283 lines
30 KiB
XML
283 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="574FF46F6667DFFE8A35588988AA037B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5392175" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5392175" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630316196429" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Borojevic, Radovan, Boury-Esnault, Nicole & Vacelet, Jean" docDate="2000" docId="B2494E1BFFADB251F496FA02FDD2A1B6" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.2.203-263.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphroceras Gray 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="4E703663FFBBB249F449FFCCFFE4A50A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1699223765294" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="4DD6898903CF56FEBE2D8449CE913FF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E27924FC8893BC1189CEC573ED622CA">
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<mods:title id="37D663A1F88FF45558DBDA1755F1474D">A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D011AC998687D60EB3049E1FBF9FEF9D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="940B7F48254D9AA0439CC1FF81978D78">
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<mods:roleTerm id="65CD7C7E2F38A60513768074CBF79235">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A3AA1ABB621CE3CFFE3FA3C70D91CD47">Borojevic, Radovan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40E3299E7F5E6DCDF8476751BE947FB9">Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68021, 21941 - 970 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) radovan @ iq. ufrj. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0434C46BB7B6C1386276DE607033D27D" type="email">radovan@iq.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6755DF846A6502C95584AFEA144F8C96" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="30A57DF727F8B5650FDAABE01C4CBD60">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0689656618E95248FBC6DC07027F8E8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EA45D7FFE0AE64DB15CF37930DF09888">Boury-Esnault, Nicole</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BE447543D60727A0D5660E09A45FE374" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BA1FE3C9F1A122D41C4493184AB935D9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F4D94F502462F8C41B17B269887771B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FC1C17B8DEE35EEA8C68779A3E9187BA">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C57146BE73FE3E4A20DFE3E2A703F780">Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille (CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, UMR 6540 DIMAR), Station marine d’Endoume, F- 13007 Marseille (France) esnault @ com. univ-mrs. fr jvacelet @ com. univ-mrs. fr</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="24BE8399A86918B87A3200191E01EB77">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3284F1C51FE0BE744FD4C9C8B70119DE">
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<mods:title id="BE497F342A235E5B862DDAFFB2A402E2">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7BF3D216A5CA1B727C172780594FB30E">
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<mods:date id="87B5DEEE76A513DDF4CEBA807CC6B5E3">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4B380BAFA6E03BA8A4925541BF479A76" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D10FD43D715C43E896718D1F176B507C">22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F87F129972B469181CCBD8D32042980D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6D189517653F8B8DA64D42E24D3CEBBC">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="73E1DE33449DA83BA3387C6ED577F3BE" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="562002E1F5AAA32E810F78EF2E73E03C">203</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6FF79D7897E15859A527907F3A5F0004">263</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="AF57B480758612B6389763BBE261883A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9E1A46182026DCD38A8C617BB1A3C8BD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5392175</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E833E1B5A740993CC811DBC529FCF861" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD3F5B64FF28746ACAAB0ECDF7845B31" type="Zenodo-Dep">5392175</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B2494E1BFFADB251F496FA02FDD2A1B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2494E1BFFADB251F496FA02FDD2A1B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2494E1BFFADB251F496FA02FDD2A1B6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFADB25FF496FA02FDFEA0E2" box="[223,538,1486,1512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFADB25FF496FA02FDFEA0E2" blockId="22.[223,538,1486,1512]" box="[223,538,1486,1512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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<heading id="61174861FFADB25FF496FA02FDFEA0E2" box="[223,538,1486,1512]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF562FA02FDFEA0E2" ID-CoL="84LGR" authority="Gray, 1858" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[299,538,1486,1512]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF562FA02FE7DA0E2" box="[299,409,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Aphroceras</emphasis>
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Gray, 1858
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFADB25FF43BF9C5FF3AA330" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFADB25FF43BF9C5FF3AA330" blockId="22.[114,647,1545,1594]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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<collectionCode id="5CF167C8FFADB25FF43BF9C5FF17A315" box="[114,243,1545,1568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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<typeStatus id="E55B41AFFFADB25FF43BF9C5FF47A314" box="[114,163,1545,1568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES
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</collectionCode>
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. —
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF56DF9C6FD82A328" authority="Gray, 1858" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[292,614,1546,1570]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF56DF9C6FE0FA328" box="[292,491,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Aphroceras alcicornis</emphasis>
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Gray, 1858
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFADB25FF43BF996FEA9A3AF" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFADB25FF43BF996FEA9A3AF" blockId="22.[114,647,1626,1701]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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DIAGNOSIS. —
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF544F996FE92A378" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[269,374,1626,1650]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
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with a leuconoid organization. The cortex is supported, at least in part, by giant longitudinal diactines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFADB251F6ECFB0DFDD2A1B6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFADB25FF6ECFB0DFCD2A1D3" blockId="22.[677,1210,1217,1704]" box="[677,822,1217,1243]" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFADB251F6ECFB2DFEE6A5EF" blockId="22.[677,1210,1217,1704]" lastBlockId="24.[114,647,205,1213]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF6ECFB2DFCFCA1F1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[677,792,1249,1275]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF6ECFB2DFCFCA1F1" box="[677,792,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Aphroceras</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is differentiated from
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF06AFB2DFB71A1F1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1059,1173,1249,1275]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF06AFB2DFB71A1F1" box="[1059,1173,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Leucandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of internal longitudinal diactines in the cortex (Fig. 22). In a previous study (Borojevic 1966), it was shown that the number of these spicules can be quite variable, ranging from a continuous dense layer to only very rare spicules, or even absence. In the latter case, it is not possible to distinguish this sponge from a typical
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF6BCFA1AFC83A0FA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[757,871,1494,1520]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF6BCFA1AFC83A0FA" box="[757,871,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Leucandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, we retain this genus at present, as we feel that the typical
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF00FFA39FB5DA305" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1094,1209,1525,1551]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF00FFA39FB5DA305" box="[1094,1209,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Aphroceras</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are easy to identify. Dendy & Row (1913) pointed out that
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF730F9FEFC08A346" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[889,1004,1586,1612]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF730F9FEFC08A346" box="[889,1004,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Aphroceras</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probably derives directly from
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF777F99DFC54A361" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[830,944,1617,1643]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF777F99DFC54A361" box="[830,944,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Leucandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a secondary acquisition of longitudinal internal diactines, and not from
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFADB25FF6A0F941FCF4A3AC" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[745,784,1677,1702]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFADB25FF6A0F941FCF4A3AC" box="[745,784,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="225">Ute</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a modification of the syconoid DESCRIPTION
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFACB25EF4C8FF83FB5DA3F2" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<table id="48E00DADFFAC4DB6F438FF83FB5FA208" box="[113,1211,79,1794]" gridcols="2" gridrows="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FF83FB5FA56A" box="[113,1211,79,96]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<th id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F438FF83FB5FA56A" box="[113,1211,79,96]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<pageTitle id="7A7F276AFFACB25EF4C8FF83FE26A555" box="[129,450,79,96]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Borojevic R., Boury-Esnault N. & Vacelet J.</pageTitle>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FEC5FB5FA417" box="[113,1211,265,285]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F6ECFEC5FB5FA417" box="[677,1211,265,285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">cx</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FD9FFB5FA76D" box="[113,1211,595,615]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F6ECFD9FFB5FA76D" box="[677,1211,595,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">ch</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FC0CFB5FA148" box="[113,1211,960,1090]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F6ECFC0CFB5FA148" box="[677,1211,960,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">ss as</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FB79FB5FA1C3" box="[113,1211,1205,1225]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" rowspan-1="1">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F438FB79FD74A1C3" box="[113,656,1205,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">a</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FA83FB5FA07C" box="[113,1211,1359,1398]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F438FA83FB5FA07C" box="[113,1211,1359,1398]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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FIG. 22. — Diagram of a transverse section through the wall of
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF6CBFA83FC21A06A" authority="(Bowerbank, 1858)" authorityName="Borojevic" authorityYear="1966" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[642,965,1359,1376]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensata">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF6CBFA83FCFBA06A" box="[642,799,1359,1376]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Aphroceras ensata</emphasis>
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(Bowerbank, 1858)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Abbreviations:
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF003FA83FBB1A06A" bold="true" box="[1098,1109,1359,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">a</emphasis>
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, atrium;
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF0E9FA83FB51A06A" bold="true" box="[1184,1205,1359,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">as</emphasis>
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||
, atrial skeleton;
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF4B9FAA9FEE0A07C" bold="true" box="[240,260,1381,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">ss</emphasis>
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||
, subatrial spicules;
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF5E0FAA9FE5BA07C" bold="true" box="[425,447,1381,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">ch</emphasis>
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, choanosome;
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF609FAA9FDB1A07C" bold="true" box="[576,597,1381,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">cx</emphasis>
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, cortex (from Borojevic 1966). Scale bar: 100 µm.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="84D0FD4FFFAC4DB6F438FA7AFB5FA208" box="[113,1211,1462,1794]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F438FA7AFD74A208" box="[113,656,1462,1794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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aquiferous system into the leuconoid one. Our studies on
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF540FA19FED5A305" authority="(Bowerbank, 1858) (Borojevic 1966)" authorityName="Borojevic" authorityYear="1966" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensata">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF540FA19FE9AA0E4" box="[265,382,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">A. ensata</emphasis>
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(Bowerbank, 1858) (Borojevic 1966)
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, point to a close relationship between
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF572F9DFFE86A326" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[315,354,1555,1580]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF572F9DFFE86A326" box="[315,354,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Ute</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF5D2F9DFFDF3A327" box="[411,535,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
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<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF5D2F9DFFDF7A327" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[411,531,1555,1581]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Aphroceras</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF571F994FE58A378" authority="Borojevic & Boury-Esnault & Vacelet, 2000" authorityName="Borojevic & Boury-Esnault & Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[312,444,1624,1650]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF571F994FE58A378" box="[312,444,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Leucandrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13A79E64FFACB25EF58AF99BFDE9A37B" box="[451,525,1623,1649]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
TYPESPECIES.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF546F95CFD62A3AC" authority="Jenkin, 1908 BMNH" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[271,646,1679,1704]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Leucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF546F95CFE5DA3AC" box="[271,441,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Leucilla wasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Jenkin, 1908BMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageNumber id="0A4BF4DBFFACB25EF4C8F926FF4DA208" ambiguity="1" box="[129,169,1770,1794]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" score="956.0" value="226">
|
||
<pageTitle id="7A7F276AFFACB25EF4C8F926FF4DA208" box="[129,169,1770,1794]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">226</pageTitle>
|
||
</pageNumber>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7019433FFAC4DB6F6ECFA7AFB5FA208" box="[677,1211,1462,1794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">
|
||
1908.9.25.59 byoriginaldesignation.Not
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFACB25EF07BFA75FD3EA0E3" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">Leuconiawasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 1936.3.4.537, in Burton (1959). DIAGNOSIS. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFACB25EF709FA35FC4DA31B" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[832,937,1529,1553]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a leuconoid organization. In addition to triactines the cortex contains tetractines, with the apical actines turned into the choanoderm. The articulate choanoskeleton is supported by subatrial triactine spicules, and numerous rows of choanosomal triactines and/or tetractines, with apical actines of cortical tetractines in the distal region.
|
||
<pageTitle id="7A7F276AFFACB25EF787F925FB5DA3F2" box="[974,1209,1769,1784]" pageId="23" pageNumber="226">ZOOSYSTEMA • 2000 • 22 (2)</pageTitle>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA3B251F43BFF21FDA5A10F" blockId="24.[114,647,205,1213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F43BFF21FF12A40D" authorityName="Borojevic & Boury-Esnault & Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[114,246,237,263]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F43BFF21FF12A40D" box="[114,246,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F5BCFF21FD86A40D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[501,610,237,263]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F5BCFF21FD86A40D" box="[501,610,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of tetractines in the cortical skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2DBE388FFA3B251F430FEE6FF2EA44E" box="[121,202,298,324]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[677,688,1093,1110]" captionTargetBox="[682,1208,206,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-4@24.[682,1208,206,1055]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 23. — Leucandrilla organization. Section made on the type specimen from Jenkin (1908b) (BMNH 1908.9.25.59).The cortex contains tetractines (t), with the apical actines turned into the choanoderm. Scale bar: 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5392213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5392213/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F55EFEE6FE61A44E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[279,389,298,324]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F55EFEE6FE61A44E" box="[279,389,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Aphroceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F4F0FE85FECDA469" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[185,297,329,355]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F4F0FE85FECDA469" box="[185,297,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of cortical diactines, the separation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F59CFEABFDBDA48B" authorityName="Borojevic & Boury-Esnault & Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[469,601,359,385]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F59CFEABFDBDA48B" box="[469,601,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F43BFE4AFF3BA4AA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[114,223,390,416]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F43BFE4AFF3BA4AA" box="[114,223,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not clear-cut. Dendy (1913), Dendy & Row (1913) and Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987) have already pointed out that some of the sponges with cortical tetractines that had been classified among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F562FDCDFE29A711" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[299,461,513,539]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Amphoriscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not very different from a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F518FDD3FE5AA733" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[337,446,543,569]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F518FDD3FE5AA733" box="[337,446,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are quite distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F4A4FDF2FEA3A752" box="[237,327,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F4A4FDF2FEA6A752" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[237,322,574,600]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Leucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and should consequently be classified in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F550FD91FE74A77D" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[281,400,605,631]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In particular they have a complete articulate choanoskeleton, reminiscent of the grantiid organization, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F43BFD75FEFCA7D9" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[114,280,697,723]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Amphoriscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While Dendy (1913) proposed that these sponges should be included in
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F43BFD3AFF02A61A" box="[114,230,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F43BFD3AFF06A61A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[114,226,758,784]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucandra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we now propose to isolate them in a separate genus in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F5D5FCD9FDF6A625" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[412,530,789,815]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, analogous with the recognized separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F5BDFCFFFD86A647" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[500,610,819,845]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Aphroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F5BDFCFFFD86A647" box="[500,610,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Aphroceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted that we consider the cortical tetractines in this genus to be a secondary character, corresponding to a modification of normal cortical triactines, while cortical tetractines of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F48DFC01FE82A6ED" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[196,358,973,999]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Amphoriscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a primary character, marking an independent evolutionary line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA3B251F43BFBC5FDD2A1B6" blockId="24.[114,647,205,1213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F56AFBC5FD66A12E" authority="(Jenkin, 1908 b)" baseAuthorityName="Jenkin" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[291,642,1033,1060]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Leucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F56AFBC5FE5CA128" box="[291,440,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">L. wasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Jenkin, 1908b)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which we propose to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E55B41AFFFA3B251F5FFFBE4FE01A148" box="[438,485,1064,1090]" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F4F0FB8BFED9A16B" authorityName="Borojevic & Boury-Esnault & Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[185,317,1095,1121]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F4F0FB8BFED9A16B" box="[185,317,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">Leucandrilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other sponges that had been classified in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F52BFBAAFE32A18A" box="[354,470,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F52BFBAAFE36A18A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[354,466,1126,1152]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucandra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F666FBA9FEB4A195" authority="(Row, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F666FBA9FF51A195" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
(Row, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA3B251F5C7FB48FEFEA1B7" authority="(Row & Hozawa, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Row & Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA3B251F5C7FB48FDFAA195" box="[398,542,1156,1183]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="227">L. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
(Row & Hôzawa, 1931)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also belong to this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |