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<document id="3EC311680A048CAAC797073D09EFACFF" ID-CLB-Dataset="4941" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-73.4.905" ID-GBIF-Dataset="549ef63a-2c40-4e70-b360-155e111016a3" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4790165" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621946898888" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hespenheide, Henry A." docDate="2019" docId="DB5AFC3EC7385708C0B2E527FB36F938" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.73.4.905-939.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin (MIMICRY AND LAEMOSACCUS In an earlier paper (Hespenheide 1996), I presented the hypothesis that species of Laemosaccus of the L. nephele group with red humeral spots on the elytra were Batesian mimics of members of the Chrysomelidae in the subfamily Clytrinae. There is no evidence that Laemosaccus species are distasteful, and what is either L. nephele and / or L. obrieni have been reported as prey items of birds (Beal 1912). In Cave Creek Canyon, Cochise County, Arizona, 21 forms (species and “ subspecies ”) of Clytrinae were hypothesized to be the primary models of 22 species of mimics in the families Anthribidae (one species), Bruchidae (two species), Buprestidae (four species), Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae (three species), Coccinellidae (six species), Curculionidae, subfamily Baridinae (one species), and Laemosaccus (five species). Of these, the coccinellids and the cryptocephaline chrysomelids are probably distasteful Mullerian co-mimics. Ecologically, the species of Laemosaccus co-occurred with their clytrine models on both desert legumes and canyon oaks, although more clytrine species occurred in the desert and more Laemosaccus species occurred in the canyons. Species of clytrines showing the mimetic pattern are common throughout Mexico (Bellamy 2003, who renamed the Mexican buprestid genus Acherusia Laporte and Gory, 1837 as Mimicoclytrina Bellamy to reflect their resemblance to clytrines), but decline in numbers of species and in the proportion of the clytrine fauna through Central America to Panama (Hespenheide 1996, fig. 2). Laemosaccus seems to follow a similar pattern. Mimicry is more common in large faunas, especially in wet tropical areas (Hespenheide 1986, 1995); because the largest clytrine fauna is in Mexico, the clytrine mimicry complex is also larger there (Hespenheide 1996). This complex has more members than I first enumerated and deserves further study. The evolution of mimicry produces resemblances between unrelated species (Laemosaccus and other putative mimics, with clytrines and perhaps other Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae as models; see Hespenheide 1976, 1996) and selects against the divergence of related species. In Batesian mimicry - hypothesized to be the form of relationship between Laemosaccus and clytrines - the selection for precision of mimicry is stronger on the mimic (Laemosaccus), so that resemblances among them should be closer, regardless of ancestry. Close morphological resemblances based on ecology rather than ancestry may be termed mimetic homoplasy (Hespenheide 2005) and can make recognition of species difficult (as in Laemosaccus) or complicate phylogenetic analyses. I have speculated (Hespenheide 1996) that the sympatric “ subspecies ” of the clytrine models (Moldenke 1970) may in fact be reproductively isolated sibling species. It will be interesting to see whether or not genomic studies show the closeness of relationships among Laemosaccus species that the morphology suggests) 73 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.4.905" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D94AA43905A5ECAD3A4A280834A9134.5:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="6D94AA43905A5ECAD3A4A280834A9134" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Laemosaccus" docType="key" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="937" masterDocId="27638446C7275728C07DE130FF9FFFF9" masterDocTitle="A Review of the Genus Laemosaccus Schönherr, 1826 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Mesoptiliinae) from Baja California and America North of Mexico: Diversity and Mimicry" masterLastPageNumber="939" masterPageNumber="905" pageNumber="936" updateTime="1698989715722" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E72AB13DB92CB0EFA1BEFF1B1B451DC0">A Review of the Genus Laemosaccus Schönherr, 1826 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Mesoptiliinae) from Baja California and America North of Mexico: Diversity and Mimicry</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D0B98658009BA68642BC562B1A030B0B">MIMICRY AND LAEMOSACCUS In an earlier paper (Hespenheide 1996), I presented the hypothesis that species of Laemosaccus of the L. nephele group with red humeral spots on the elytra were Batesian mimics of members of the Chrysomelidae in the subfamily Clytrinae. There is no evidence that Laemosaccus species are distasteful, and what is either L. nephele and / or L. obrieni have been reported as prey items of birds (Beal 1912). In Cave Creek Canyon, Cochise County, Arizona, 21 forms (species and “ subspecies ”) of Clytrinae were hypothesized to be the primary models of 22 species of mimics in the families Anthribidae (one species), Bruchidae (two species), Buprestidae (four species), Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae (three species), Coccinellidae (six species), Curculionidae, subfamily Baridinae (one species), and Laemosaccus (five species). Of these, the coccinellids and the cryptocephaline chrysomelids are probably distasteful Mullerian co-mimics. Ecologically, the species of Laemosaccus co-occurred with their clytrine models on both desert legumes and canyon oaks, although more clytrine species occurred in the desert and more Laemosaccus species occurred in the canyons. Species of clytrines showing the mimetic pattern are common throughout Mexico (Bellamy 2003, who renamed the Mexican buprestid genus Acherusia Laporte and Gory, 1837 as Mimicoclytrina Bellamy to reflect their resemblance to clytrines), but decline in numbers of species and in the proportion of the clytrine fauna through Central America to Panama (Hespenheide 1996, fig. 2). Laemosaccus seems to follow a similar pattern. Mimicry is more common in large faunas, especially in wet tropical areas (Hespenheide 1986, 1995); because the largest clytrine fauna is in Mexico, the clytrine mimicry complex is also larger there (Hespenheide 1996). This complex has more members than I first enumerated and deserves further study. The evolution of mimicry produces resemblances between unrelated species (Laemosaccus and other putative mimics, with clytrines and perhaps other Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae as models; see Hespenheide 1976, 1996) and selects against the divergence of related species. In Batesian mimicry - hypothesized to be the form of relationship between Laemosaccus and clytrines - the selection for precision of mimicry is stronger on the mimic (Laemosaccus), so that resemblances among them should be closer, regardless of ancestry. Close morphological resemblances based on ecology rather than ancestry may be termed mimetic homoplasy (Hespenheide 2005) and can make recognition of species difficult (as in Laemosaccus) or complicate phylogenetic analyses. I have speculated (Hespenheide 1996) that the sympatric “ subspecies ” of the clytrine models (Moldenke 1970) may in fact be reproductively isolated sibling species. It will be interesting to see whether or not genomic studies show the closeness of relationships among Laemosaccus species that the morphology suggests</mods:title>
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KEY TO ADULTS OF THE SPECIES OF 
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<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C0C5E504FED9FBB3" bold="true" box="[184,326,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">LAEMOSACCUS</emphasis>
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OF 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C10CE504FDB3FBB0" box="[369,556,1076,1099]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">BAJA CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
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AND 
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AMERICA NORTH OF 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C1B3E561FDBBFB9E" box="[462,548,1105,1128]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">MEXICO</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
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1. Species entirely black and from 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C25AE54FFDC3FB6D" box="[551,604,1151,1172]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Texas</collectingRegion>
or 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C0A4E5AAFEBAFB56" box="[217,293,1178,1199]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Arizona</collectingRegion>
; profemora carinate on dorsal side. Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C167E584FEE0FB30" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[282,383,1204,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C1F5E584FDB1FB30" bold="true" box="[392,558,1204,1225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C1F5E584FE71FB30" ID-CoL="6NS9X" box="[392,494,1204,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C1F5E584FE71FB30" bold="true" box="[392,494,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. texanus</emphasis>
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group
</emphasis>
........ 2
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1 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C0DEE5FEFF37FB1D" bold="true" box="[163,168,1230,1252]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Species black with larger or smaller red posthumeral spot on elytron, or if entirely black, then from 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C1FBE434FDD6FAE0" box="[390,585,1284,1305]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
; profemora not carinate on dorsal side. Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C0A4E409FEACFAB7" ID-CoL="623R7" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[217,307,1337,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C140E409FE08FAB7" ID-CoL="623QT" box="[317,407,1337,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C1DFE409FD94FAB7" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[418,523,1337,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C268E409FE89FA90" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C268E409FDE2FAB7" ID-CoL="6C3CW" box="[533,637,1337,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nephele">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C268E409FDE2FAB7" bold="true" box="[533,637,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. nephele</emphasis>
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group
</emphasis>
.............................................. 3
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2. 
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; rostrum dorsally strongly 5-carinate, punctures on pronotum confluent and parallel to midline. Host: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C1C9E493FD99FA41" ID-CoL="8ZYJK" box="[436,518,1443,1464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abutilon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C1C9E493FD99FA41" box="[436,518,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Abutilon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
............... .......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C269E48DFDE1FA2B" ID-CoL="6NS9X" box="[532,638,1469,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C269E48DFDE1FA2B" bold="true" box="[532,638,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. texanus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C0EAE4E8FDE2F9C4" blockId="31.[151,639,1151,1730]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C0EAE4E8FDE2F9C4" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
2 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C0DEE4E8FF37FA17" bold="true" box="[163,168,1496,1518]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C0A4E4E8FEB7FA14" box="[217,296,1496,1517]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Arizona</collectingRegion>
; rostrum dorsally weakly 3-carinate; punctures on pronotum confluent and convergent on midline. Host: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C1AAE73DFDDEF9DB" ID-CoL="4QG7" box="[471,577,1549,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C1AAE73DFDDEF9DB" box="[471,577,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Gossypium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
....... .......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C26EE718FDE2F9C4" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[531,637,1576,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C26EE718FDE2F9C4" bold="true" box="[531,637,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. gossypii</emphasis>
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3. Abdominal tergites 7 and 8 visible; 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C26AE773FDD2F9A1" bold="true" box="[535,589,1603,1624]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">males</emphasis>
.... 4
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C0EAE76DFDE1F974" blockId="31.[151,639,1151,1730]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C0EAE76DFDE1F974" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
3 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C0DEE76DFF37F98A" bold="true" box="[163,168,1629,1651]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Only abdominal tergite 7 visible; 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C0A4E748FEB8F974" bold="true" box="[217,295,1656,1677]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">females</emphasis>
........................................ 18
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<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C0EAE7A2FDE1F93B" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
4. Red spots on elytra small, usually &lt;0.25X elytral length, or absent; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C107E79DFD9DF93B" box="[378,514,1709,1730]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Baja California</collectingRegion>
............... 5
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</paragraph>
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4 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E1F1FD21FF2E" bold="true" box="[697,702,193,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Red spots on elytra usually&gt;0.5X elytral length; Massachusetts, Ontario, and Colorado south to Florida, Arizona, and mainland 
<collectingCountry id="2BE40DB8C7385737C292E021FCA8FEDF" box="[751,823,273,294]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Mexico</collectingCountry>
............................................ 6
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E01CFB0BFD9C" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E01CFB0BFE3C" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E01CFB0BFE3C" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
5. Basal half of rostrum shiny, sparsely punctate, separate lines of dense white setae from antennal insertions to top of eyes; aedeagus strongly arcuate in lateral view; widely distributed on the 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C300E0A6FB96FE52" box="[893,1033,406,427]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Baja California</collectingRegion>
Peninsula ..... ............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C45AE080FB0BFE3C" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1063,1172,432,453]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C45AE080FB0BFE3C" bold="true" box="[1063,1172,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E0FBFB0BFD9C" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E0FBFB0BFD9C" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
5 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E0FBFD21FE18" bold="true" box="[697,702,459,481]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Basal half of rostrum matte, densely punctate, setae at sides of rostrum from antennal insertions to middle of eyes; aedeagus moderately curved only at base, otherwise straight; restricted to southern end of 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C415E305FCE8FD9C" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C380E360FB0BFD9C" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1021,1172,592,613]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsularis">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C380E360FB0BFD9C" bold="true" box="[1021,1172,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. peninsularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E35BFB0BFCC3" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E35BFB0BFD36" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E35BFB0BFD36" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
6. Frons with dense, white setae, obscuring area between eyes and on rostrum only above antennal insertions; Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C448E390FB0FFD4C" ID-CoL="623QT" box="[1077,1168,672,693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
; Southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="2BE40DB8C7385737C30AE38AFC38FD36" box="[887,935,698,719]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">USA</collectingCountry>
.................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C445E38AFB0BFD36" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1080,1172,698,719]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burkei">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C445E38AFB0BFD36" bold="true" box="[1080,1172,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. burkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E3E5FB0BFCC3" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E3E5FB0BFCC3" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
6 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E3E4FD21FD13" bold="true" box="[697,702,724,746]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Frons glabrous, or if with white setae, not obscuring area between eyes and on rostrum only on sides or sparsely below antennal insertions. Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C3E1E215FC73FCC3" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[924,1004,805,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C3E1E215FC73FCC3" box="[924,1004,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E20FFB0BFC5D" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E20FFB0BFC97" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E20FFB0BFC97" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
7. Abdominal tergite 8 conspicuously domed in lateral view; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C310E26AFC26FC96" box="[877,953,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Arizona</collectingRegion>
........... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C468E269FB0BFC97" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1045,1172,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C468E269FB0BFC97" bold="true" box="[1045,1172,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E244FB0BFC5D" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E244FB0BFC5D" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
7 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E244FD21FC73" bold="true" box="[697,702,884,906]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergite 8 more or less convex in lateral view, but not domed .................. 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E299FB0BFBF7" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E299FB0BFC20" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E299FB0BFC20" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
8. Eastern species – 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C3E3E299FB9CFC47" box="[926,1027,937,958]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, central 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C42AE299FB0EFC47" box="[1111,1169,937,958]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Texas</collectingRegion>
, and eastward ..................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E2EFFB0BFBF7" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E2EFFB0BFBF7" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
8 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E2EEFD21FC0D" bold="true" box="[697,702,990,1012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Southwestern species – western 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C45EE2EFFC0BFBF7" isEnumeration="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Texas, New Mexico, Arizona</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C3B4E2C9FBBEFBF7" box="[969,1057,1017,1038]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Colorado</collectingRegion>
........... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E524FB0CFAEE" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E524FB0CFB6A" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E524FB0CFB6A" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
9. Orange elytral spot large, reaching anterior and lateral margins of elytra; pronotal sculpture of rather large, distinct punctures not confluent on anterior half .................. .......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C457E54EFB0CFB6A" ID-CoL="6C3CW" box="[1066,1171,1150,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nephele">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C457E54EFB0CFB6A" bold="true" box="[1066,1171,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. nephele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E5A9FB0CFAEE" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E5A9FB0CFAEE" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
9 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2C4E5A8FD21FB57" bold="true" box="[697,702,1176,1198]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Orange elytral spot smaller, usually not reaching anterior and lateral margins of elytra; pronotal sculpture of small, fine punctures becoming confluent and parallel to midline on anterior half ........... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C44CE432FB0CFAEE" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1073,1171,1282,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C44CE432FB0CFAEE" bold="true" box="[1073,1171,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E42DFB0BFA4E" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E42DFB0CFA9E" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E42DFB0CFA9E" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">10. Larger species (&gt;3.0 mm); rostrum with at least white setae on sides above antennal insertions ........................................ 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E45DFB0BFA4E" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E45DFB0BFA4E" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
10 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2B8E45DFD55FA7A" bold="true" box="[709,714,1389,1411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Smaller species (&lt;3.0 mm); rostrum glabrous, or if with setae on sides, with tufts of setae on 1 
<superScript id="A486E060C7385737C32CE4ADFCC2FA52" attach="left" box="[849,861,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">st</superScript>
abdominal ventrite ............ 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385737C2D0E48DFB0BF9C5" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E48DFB0BF9FE" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E48DFB0BF9FE" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
11. Anterior surface of rostrum and propygidium uniformly, conspicuously setose; elytra uniformly setose; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7385737C309E4C2FC24F9FE" box="[884,955,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">Arizona</collectingRegion>
............. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C466E4C2FB0BF9FE" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1051,1172,1522,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howdenae">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C466E4C2FB0BF9FE" bold="true" box="[1051,1172,1522,1543]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. howdenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E73CFB0BF9C5" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E73CFB0BF9C5" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
11 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C2B8E73CFD55F9DB" bold="true" box="[709,714,1548,1570]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">ʹ</emphasis>
. Anterior surface of rostrum, elytra, and abdominal tergite 7 glabrous .................. 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7385708C2D0E772FD0CFEF5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="937" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7385737C2D0E772FB0CF938" blockId="31.[685,1172,193,1729]" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7385737C2D0E772FB0CF938" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">
12. Species usually&gt; 
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7385737C3E6E772FC47F9AE" box="[923,984,1602,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
; with conspicuous, strong teeth on elytral intervals 3 at middle and 5 beyond middle; rostrum 1.5X as long as depth of eyes; aedeagus tapering, acute, with black central region ................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7385737C45AE79CFB0CF938" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1063,1171,1708,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="936" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaurieae">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7385737C45AE79CFB0CF938" bold="true" box="[1063,1171,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="936">L. vaurieae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E1F2FD0CFEF5" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E1F2FD0CFEF5" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
12 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E1F1FF55FF2E" bold="true" box="[197,202,193,215]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Species usually &lt;
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7075708C1FBE1F2FE23FF2E" box="[390,444,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
; only slightly toothed on elytral intervals 3 and 5; rostrum short, subequal to depth of eyes; aedeagus variable ........... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E021FD0DFE52" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E021FD0CFEA2" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E021FD0CFEA2" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
13. Aedeagus uniformly pale brown with sides subparallel, apically broadly rounded ........ .................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C180E076FD0CFEA2" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[509,659,326,347]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C180E076FD0CFEA2" bold="true" box="[509,659,326,347]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. bimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E051FD0DFE52" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E051FD0DFE52" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
13 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E051FF55FE8E" bold="true" box="[197,202,353,375]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Aedeagus with black central region, sides convergent, apically narrowly rounded ...... ........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C24DE0A6FD0DFE52" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[560,658,406,427]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C24DE0A6FD0DFE52" bold="true" box="[560,658,406,427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E081FD0DFDB3" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E081FD0CFDEC" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E081FD0CFDEC" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
14. Metasternum with medial glabrous area; 1 
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abdominal ventrite with dense medial tufts of erect, hair-like setae; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C1C0E0D6FD96FE02" box="[445,521,486,507]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.................. ..................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C27AE330FD0CFDEC" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[519,659,512,533]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C27AE330FD0CFDEC" bold="true" box="[519,659,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E32BFD0DFDB3" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E32BFD0DFDB3" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
14 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E32BFF55FDC8" bold="true" box="[197,202,539,561]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Medial areas of metasternum and 1 
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abdominal ventrite essentially unmodified ............... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E360FD0CFD13" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E360FD0CFD63" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E360FD0CFD63" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
15. Aedeagus uniformly very pale brown, apex acuminate; tooth on profemur small, acute; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C093E3B5FEA5FD63" box="[238,314,645,666]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.......................................... 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E390FD0CFD13" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E390FD0CFD13" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
15 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E3AFFF55FD4C" bold="true" box="[197,202,671,693]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Aedeagus brown with black internal structures near apex, apex narrowly rounded or truncate; tooth on profemur strong.. .... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E3C0FD0CFBD1" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E3C0FD0DFC70" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E3C0FD0DFC70" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
16. Rostrum broadened toward apex, with medial impunctate area; ventral surface densely setose; orange posthumeral spot almost reaching anterior margin of elytra; abdominal tergite 7 with dense, long, erect or semierect, hair-like setae .......... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C279E244FD0DFC70" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[516,658,884,905]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clytrinoides">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C279E244FD0DFC70" bold="true" box="[516,658,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. clytrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E2BFFD0CFBD1" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E2BFFD0CFBD1" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
16 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E2BEFF55FC5D" bold="true" box="[197,202,910,932]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Rostrum not broadened toward apex, matte; ventral surface sparsely setose; orange posthumeral spot far from anterior margin of elytra; abdominal tergite 7 with sparse, appressed or semi-erect, hair-like setae ........ .................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C180E523FD0CFBD1" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[509,659,1043,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browerorum">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C180E523FD0CFBD1" bold="true" box="[509,659,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. browerorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E51EFD0DFB04" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E51EFD0CFB6A" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E51EFD0CFB6A" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
17. Aedeagus strongly curved, uniformly slender in lateral view, apex truncate; small spot of white setae on elytral suture behind scutellum ..................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C239E54EFD0CFB6A" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[580,659,1150,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileyi">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C239E54EFD0CFB6A" bold="true" box="[580,659,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. rileyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E5A9FD0DFB04" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E5A9FD0DFB04" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
17 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E5A8FF55FB57" bold="true" box="[197,202,1176,1198]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Aedeagus weakly curved at base and variable in thickness in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded; elytral suture glabrous behind scutellum .............................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C24DE5D8FD0DFB04" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[560,658,1256,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C24DE5D8FD0DFB04" bold="true" box="[560,658,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E433FD0CFA7B" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E433FD0CFACB" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E433FD0CFACB" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">18. Rostrum terete, more or less coarsely punctate or sculptured ....................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E408FD0CFA7B" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E408FD0CFA7B" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
18 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E408FF55FAB7" bold="true" box="[197,202,1336,1358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Rostrum more or less cylindrical, short, straight, inconspicuously punctate and shiny in frontal view ................................. 23
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E4B8FD0CFA15" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E4B8FD0CFA4E" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E4B8FD0CFA4E" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
19. Abdominal tergite 7 strongly domed in lateral view; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C128E492FE3EFA4E" box="[341,417,1442,1463]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.............. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C269E492FD0CFA4E" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[532,659,1442,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C269E492FD0CFA4E" bold="true" box="[532,659,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E48DFD0CFA15" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E48DFD0CFA15" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
19 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E48CFF55FA2B" bold="true" box="[197,202,1468,1490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergite 7 more or less convex, but not domed ....................................... 20
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E4C2FD0DF988" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E4C2FD0CF9D8" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E4C2FD0CF9D8" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
20. Abdominal tergite 7 glabrous; small species usually &lt;
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7075708C13AE73CFE0DF9D8" box="[327,402,1548,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long ....................... 21
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E717FD0DF988" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E717FD0DF988" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
20 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C0B8E717FF55F9C4" bold="true" box="[197,202,1575,1597]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergite 7 conspicuously setose; large species usually&gt;4.0 mm long; rostrum setose, without medial polished area.. .... 22
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C0D0E747FB36FEF2" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C0D0E747FD0CF938" blockId="32.[173,660,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C0D0E747FD0CF938" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
21. Red posthumeral spot&gt;0.5X elytral length; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C093E7A1FE46F95F" box="[238,473,1681,1702]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">New Mexico and Arizona</collectingRegion>
south to 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C256E7A1FEDFF938" isEnumeration="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Chihuahua, Durango</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C10EE79CFE2BF938" box="[371,436,1708,1729]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Sonora</collectingRegion>
........... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C276E79CFD0CF938" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[523,659,1708,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clytrinoides">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C276E79CFD0CF938" bold="true" box="[523,659,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. clytrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE1F2FB36FEF2" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE1F2FB36FEF2" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
21 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E1F1FD7FFF2E" bold="true" box="[731,736,193,215]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Red posthumeral spot absent or &lt;0.5X elytral length; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C330E1ECFB96FF08" box="[845,1033,220,241]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
..................... .................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C46EE1C6FB36FEF2" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1043,1193,246,267]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsularis">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C46EE1C6FB36FEF2" bold="true" box="[1043,1193,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. peninsularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE021FB37FE52" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE021FB36FEA2" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE021FB36FEA2" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
22. Anterior surface of rostrum and abdominal tergite 7 uniformly, conspicuously setose.. ....................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C454E076FB36FEA2" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1065,1193,326,347]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howdenae">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C454E076FB36FEA2" bold="true" box="[1065,1193,326,347]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. howdenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE051FB37FE52" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE051FB37FE52" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
22 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E051FD7FFE8E" bold="true" box="[731,736,353,375]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Anterior surface of rostrum glabrous, abdominal tergite 7 glabrous at middle, with tuft of semi-erect setae at apex ............ 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C441E0A6FB37FE52" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1084,1192,406,427]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaurieae">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C441E0A6FB37FE52" bold="true" box="[1084,1192,406,427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. vaurieae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE081FB36FDC9" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE081FB36FE02" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE081FB36FE02" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">23. Frons with conspicuous white setae along inner margins of eyes and extending onto sides of rostrum above antennal insertions ............. 24</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE330FB36FDC9" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE330FB36FDC9" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
23 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E330FD7FFDEF" bold="true" box="[731,736,512,534]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Frons glabrous or with a few setae on sides of rostrum at base ................................ 25
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE305FB36FD4D" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE305FB37FD86" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE305FB37FD86" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
24. Red spots on elytra small, usually &lt;0.25 length of elytra; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C3DBE360FBA7FD9C" box="[934,1080,592,613]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Baja California</collectingRegion>
.............. ......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C44AE35AFB37FD86" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1079,1192,618,639]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C44AE35AFB37FD86" bold="true" box="[1079,1192,618,639]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE3B5FB36FD4D" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE3B5FB36FD4D" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
24 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E3B5FD7FFD62" bold="true" box="[731,736,645,667]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Red spots on elytra usually&gt;0.5 length of elytra; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C335E390FCE0FD4C" box="[840,895,672,693]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
or 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C3DFE390FC71FD4C" box="[930,1006,672,693]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
........... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C430E3AFFB36FD4D" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1101,1193,671,692]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burkei">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C430E3AFFB36FD4D" bold="true" box="[1101,1193,671,692]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. burkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE38AFB36FCC3" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE38AFB36FD13" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE38AFB36FD13" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">25. Rostrum continuous with profile of frons and eyes, or only slightly angled forward ........ 26</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE3C0FB36FCC3" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE3C0FB36FCC3" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
25 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E3DFFD7FFCFC" bold="true" box="[731,736,751,773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Rostrum conspicuously angled forward from profile of frons and eyes; small species, usually &lt;
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7075708C320E215FC37FCC3" box="[861,936,805,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long ....................... 27
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE20FFB36FBD1" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE20FFB36FC47" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE20FFB36FC47" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
26. Species usually &lt;
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7075708C3CCE20FFB9FFCAD" box="[945,1024,831,852]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; orange spots on elytra large, often extending to anterior margin and contiguous at suture; eastern North 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C33AE2BFFC07FC5D" ID-CoL="TPL" authorityName=", Champion" authorityYear="1903" box="[839,920,911,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="908" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">America</taxonomicName>
west to eastern 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C43BE2BFFB36FC5D" box="[1094,1193,911,932]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
and central 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C30BE29AFC32FC46" box="[886,941,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
.................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C442E299FB36FC47" ID-CoL="6C3CW" box="[1087,1193,937,958]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nephele">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C442E299FB36FC47" bold="true" box="[1087,1193,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. nephele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE2F4FB36FBD1" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE2F4FB36FBD1" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
26 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E2F3FD7FFC20" bold="true" box="[731,736,963,985]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Species usually&gt; 
<quantity id="940BE0CDC7075708C3CCE2F4FB9FFC20" box="[945,1024,964,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; orange spots on elytra often not extending to anterior margin or contiguous at suture; western 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C429E2C9FB14FBF7" box="[1108,1163,1017,1038]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
to 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C379E524FCCFFBD0" box="[772,848,1044,1065]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
......................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C46EE523FB36FBD1" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1043,1193,1043,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C46EE523FB36FBD1" bold="true" box="[1043,1193,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. bimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE51EFB36FB1A" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE51EFB36FB81" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE51EFB36FB81" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
27. Elytral spots ≤0.5 elytral length, far from anterior margin; abdominal tergite 7 glabrous; western 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C3E5E553FC50FB81" box="[920,975,1123,1144]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
......................... 28
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE54EFB36FB1A" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE54EFB36FB1A" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
27 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E54DFD7FFB6A" bold="true" box="[731,736,1149,1171]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Elytral spots&gt;0.5 elytral length, reaching or close to anterior margin; abdominal tergite 7 with area of semi-erect, hair-like setae at apex; eastern 
<collectingCountry id="2BE40DB8C7075708C3F4E5FEFC26FB1A" box="[905,953,1230,1251]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">USA</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C3A6E5FEFBB8FB1A" box="[987,1063,1230,1251]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
............. 29
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E807558DC7075708C2BEE5D8FB36FA15" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE5D8FB36FA9E" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE5D8FB36FA9E" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
28. Abdominal ventrites densely covered with multifid setae; elytral striae with indistinct punctures; pronotum reticulate-punctate, punctures separate; western 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C469E408FBD4FAB4" box="[1044,1099,1336,1357]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Texas</collectingRegion>
............ .............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C427E462FB36FA9E" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1114,1193,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileyi">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C427E462FB36FA9E" bold="true" box="[1114,1193,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. rileyi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE45DFB36FA15" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
28 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E45DFD7FFA7A" bold="true" box="[731,736,1389,1411]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Abdominal ventrites 3–5 sparsely covered with simple, hair-like setae; elytral striae with coarse punctures; pronotum reticulatepunctate, punctures confluent on anterior half; 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C34AE4E7FC1CFA15" box="[823,899,1495,1516]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.................. 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C46EE4E7FB36FA15" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1043,1193,1495,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browerorum">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C46EE4E7FB36FA15" bold="true" box="[1043,1193,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. browerorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="534C4D28C7075708C2BEE4C2FB36F9AF" blockId="32.[707,1193,193,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE4C2FB36F9AF" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
29. Metasternum and 1 
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abdominal ventrite broadly glabrous at middle; rostrum sparsely, minutely punctate; southern 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C46AE717FBFCF9C5" box="[1047,1123,1575,1596]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
........ ..................................... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C460E771FB36F9AF" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1053,1193,1601,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C460E771FB36F9AF" bold="true" box="[1053,1193,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="E802EE1DC7075708C2BEE76CFB36F938" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">
29 
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C2A6E76CFD7FF98B" bold="true" box="[731,736,1628,1650]" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">ʹ</emphasis>
. Metasternum and 1 
<superScript id="A486E060C7075708C3B2E767FC44F99C" attach="left" box="[975,987,1623,1637]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">st</superScript>
abdominal ventrite uniformly densely setose; rostrum more densely, distinctly punctate; eastern 
<collectingCountry id="2BE40DB8C7075708C405E7A1FB36F95F" box="[1144,1193,1681,1702]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">USA</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingRegion id="913783CAC7075708C362E79CFCF1F938" box="[799,878,1708,1729]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">Arizona</collectingRegion>
. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 
<taxonomicName id="94F336ABC7075708C43FE79CFB36F938" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2019" box="[1090,1193,1708,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laemosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="937" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="6187913AC7075708C43FE79CFB36F938" bold="true" box="[1090,1193,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="937">L. obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>