249 lines
33 KiB
XML
249 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="EBA5960625D47CA7DD6B1A83A5D43941" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.203410" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2aa6957-06d8-4386-b7f6-8a9c1bf0481f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="203410" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460345766871" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nemésio, André & Rasmussen, Claus" docDate="2011" docId="41351A6B742BFFADFF655ABAFEBEB1E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03006p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3006" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eulaema meriana Olivier 1789" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="BD0C6213742FFFA8FFF2594CFFF5B577" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698262006605" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="EFAAC0D73745E54A5AEE412E2CE80E13" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="27D962C2D482CBED42CEFFB0B7CA55EF">
|
||
<mods:title id="8870669F09675F248D5B6538CD73A229">Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="526CDCF0345016B7E55768B8E74C19A2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3C37F689D41ED5425F9337126D85DCDA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3A17D8F7A820BB068582DFBCF1761854">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3A0541377003ADC065E1CB9D6CDAE54E">Nemésio, André</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3FB9298B753773B7CC146E059BEA5717" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4F13AF850A6E225593CBEBFB7F9FD97A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7C274798592D8AFB4C060A51B4AF530C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="49A4E3BA288042E001A68F339302544F">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="374C12F8C358DD341702681CF8B9FB02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="03B547FDC826F0D4834451663AFB1708" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="ADA064EA76A88D39B17C70F0F62D8CBA">
|
||
<mods:title id="B27C630D0410D48D7CAF51795E44E69F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="60F76D4998F18AF57353F0B73F5386CA">
|
||
<mods:date id="57BB0C3FDF968D86A1F91E4D1588EE65">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="719B138E74B34D77A2143E16833C2029" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="71ECD7BD1F9A9E778F279C7CF2C538C0">3006</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="BCC0D49372536158D1C5E7C66126F65D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="483D540A5557D65065260D9425E30F06">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="BD4DD6140DBFAC94594AAFF40B82E34C">42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6F5EF1CE8026371CD8DBA1D4337F5186">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6BF32900CD9588B7E75C5EA50FC22BB4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.203410</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="642CAEE0EB379BCD61443D7C32E618AD" type="GBIF-Dataset">b2aa6957-06d8-4386-b7f6-8a9c1bf0481f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9BA0738680B0147C8519341CD7CB7741" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5922DD942C429DE371AF5A8DC84C3056" type="Zenodo-Dep">203410</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="41351A6B742BFFADFF655ABAFEBEB1E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4752368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41351A6B742BFFADFF655ABAFEBEB1E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41351A6B742BFFADFF655ABAFEBEB1E8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<subSubSection id="8186F8F6742BFFACFF655ABAFDB3B167" box="[151,582,1014,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF655ABAFDB3B167" blockId="4.[151,582,1014,1073]" box="[151,582,1014,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="926B1C11742BFFACFF655ABAFDB3B167" bold="true" box="[151,582,1014,1040]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF655ABAFDB3B167" bold="true" box="[151,582,1014,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFF465ABAFDB3B167" ID-CoL="3C9HS" authority="Olivier, 1789" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[180,582,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF465ABAFE7BB167" bold="true" box="[180,398,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema meriana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFE6F5ABAFDCBB167" author="Olivier" box="[413,574,1014,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8186F8F6742BFFACFF655D55FEC1B146" box="[151,308,1049,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF655D55FEC1B146" blockId="4.[151,582,1014,1073]" box="[151,308,1049,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="51A7B7F8742BFFACFF6D5D55FF10B146" box="[159,229,1049,1073]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1462,1485]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,445,1441]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789) and El. dimidiata (Fabricius, 1793) neotype (same specimen). A. Dorsal view, B. Ventral view, C. Head, frontal view, D. Mesotibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–4D)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8186F8F6742BFFADFF655D2EFEBEB1E8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF655D2EFE47B100" blockId="4.[151,470,1121,1174]" box="[151,434,1121,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFF655D2EFE5BB100" ID-CoL="FN48" authority="Olivier, 1789" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,430,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF655D2EFEEAB100" box="[151,287,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis meriana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFED75D2DFE5BB100" author="Olivier" box="[293,430,1121,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF655DCDFE23B1E2" blockId="4.[151,470,1121,1174]" box="[151,470,1152,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFF655DCDFE24B1E2" ID-CoL="FMZD" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,465,1152,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF655DCDFEDEB1E1" box="[151,299,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFEC35DCCFE24B1E2" author="Fabricius" box="[305,465,1152,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundun Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. T. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen] viii + 519 pp." type="book" year="1793">Fabricius, 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF655D8EFC05B1AD" blockId="4.[151,1008,1218,1243]" box="[151,1008,1218,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFE3B5D8FFDAAB1AC" ID-CoL="FN48" box="[457,607,1219,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFE3B5D8FFDAAB1AC" box="[457,607,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFD7B5D8EFCA1B1AD" author="Olivier" box="[649,852,1218,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789: 64)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF355C46FE99B057" blockId="4.[199,1437,1290,1589]" box="[199,364,1290,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">“Abeille Mérian</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF355C66FE64B048" blockId="4.[199,1437,1290,1589]" box="[199,401,1321,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFF355C66FE64B048" ID-CoL="YNV" authority="Meriana. Nob." authorityName="Meriana. Nob." box="[199,401,1321,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF355C66FEA4B048" box="[199,337,1322,1343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis Meriana</emphasis>
|
||
. Nob.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF355C05FE57B00B" blockId="4.[199,1437,1290,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF355C05FC01B029" box="[199,1012,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFF355C05FEB1B029" box="[199,324,1352,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Apis hirsuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nigra, abdomine segmentorum marginibus pallidè flavis; ano rufo.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nob.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF355C24FE89B00A" box="[199,380,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Merian. Surin. pl.</emphasis>
|
||
48.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF355CCAFDB4B361" blockId="4.[199,1437,1290,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Cette
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFEF15CC9FEBDB0EC" box="[259,328,1413,1435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">abeille</emphasis>
|
||
est une des plus grandes que nous connoissions. Ses antennes e sa tête sont noires. Les yeux sont bruns, e la trompe est plus longue que la moitié du corps. Le corcelet est noir e velu. L’abdomen est noir, avec le bord des quatre premiers anneaux d’un jaune pâle, e l’anus fauve. Les pattes sont noires, e los jambes postérieures sont très grosses. Les aîles supérieures sont noires, depuis la base jusque vers leur milieu; le reste est transparent. Les aîles inférieures sont obscures; leur pointe seulement est transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFACFF355F53FACAB343" blockId="4.[199,1437,1290,1589]" box="[199,1343,1566,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Cette
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFEF15F53FEBDB342" box="[259,328,1567,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">abeille</emphasis>
|
||
se trouve à Cayenne e à
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B18BEBED742BFFACFDB65F52FD6BB343" box="[580,670,1566,1588]" name="Suriname" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
: elle m’a été communiquée par M. Renaud, docteur en Médicine.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742BFFADFF655F2DFBD8B5A3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1633,2017]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1183]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The textual description refers to the bee currently known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFCA85F2DFBD0B30E" ID-CoL="3C9HS" box="[858,1061,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFCA85F2DFBD0B30E" box="[858,1061,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to one very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFACA5F2DFEFBB3EA" ID-CoL="4FRZ" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFACA5F2DFA69B30E" box="[1336,1436,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFF525FC9FEF1B3EA" box="[160,260,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with metasoma clothed in black and yellow setae on the first terga and in red setae on the last terga (“ano rufo”). Based on this description and on Fabricius’s (1793) description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFBC55FE5FA69B3B6" ID-CoL="FMZD" authority="Moure" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1960" box="[1079,1436,1705,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFBC55FE5FB2BB3B6" box="[1079,1246,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFB1D5FE6FA69B3B6" author="Moure" box="[1263,1436,1705,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">Moure (1960b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reached the conclusion that both species were the same, and established the synonymy of the latter under the former. The nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFEAA5FBDFE1AB27E" ID-CoL="FN48" box="[344,495,1777,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFEAA5FBDFE1AB27E" box="[344,495,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apis meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was largely ignored for more than 170 years; the nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFB8C5FBDFAA0B27E" box="[1150,1365,1777,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFB8C5FBDFAA0B27E" box="[1150,1365,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the only one used to refer to the bee we now call
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFD335E59FC7CB25A" ID-CoL="3C9HS" box="[705,905,1813,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFD335E59FC7CB25A" box="[705,905,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulaema meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until 1960, when Moure introduced the synonymy. Nevertheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFE8B5E76FDD3B226" author="Moure" box="[377,550,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">Moure (1960b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave no reason for establishing this synonymy. He stated that “probably the
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742BFFACFF655E12FF32B201" box="[151,199,1886,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of Olivier was destroyed” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFD865E11FCB9B202" author="Moure" box="[628,844,1885,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">Moure 1960b: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFC755E11FB71B202" author="Nemesio" box="[903,1156,1885,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Nemésio (2009a: 163)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noticed, J.S. Moure was ambivalent concerning the nature of the synonymy between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFCC75ECDFC4CB2EE" ID-CoL="3C9HS" box="[821,953,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFCC75ECDFC4CB2EE" box="[821,953,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">El. meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742BFFACFC1C5ECDFB8AB2EE" box="[1006,1151,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742BFFACFC1C5ECDFB8AB2EE" box="[1006,1151,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">El. dimidiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because in his first work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFF6C5EE9FECBB2CA" author="Moure" box="[158,318,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">Moure 1960b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he gave the impression that there were two onomatophores, one for each species (which would result in a subjective synonymy), but in his next work on this subject (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742BFFACFC185E85FB58B296" author="Moure" box="[1002,1197,1993,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Moure, J. S. (2003) [" 2000 "] As especies do genero Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossinae). Acta Biologica Paranaense (Curitiba), 29, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Moure 2003: 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he considered that Olivier’s (1789) and Fabricius’s (1793) descriptions were based on the
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFC4659D5FC1BB5C7" box="[948,1006,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">same</emphasis>
|
||
specimen (a primary objective synonymy). In his latter work, Moure insisted that the specimen was lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFC6259F0FBD4B5A3" author="Moure" box="[912,1057,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Moure, J. S. (2003) [" 2000 "] As especies do genero Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossinae). Acta Biologica Paranaense (Curitiba), 29, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Moure 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742AFFADFF3559ACFAA7B46B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Here, we intend to show both nomina were erected based on different specimens and that the nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742AFFADFAD559ACFF34B46B" ID-CoL="FN48" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFAD559ACFF34B46B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apis meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would partially refer, in fact, to the bee currently known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742AFFADFC935848FB05B46B" ID-CoL="3C9J6" authority="Mocsary, 1897" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1897" box="[865,1264,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyzona">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFC935848FBC4B46B" box="[865,1073,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eulaema polyzona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFBCD5848FB1DB46B" author="Mocsary" box="[1087,1256,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Mocsary, A. (1897) Species septem novae generis Euglossa Latr. in collectione musaei nationalis Hungarici. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 20, 442 - 446." type="journal article" year="1897">Mocsáry, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="51A7B7F8742AFFADFAF25848FAB6B46B" box="[1280,1347,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,649,672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,157,628]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,157,628]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eulaema polyzona (Mocsáry, 1897), the likely candidate of Merian’s (1705) actual illustration (see Fig. 2). A. Dorsal view, B. Ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203413/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742AFFADFF35586BFC19B7BB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Maria Sybilla Merian made several records and illustrations on insects from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B18BEBED742AFFADFBEE586BFB72B448" box="[1052,1159,295,319]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and published a detailed report of her findings in 1705. On her plate 48 (here reproduced as
|
||
<figureCitation id="51A7B7F8742AFFADFC7A5800FC3EB413" box="[904,971,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,177,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,117,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Original illustration from Merian (1705), with several insects found moving around the Genipa americana (Rubi-" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203412/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) she illustrated two Coleoptera, two lepidopteran caterpillars, and one bee. This bee was specifically and explicitly indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFB9B5823FAFCB4F0" author="Olivier" box="[1129,1289,367,391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as one of the specimens upon which he based his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742AFFADFD2158D8FC9FB4DB" ID-CoL="FN48" box="[723,874,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFD2158D8FC9FB4DB" box="[723,874,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apis meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“Abeille Mérian”, honoring M. S. Merian), even though the textual description does not entirely match the illustration. The first point to be made clear is that this indication, under the modern
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFE1D5890FDDFB483" box="[495,554,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Code</emphasis>
|
||
, is a valid one (if made before 1930, as happens to be the case) and could explicitly establish the onomatophore of the species. As there is a single bee illustrated [although it could be argued that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFF3B5B68FE62B74B" author="Merian" box="[201,407,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Merian, M. S. (1705) Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium. Ofte verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kikvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven. Voor den auteur, als ook by G. Valck, Amsterdam, 2 p. l., 60 p., 60 col. pl." type="book" year="1705">Merian (1705: 48)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpreted one of the caterpillars as the larval stage of the bee—see below,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFB085B68FA69B74B" author="Olivier" box="[1274,1436,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was clearly referring to the bee] this specimen must be interpreted as one of the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFBEE5B0BFBBBB728" box="[1052,1102,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens”. Article 73.1.4 of the
