1378,1416,1071,1093]" gridcol="13" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1177,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
Both extraction methods collected more juveniles than adult animals (data not shown), however, some species were found using only a specific method, and/or occurred in a single location, while others did not show any preference:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[284,398,1250,1276]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,398,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dominated at almost all sites evaluated, except Cap„o Bonito where
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1164,1322,1249,1275]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1164,1322,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more abundant. In general, hand sorting recovered a higher number of species compared to formalin, and several species were only found using this method at particular site, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[856,962,1321,1348]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="duseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,962,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">A. duseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Três Barras, Irati and Piraí do Sul;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="araucariaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">G. araucariaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[374,561,1357,1384]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,522,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Três Barras;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[742,890,1357,1383]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[742,890,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[897,954,1357,1383]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[978,1126,1357,1383]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[978,1126,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1133,1186,1357,1383]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[1214,1362,1357,1383]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1214,1362,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Glossoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1369,1422,1357,1383]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3 and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[198,356,1393,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Pontoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corethrurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,356,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">P. corethrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Irati;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown, 2023" authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[452,581,1393,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Fimoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="n.sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,581,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Fimoscolex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[587,642,1394,1420]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[653,765,1393,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,765,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">D. saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demetrio & Fonseca & Dudas & Zagatto & Feijoo & Brown" authorityYear="2023" box="[818,986,1393,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Ocnerodrilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in Cap„o Bonito.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1227,1386,1393,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1227,1386,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">M. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in native forest and pine plantations in Irati, and was collected only using formalin. This species is known from some South American countries (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[578,694,1465,1491]" name="Argentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[704,758,1466,1492]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[767,887,1465,1491]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[978,1046,1465,1491]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
previous studies found this species in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[321,488,1501,1527]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[499,578,1501,1527]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S„o Paulo,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[716,881,1501,1527]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[892,1042,1501,1527]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1096,1161,1501,1527]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Assis, J. E. & Souza, J. R. B. & Vieira, M. L. M. & Souza, J. V. N. & Rodrigues, G. G. & Christoffersen, M. L." box="[1176,1407,1501,1527]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" pagination="599 - 614" refId="ref18717" refString="De Assis, J. E., Souza, J. R. B., Vieira, M. L. M., Souza, J. V. N., Rodrigues, G. G. & Christoffersen, M. L. (2017) A catalogue of the eudrilidae and megascolecidae (Clitellata: Lumbricina) from South America, with two new records of exotic species from Brazil. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41, 599 - 614. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1604 - 74" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
De Assis
|
||
<emphasis box="[1283,1340,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1177,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">
|
||
All earthworm species observed in this study (except the new ones) had already been documented from the Atlantic Forest region, especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[583,698,1574,1600]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,698,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Araucaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, G. G. & Gabriac, Q." box="[919,1216,1573,1600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" pagination="121 - 147" refId="ref19203" refString="Brown, G. G. & Gabriac, Q. (2021) Fauna edafica e epiedafica em Florestas com Araucaria. In: Sousa, V. A., Fritzsons, E., Pinto Junior, J. E. & de Aguiar, A. V. (Eds.), Araucaria: Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento no Brasil. Embrapa, Brasilia, DF, pp. 121 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2021">Brown & Gabriac (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compiled the data regarding earthworm diversity in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[522,637,1610,1636]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,637,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">Araucaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests (native and plantations) from which they reported 39 species (30 native and 9 exotic).Although the four National Forest sites studied here hosted a good number of earthworm species, the high occurrence of exotic individuals indicates a relatively high level of anthropic disturbance in all vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1718,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">types</typeStatus>
|
||
sampled, including the native forest. The consequences of exotic earthworm invasion in Atlantic forest sites are still unknown, but similar effects as those found in North American forests may occur in this biome (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chang, C. - H. & Bartz, M. L. C. & Brown, G. & Callaham Jr, M. A. & Cameron, E. K. & Davalos, A. & Dobson, A. & Herrick, B. M. & Ikeda, H. & James, S. W. & Johnston, M. R. & McCay, T. S. & McHugh, D. & Minamuiya, Y. & Nouri-Aiin, M. & Novo, M. & Ortiz-Pachar, J. & Pinder, R. A. & Ransom, T. & Richardson, J. B. & A, S. B. & Szlavecz, K." pageId="16" pageNumber="320" pagination="3291 - 3322" refId="ref19344" refString="Chang, C. - H., Bartz, M. L. C., Brown, G., Callaham Jr, M. A., Cameron, E. K., Davalos, A., Dobson, A., G ˆ rres, J. H., Herrick, B. M., Ikeda, H., James, S. W., Johnston, M. R., McCay, T. S., McHugh, D., Minamuiya, Y., Nouri-Aiin, M., Novo, M., Ortiz-Pachar, J., Pinder, R. A., Ransom, T., Richardson, J. B., A, S. B. & Szlavecz, K. (2021) The second wave of earthworm invasions in North America: biology, environmental impacts, management and control of invasive jumping worms. Biological invasions, 23, 3291 - 3322. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 021 - 02598 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferlian, O. & Eisenhauer, N. & Aguirrebengoa, M. & Camara, M. & Ramirez-Rojas, I. & Santos, F. & Tanalgo, K. & Thakur, M. P." box="[260,472,1789,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="320" pagination="162 - 172" refId="ref19810" refString="Ferlian, O., Eisenhauer, N., Aguirrebengoa, M., Camara, M., Ramirez-Rojas, I., Santos, F., Tanalgo, K. & Thakur, M. P. (2018) Invasive earthworms erode soil biodiversity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 87, 162 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1365 - 2656.12746" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ferlian
|
||
<emphasis box="[347,404,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), particularly where the native earthworms have already disappeared (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Demetrio, W. & Brown, G. & Pupin, B. & Novo, R. & Dudas, R. & Baretta, D. & Bartz, M. & Borma, L." pageId="16" pageNumber="320" refId="ref19728" refString="Demetrio, W., Brown, G., Pupin, B., Novo, R., Dudas, R., Baretta, D., R ˆ mbke, J., Bartz, M. & Borma, L. (2022) Are exotic earthworms threatening soil biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest?. Applied Soil Ecology, 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apsoil. 2022.104693" type="book" year="2022">
|
||
Demetrio
|
||
<emphasis box="[1379,1437,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, where native earthworms are still present, competition may be an important phenomenon also limiting native earthworm species, as can be predicted from these empirical observations on the high abundance of exotic vs. native earthworm species at the national forests studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |