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<mods:title id="E345A58CC1EAAA9BB7697746CEB57F92">On the placement of the Cretaceous orthopteran Brauckmannia groeningae from Brazil, with notes on the relationships of Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89D0FA4CC4E28CC4D8EA200BCA6EEE65">Heads, Sam W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DD05AF9D794EBBC35DFBE751F2F8D4E">Leuzinger, Lea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="A8D6C290BB2A0444750E2CB063035FF0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.77.769</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="325EB51A702275FDE7BA91869E4425A8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:325EB51A702275FDE7BA91869E4425A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/325EB51A702275FDE7BA91869E4425A8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" scope_family="Schizodactylidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
<subSubSection id="9CEF6850B64A5A9DC73828452833A3A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4439E50D4825B25EF2D7E7E28BBB256B" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="CEACC7717999805D6EB43250C282C816" ID-CoL="8NYY8" authority="Brulle, 1835" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Schizodactylus
<normalizedToken id="1E6AB833AC9DBCB06A214F64BB363447" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1835
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5992E32CBA162B300BC65163DF38A208" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F2046D3CB09B17D1D37FAD0EEA0C193C" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="9D57F623C90369C27172D25FCDC83A0C" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="73CF04E28B97493953505DA929749684" author="Brulle, GA" journalOrPublisher="In: Audouin JV, Brulle GA (Eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 225" title="Cinquieme Ordre. Orthopteres." volume="9" year="1835">
<normalizedToken id="B24C6C7A75959426461788268D8CC46F" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
1835
</bibRefCitation>
: 161. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="7E18F1631C57A2460CF387FB32D27E58" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Gryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryllus monstrosus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monstrosus">Gryllus monstrosus</taxonomicName>
Drury, 1773.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B46A2985416B172D75692E9A9E433052" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="5AAE1E4521C388184B63F1159167778E" genus="Schizocephalus" lsidName="Schizocephalus" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">Schizocephalus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="DE8A05F630ED2D21262932E3B56A5185" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglicen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" pagination="247 - 394" title="Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden." volume="38" year="1888">Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888</bibRefCitation>
: 313, lapsus calami.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C66E091FD207FABB7F00DA2BE0979FA" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="30686B13D47A700FA6B480DBFA4DF9AC" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Dactylocomicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dactylocomicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dactylocomicus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="3861EEF87675A4A4807F6C68C3F414E9" author="Karny, HH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" pagination="99 - 105" title="On the geographical distribution of the Indo-African and Mediterranean Gryllacrids" volume="19" year="1931">Karny 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 102. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="ABAB1AC04687BF1190202264E29136E8" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Comicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comicus inexpectatus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">Comicus inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
Werner, 1901.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E045090B505E4F8975F9DB63766B705" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="025317E3D32708F9B39CAA2946E594C2" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Brauckmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brauckmannia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brauckmannia</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="82649F4D4755B100F1EA8B2074F087AB" author="Martins-Neto, RG" journalOrPublisher="Gaea" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 8" title="New Orthoptera Stenopelmatoidea and Hagloidea (Ensifera) from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa." volume="3" year="2007">Martins-Neto 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 4. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="409E7B5B169536F0579AEDD708C90003" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Brauckmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brauckmannia groeningae" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groeningae">Brauckmannia groeningae</taxonomicName>
Martins-Neto, 2007, syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38A70F7AF83AC099643734394DB7F549" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B3FA4DFD28C16C0C51FD6553655D9F93" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C779BC33F0E06D3A99BE504CA0C678B8" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="8EE8E78E55D519EB7F3EAEFB75272251" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
as presently defined comprises all large and robust schizodactylids with wings developed and, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="8B6CB8E3A7D5210DAB04551461520D91" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus inexpectatus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">Schizodactylus inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
in which the wings are reduced, extending beyond the apex of the abdomen where they terminate in a conspicuous coil.
<taxonomicName id="C9EA52BAE3C46A4D169AB8DB58DF01EB" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
species are further characterised by greatly enlarged mouthparts, a broad diamond-shaped labrum, and strong laterally compressed pro- and mesothoracic legs. The genus is readily separated from
<taxonomicName id="B66B67B71D125B0DD046627C8A08DF8E" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Comicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Comicus</taxonomicName>
, the only other genus in the family, which is characterised by a markedly smaller and more gracile body (usually less than 25 mm in length), long, slender legs, and complete reduction of the wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C16B361164D27DAD5B370EE893393ABA" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="comments">
<paragraph id="3C1D951FE307C820B12293537D55ACE0" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<pageBreakToken id="10A9C1FE171EFEDF2A56CE3B0FADF89C" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B53D84274A4F12BD142330952AF5D87" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Given the presence of distinctively coiled wings and well-developed lateral processes on the tarsi, there can be no doubt as to the placement of
<taxonomicName id="29A123C4D12B8BA4E673BD485644B8CE" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Brauckmannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brauckmannia groeningae" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groeningae">Brauckmannia groeningae</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="646FB87E5863FE339A03586990E44FB1" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Schizodactylidae</taxonomicName>
. In addition, there are no characters preserved in either the holotype (so far as can be seen from
<normalizedToken id="B2E185FD3B8023DB3D31A81D18746445" originalValue="Martins-Netos">Martins-Neto's</normalizedToken>
illustrations) or the new material described below to exclude the species from the genus
<taxonomicName id="29F7FD79FB6B72493F79091E6C5F60C4" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
. Both fossil specimens match closely the general habitus, tarsal morphology and metatibial armature of extant
<taxonomicName id="DCD217DB90510E7281246550D55CD911" class="Insecta" family="Schizodactylidae" genus="Schizodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizodactylus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizodactylus</taxonomicName>
species, and there are no convincing apomorphies to support separate generic placement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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