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFF315B20FF0BB7F3" box="[195,254,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Code</emphasis>
|
||
clearly apply to this situation, stating that the “designation of an illustration of a single specimen as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFF655BC3FF0CB7D0" box="[151,249,655,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is to be treated as designation of the specimen illustrated;
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFC7A5BDCFC95B7BB" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">the fact that the specimen no longer exists or cannot be traced does not of itself invalidate the designation</emphasis>
|
||
” (our bold).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C923AB7D742AFFADFF355B94FEBEB1E8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In addition, it is also clear from Olivier’s text that he saw at least one specimen of the bee we currently treat as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E9CD0FE742AFFADFF655BB0FE94B663" ID-CoL="3C9HS" box="[151,353,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eulaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBE8776F742AFFADFF655BB0FE94B663" box="[151,353,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eulaema meriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or a similar species), and probably this specimen was brought to him by Mr. Renaud.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFABE5BB0FF14B640" author="Olivier" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not explicitly write it, but there was no
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFD255A6CFCF2B64F" box="[727,775,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
concept at that time and we argue here that this specimen should be considered as part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFDC75A09FD90B62A" box="[565,613,837,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, which would result (together with Merian’s plate) in a syntypic series. Moreover, it is uncertain if
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFDE95A24FD4DB608" author="Moure" box="[539,696,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Moure, J. S. (2003) [" 2000 "] As especies do genero Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossinae). Acta Biologica Paranaense (Curitiba), 29, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="2003">Moure (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was correct, speculating that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFBFA5A2BFB5CB608" author="Olivier" box="[1032,1193,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Abeille. In: G. A. Olivier (Ed.), [Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes] Encyclopedie methodique, histoire naturelle, insectes. Panckoucke, Plomteux, Paris & Liege, pp. 46 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFB135A2BFA6EB608" author="Fabricius" box="[1249,1435,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundun Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. T. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen] viii + 519 pp." type="book" year="1793">Fabricius (1793)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based their description on the same specimen (although Olivier helped Fabricius with specimens; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFAFD5AC1FA65B6D3" author="Hope" box="[1295,1424,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hope, F. W. (1845) The auto-biography of John Christian Fabricius, translated from the Danish, with additional notes and observations. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 4, i-xvi, plate n. p." type="journal volume" year="1845">Hope 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Olivier’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFEF65AFDFEC1B6BE" box="[260,308,945,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are the bee illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFD155AE3FC79B6B0" author="Merian" box="[743,908,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Merian, M. S. (1705) Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium. Ofte verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kikvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven. Voor den auteur, als ook by G. Valck, Amsterdam, 2 p. l., 60 p., 60 col. pl." type="book" year="1705">Merian (1705)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the specimen brought to him by Renaud (now lost), whereas Fabricius’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="162715DF742AFFADFDF35A99FDC4B69A" box="[513,561,981,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is a bee originally deposited at Bosc’s Collection [Renaud’s specimens are apparently not known to be in the Bosc Collection], as explicitly indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFB985ABBFAAAB178" author="Fabricius" box="[1130,1375,1015,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, secundun Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. T. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen] viii + 519 pp." type="book" year="1793">Fabricius (1793: 316)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This latter bee is considered lost since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFDFF5D51FD42B143" author="Moure" box="[525,695,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Moure, J. S. (1960 b) Notes on the types of the neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">Moure (1960b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and, recently, a search for this specimen carried out by the curator of the Hymenopteran collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, where Bosc’s Collection is deposited, has been unsuccessful (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD0DD68C742AFFADFDEA5D28FCF2B10B" author="Nemesio" box="[536,775,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Nemesio, A. (2009 a) Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 2041, 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Nemésio 2009a: 163</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we reiterate the remark of this specimen presently being lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |