488 lines
59 KiB
XML
488 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="2E6193876929A2D6613C602EF36728AA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173367" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d53f8533-c01f-4d41-8715-6c3c11178844" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173367" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459773967292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Padial, José M., Reichle, Steffen, Roy & Riva, Ignacio De La" docDate="2006" docId="A7478798FFBF24357879FDAE522C7540" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01278p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1278" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chaunus tacana Padial, Reichle, Roy & Riva, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="5B7EFFE0FFBD24337971FFF8516E702E" masterDocTitle="A new species of arboreal toad (Anura: Bufonidae: Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698217539049" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AF67245FB24EB72C281317A04F12FDD8">A new species of arboreal toad (Anura: Bufonidae: Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F78372BF3B7CDB5154A2999815CAB450">Padial, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89FBFAABF4870B904330E2F8B26C93C7">Reichle, Steffen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AEF41A3DAEB97FD6DD1E1C4FF6E517DE">Roy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB8850BD237B3E0EF8A2780EA38406A9">Riva, Ignacio De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BFDF1F56B7C6306D6AB066CB86B4C2C8">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A7478798FFBF24357879FDAE522C7540" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664115" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7478798FFBF24357879FDAE522C7540" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7478798FFBF24357879FDAE522C7540" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="67F46505FFBF24317879FDAE50EE72BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879FDAE535A725E" blockId="2.[264,564,598,659]" box="[264,564,598,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="741981E2FFBF24317879FDAE535A725E" bold="true" box="[264,564,598,624]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBF24317879FDAE535A725E" bold="true" box="[264,564,598,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317879FDAE50A1725E" ID-CoL="TQWN" box="[264,463,598,624]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBF24317879FDAE50A1725E" bold="true" box="[264,463,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="06A957E7FFBF243178A7FDAE535A725E" box="[470,564,598,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879FD8150EE72BD" blockId="2.[264,564,598,659]" box="[264,384,633,659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBF24317879FD81502B72BD" box="[264,325,633,659]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,772,796]" captionTargetBox="[539,1047,433,760]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[539,1083,432,761]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult female holotype of Chaunus tacana sp. nov. from Serranía Eslabón, Madidi National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7188)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173368/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBF24317825FD8150EE72BD" box="[340,384,633,659]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="7.[264,368,664,688]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,368,1202,1226]" captionTargetBox-0="[522,1066,326,645]" captionTargetBox-1="[522,1066,776,1184]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[522,1067,326,645]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[522,1067,776,1184]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral view of an adult male of Chaunus tacana sp. nov. from Serranía Eslabón, Madidi National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7187)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Dorsal view of and adult female of Chaunus sp. (left) from Department Cusco, Peru and the holotype (adult female) of Chaunus tacana sp. nov (MNKA 7188)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173370/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">3–4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67F46505FFBF24357879FD31522C7540" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879FD31501B72CD" blockId="2.[264,1322,713,899]" box="[264,373,713,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus id="F055882CFFBF24317879FD31501B72CD" box="[264,373,713,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317849FD0952AD73AD" blockId="2.[264,1322,713,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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MNKA 7188, an adult female from Huairuro (
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<geoCoordinate id="4ADA5049FFBF24317A0BFD0955717325" box="[890,1055,753,779]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-14.3245">14º19'28.2'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4ADA5049FFBF24317D5EFD09558E7325" box="[1071,1248,753,779]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-68.09336">68º05'36.1'' W</geoCoordinate>
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), path from San José de Uchupiamonas to Apolo, Serranía Eslabón,
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317D69FCE15503731D" box="[1048,1133,793,819]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madidi">Madidi</taxonomicName>
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National Park, Province Franz Tamayo, Department La Paz,
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<collectingCountry id="57F9761EFFBF24317A6FFCB9521A7375" box="[798,884,833,859]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBF24317AF5FCB952A27375" box="[900,972,833,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[530,1043,1435,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[528,1043,1433,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Bolivia with a bold square indicating the type locality of Chaunus tacana sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), collected the night of
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<date id="5B50104EFFBF24317D90FCB950AD73AD" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" value="2003-12-16" valueMax="2003-12-17" valueMin="2003-12-16">16–17 December 2003</date>
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by José M. Padial (field number JMP 556).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879FC41501473FD" blockId="2.[264,1323,953,1259]" box="[264,378,953,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus id="F055882CFFBF24317879FC41501473FD" box="[264,378,953,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317849FC19533F74C5" blockId="2.[264,1323,953,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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MNKA 7187 (field number JMP 555), an adult male (
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<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBF24317AC7FC19529573D5" box="[950,1019,993,1019]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,664,688]" captionTargetBox="[522,1066,326,645]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[522,1067,326,645]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral view of an adult male of Chaunus tacana sp. nov. from Serranía Eslabón, Madidi National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7187)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173370/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and
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<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFBF24317D4DFC1955FA73D5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1084,1172,993,1019]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">MNCN</collectionCode>
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42072 (field number JMP558), an immature female, both collected with the
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<typeStatus id="F055882CFFBF24317D7FFBF15516740D" box="[1038,1144,1033,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; an adult male
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<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFBF24317879FBC9500E7465" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[264,352,1073,1099]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">MNCN</collectionCode>
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42073 (field number JMP574) and a juvenile MNKA7194 (JMP575) collected at Arroyo Huacataya (
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<geoCoordinate id="4ADA5049FFBF24317B7DFBA153C0745D" box="[524,686,1113,1139]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-14.336694">14º20'12.1" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4ADA5049FFBF24317BCAFBA15235745D" box="[699,859,1113,1139]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-68.09925">68º5'57.3" W</geoCoordinate>
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), path from San José de Uchupiamonas to Apolo, Serranía Eslabón,
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317B10FB7953D874B5" box="[609,694,1153,1179]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madidi">Madidi</taxonomicName>
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National Park, Department La Paz, Province Franz Tamayo,
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<collectingCountry id="57F9761EFFBF24317809FB5150BF74ED" box="[376,465,1193,1219]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, collected the night of
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<date id="5B50104EFFBF24317B9CFB51529174ED" box="[749,1023,1193,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" value="2003-12-17" valueMax="2003-12-18" valueMin="2003-12-17">17–18 December 2003</date>
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by José M. Padial, Pere Comas and Pedro Macuapa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879FAD950E47515" blockId="2.[264,1322,1313,1539]" box="[264,394,1313,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317849FAB150A9762D" blockId="2.[264,1322,1313,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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The specific name is a substantive in apposition that refers to the Bolivian indigenous group
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317827FA8950C275A5" box="[342,428,1393,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">Tacana</taxonomicName>
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, who inhabit the lowlands and foothills of the
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317A96FA89555275A5" box="[999,1084,1393,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madidi">Madidi</taxonomicName>
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National Park. The
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317879FA615034759D" box="[264,346,1433,1459]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">Tacana</taxonomicName>
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people have successfully demonstrated (through management of the Chalalán Ecolodge) that community development is compatible with conservation of their cultural and natural heritage.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24317879F9C15013767D" blockId="2.[264,1323,1593,1899]" box="[264,381,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBF24307849F999551E71A8" blockId="2.[264,1323,1593,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1325,284,1510]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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A small species of
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317B6BF99953EC7654" box="[538,642,1633,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBF24317B6BF99953EC7654" box="[538,642,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Chaunus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with long and slender extremities, tentatively assigned to the
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBF24317842F971508F768C" box="[307,481,1673,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBF24317842F971508F768C" box="[307,481,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">C. veraguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBF24317B42F971531A768C" box="[563,628,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4B7F4B7FFFBF24317B0BF97152BD768D" author="Duellman" box="[634,979,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1992) Description of a new species of Bufo from northern Peru with comments on phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia, 1992, 162 - 172." type="journal article" year="1992">Duellman and Schulte (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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based on external characters. The new species is distinguished from other putatively related species by the following combination of characters: (1) canthus rostralis sharp, orbitotympanic and postorbital crest weak; (2) tympanum distinct, oval; (3) parotoid glands large, round, not contacting the tympanic membrane; (4) numerous scattered small, round warts on dorsal surfaces of body; (5) extremities moderately long and slender; (6) a dorsolateral row of round, enlarged, and elevated warts; (7) tarsal fold absent; (8) webbing on hands and feet fleshy (
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<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBE24307861FEBC50197170" box="[272,375,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,664,688]" captionTargetBox="[522,1066,326,645]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[522,1067,326,645]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral view of an adult male of Chaunus tacana sp. nov. from Serranía Eslabón, Madidi National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7187)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173370/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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); (9) first finger shorter than second (figure 3); (10) males with vocal slits; (11) small keratinous spines on dorsal surfaces of thumb; (12) iris green in life.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBE24307849FE6C55A67348" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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The most similar species is one that is being described by J. A. Chaparro, J. Pramuk and A. Gluesenkamp from Department Cusco,
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<collectingCountry id="57F9761EFFBE24307A27FE4452FE71F8" box="[854,912,444,470]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. We examined specimens of this undescribed taxon and compared them with
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<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307A7EFE1C52EC71D3" box="[783,898,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
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<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307A7EFE1C52EC71D3" box="[783,898,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. tacana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Both species are similar in habitus, both are arboreal and inhabit cloud forests and humid montane forests. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307C61FDF450367263" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307C61FDF450367263" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the species from Cusco as follows (characteristics of the latter in parentheses): fingers thin and long (thick and short); webbing of hands and feet less developed, almost absent between Finger I and II (well developed between finger I and II); tarsal fold absent (present); parotoid glands proportionally smaller; parotoid glands and tympanic membrane not in contact (in contact); vocal slits present in males (absent); dorsal coloration in life dorsally pale greenishbrown to brownishgreen with brown stripes or spots and red warts (homogeneously black); ventral coloration whitishcream with light brown reticulation (red with dark blotches); iris green (reddishorange).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBE24307849FC8C523C75C8" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307849FC8C509573A3" box="[312,507,884,909]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307849FC8C509573A3" box="[312,507,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from another similar and arboreal species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307C61FC8C50AC739B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arborescandens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307C61FC8C50AC739B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. arborescandens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mainly by the visible tympanic membrane (absent in the latter), and the concave internarial area (flat).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307B09FC3C525473F3" box="[632,826,964,989]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307B09FC3C525473F3" box="[632,826,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has visible tympanic membrane while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307C61FC3C50F2742B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboroensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307C61FC3C50F2742B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. amboroensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE243078C5FC145333742B" box="[436,605,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="justinianoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE243078C5FC145333742B" box="[436,605,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. justinianoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307B04FC14526D742B" box="[629,771,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quechua">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307B04FC14526D742B" box="[629,771,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. quechua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307A27FC145563742B" box="[854,1037,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307A27FC145563742B" box="[854,1037,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack visible tympanic membrane.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE243078D0FBEC53447403" box="[417,554,1044,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fissipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE243078D0FBEC53447403" box="[417,554,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. fissipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have a visible tympanum although barely evident. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE243078C2FBC4535F747B" box="[435,561,1084,1109]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fissipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE243078C2FBC4535F747B" box="[435,561,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. fissipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger [mean adult females SVL= 68.1 (range= 65.8–71.9, n=8); see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B7F4B7FFFBE2430780DFB9C534B7450" author="Kohler" box="[380,549,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Kohler, J. (2000) Amphibian diversity in Bolivia: a study with special reference to montane forest regions. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 48, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2000">Köhler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and has two prominent dorsolateral rows of tubercles. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307879FB7450EF748B" box="[264,385,1164,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fissipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307879FB7450EF748B" box="[264,385,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. fissipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the first finger longer than second, the parotoid glands are slightly elevated and not protruding laterally, and it presents serrate foot webbing. The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307885FB2453B674DB" box="[500,728,1244,1269]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307885FB2453B674DB" box="[500,728,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. multiverrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307A68FB2452E074DB" box="[793,910,1244,1269]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307A68FB2452E074DB" box="[793,910,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the nuptial spines on the first finger in breeding males, and by the lack of enlarged glands on dorsum and extremities.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307879FAD450A4756B" box="[264,458,1324,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307879FAD450A4756B" box="[264,458,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307B1DFAD453AC756B" box="[620,706,1324,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307B1DFAD453AC756B" box="[620,706,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. inca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the first finger shorter than second. The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307B34FAAC53A27543" box="[581,716,1364,1389]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nesiotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307B34FAAC53A27543" box="[581,716,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. nesiotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having pronounced parotoid glands (low and diffuse in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE243078F1FA84536F75BB" box="[384,513,1404,1429]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nesiotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE243078F1FA84536F75BB" box="[384,513,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. nesiotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a row of enlarged dorsolateral warts (absent).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307D15FA8455B975BB" box="[1124,1239,1404,1429]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307D15FA8455B975BB" box="[1124,1239,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307839FA5C50A17593" box="[328,463,1444,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rumbolli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307839FA5C50A17593" box="[328,463,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. rumbolli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the long and slender extremities, inconspicuous cranial crests and first finger longer than second (shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE24307BCAFA34522C75CB" box="[699,834,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rumbolli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE24307BCAFA34522C75CB" box="[699,834,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">C. rumbolli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBE24307879F9EF5327761F" blockId="3.[264,1321,1559,1905]" box="[264,585,1559,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F055882CFFBE24307892F9EF5327761F" box="[483,585,1559,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBE24377849F9C7532472DA" blockId="3.[264,1321,1559,1905]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,756]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
A small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBE243078D2F9C753657676" box="[419,523,1599,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBE243078D2F9C753657676" box="[419,523,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Chaunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with long and robust body (for measurements see table 1); head small, slightly broader than long, its width 30% of SVL, length 30% of SVL; snout short, subacuminate in dorsal view, acute in profile, with a vertical keel on the tip; cranial crests absent; skin of head not coosified with underlying cranial bones; internarial area concave; narines not protuberant, very small, oriented laterally; canhus rostralis sharp, concave in dorsal view; lips flat; eyenostril distance equal to eye length; tympanic membrane visible, conspicuous, oval, surrounded by granules, 70% of eye length; tympanic annulus thin, overlapped with surrounding granules. Forelimb long and slender; hand broad, with short fingers; relative length of fingers I<II<IV<III; basal webbing fleshy, extending as a fringe on lateral edges of fingers; webbing formula I1
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB924377A25FEBC5230717C" box="[852,862,324,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2</date>
|
||
II basal III basal IV; tips of digits round, not expanded; ulnar region granular with a row of enlarged tubercles; palmar tubercle round and low; prepollical tubercle irregular to ovoid, diffuse; subarticular tubercles ovoid to round, low, diffuse, inconspicuous; supernumerary tubercles round, diffuse, smaller than subarticular.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57F9761EFFB9243778D1FE1F50B5722F" box="[416,475,487,513]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs and feet long; tibia length 40% of SVL; foot length 40% of SVL; no tarsal fold; outer metatarsal tubercle ovate, prominent, 1/3 the size of inner; inner metatarsal tubercle large, prominent, ovate; relative length of toes 1<2=5<3<4; webbing fleshy, almost complete, but last phalange free, only basal between toes 4 and 5; webbing formula
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB924377803FD7250EC72BB" box="[370,386,647,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">I1</date>
|
||
/2
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB9243778E9FD7F50DC728A" box="[408,434,647,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1II</date>
|
||
1/2
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB9243778BCFD7F509F728A" box="[461,497,647,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1III</date>
|
||
1/2
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB924377B7AFD7F537D72BB" box="[523,531,647,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3</date>
|
||
IV3
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB924377B4EFD7F5330728A" box="[575,606,647,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2V</date>
|
||
; tip of toes rounded; subarticular tubercles low, round to ovate, diffuse, larger than supernumerary tubercles; supernumerary tubercles abundant, small, irregular or rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7B916606FFB924377879FCE755687377" ID-Table-UUID="7B916606FFB924377879FCE755687377" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7B916606FFB924377879FCE755687377" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[272,1271,890,1852]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB924377879FCE755687377" blockId="4.[264,1323,799,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFB924377879FCE750157319" bold="true" box="[264,379,799,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and proportions of the adult type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFB924377D6EFCE755A07318" box="[1055,1230,799,822]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFB924377D6EFCE755A07318" box="[1055,1230,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06A957E7FFB924377DA4FCE754457319" box="[1237,1323,799,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFB924377DA4FCE754457319" bold="true" box="[1237,1323,799,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(M, male; F, female; for other abbreviations see Material and Methods).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB924377B4EFC8255207712" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<table id="5DEEC42EFFB9DBCC7861FC8255997712" box="[272,1271,890,1852]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FC82559973BF" box="[272,1271,890,913]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFC82528973BF" box="[575,999,890,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">NKAA 7188 (F) NKAA 7187 (M)</th>
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFC82559973BF" box="[1069,1271,890,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">MNCN 42073 (M)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FC5C55997395" box="[272,1271,932,955]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FC5C50187395" box="[272,374,932,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFC5C52897395" box="[575,999,932,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">34.2 30.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFC5C55997395" box="[1069,1271,932,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">30.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FC37559973C8" box="[272,1271,975,998]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FC37501873C8" box="[272,374,975,998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFC37528973C8" box="[575,999,975,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">9.9 9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFC37559973C8" box="[1069,1271,975,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">9.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FC025599743F" box="[272,1271,1018,1041]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FC025018743F" box="[272,374,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFC025289743F" box="[575,999,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">10.8 9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFC025599743F" box="[1069,1271,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">9.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FBDC55997415" box="[272,1271,1060,1083]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FBDC50187415" box="[272,374,1060,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">EW</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFBDC52897415" box="[575,999,1060,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.8 2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFBDC55997415" box="[1069,1271,1060,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FBB755997448" box="[272,1271,1103,1126]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FBB750187448" box="[272,374,1103,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">ED</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFBB752897448" box="[575,999,1103,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3.1 3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFBB755997448" box="[1069,1271,1103,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FB82559974BF" box="[272,1271,1146,1169]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FB82501874BF" box="[272,374,1146,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">EN</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFB82528974BF" box="[575,999,1146,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3.0 2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFB82559974BF" box="[1069,1271,1146,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FB5C55997495" box="[272,1271,1188,1211]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FB5C50187495" box="[272,374,1188,1211]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFB5C52897495" box="[575,999,1188,1211]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.4 1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFB5C55997495" box="[1069,1271,1188,1211]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FB37559974C8" box="[272,1271,1231,1254]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FB37501874C8" box="[272,374,1231,1254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">EE</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFB37528974C8" box="[575,999,1231,1254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">5.0 4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFB37559974C8" box="[1069,1271,1231,1254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FB025599753F" box="[272,1271,1274,1297]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FB025018753F" box="[272,374,1274,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TYH</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFB025289753F" box="[575,999,1274,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.7 2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFB025599753F" box="[1069,1271,1274,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FADC55997515" box="[272,1271,1316,1339]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FADC50187515" box="[272,374,1316,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TYL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFADC52897515" box="[575,999,1316,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.1 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFADC55997515" box="[1069,1271,1316,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FAB755997548" box="[272,1271,1359,1382]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FAB750187548" box="[272,374,1359,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FA</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFAB752897548" box="[575,999,1359,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">8.3 7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFAB755997548" box="[1069,1271,1359,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">6.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FA82559975BF" box="[272,1271,1402,1425]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FA82501875BF" box="[272,374,1402,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFA82528975BF" box="[575,999,1402,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">12.3 12.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFA82559975BF" box="[1069,1271,1402,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">11.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FA5C55997595" box="[272,1271,1444,1467]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FA5C50187595" box="[272,374,1444,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TH</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFA5C52897595" box="[575,999,1444,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">12.9 11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFA5C55997595" box="[1069,1271,1444,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">11.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FA37559975C8" box="[272,1271,1487,1510]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FA37501875C8" box="[272,374,1487,1510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFA37528975C8" box="[575,999,1487,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">14.2 14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFA37559975C8" box="[1069,1271,1487,1510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">12.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861FA025599763F" box="[272,1271,1530,1553]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861FA025018763F" box="[272,374,1530,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">HW/HL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EFA025289763F" box="[575,999,1530,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.1 1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CFA025599763F" box="[1069,1271,1530,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F9DD55997612" box="[272,1271,1573,1596]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F9DD50187612" box="[272,374,1573,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">HW/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF9DD52897612" box="[575,999,1573,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.3 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF9DD55997612" box="[1069,1271,1573,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F9B755997648" box="[272,1271,1615,1638]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F9B750187648" box="[272,374,1615,1638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">HL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF9B752897648" box="[575,999,1615,1638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.3 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF9B755997648" box="[1069,1271,1615,1638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F982559976BF" box="[272,1271,1658,1681]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F982501876BF" box="[272,374,1658,1681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">EN/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF982528976BF" box="[575,999,1658,1681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.0 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF982559976BF" box="[1069,1271,1658,1681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F95D55997692" box="[272,1271,1701,1724]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F95D50187692" box="[272,374,1701,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">EE/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF95D52897692" box="[575,999,1701,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.6 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF95D55997692" box="[1069,1271,1701,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F937559976C8" box="[272,1271,1743,1766]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F937501876C8" box="[272,374,1743,1766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TYL/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF937528976C8" box="[575,999,1743,1766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.7 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF937559976C8" box="[1069,1271,1743,1766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F9025599773F" box="[272,1271,1786,1809]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F9025018773F" box="[272,374,1786,1809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">TL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF9025289773F" box="[575,999,1786,1809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.4 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF9025599773F" box="[1069,1271,1786,1809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="91DE34CCFFB9DBCC7861F8DD55997712" box="[272,1271,1829,1852]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7861F8DD50187712" box="[272,374,1829,1852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7B4EF8DD52897712" box="[575,999,1829,1852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.4 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D20F5DB0FFB9DBCC7D5CF8DD55997712" box="[1069,1271,1829,1852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824367849FEE450397260" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Skin on dorsum of head, body, and limbs bearing abundant small, flat granules of irregular size and low rounded warts, larger than granules; enlarged granules forming an irregular row that resembles a dorsolateral fold; parotoid gland round, large, more displaced to side of the head than to dorsum, almost in contact with tympanic membrane, and in contact with small, short orbitotympanic and postorbital crests composed of granules; enlarged glands absent on limbs. Skin on throat and other ventral surfaces granular. Anal opening slightly protuberant, directed posteroventrally at upper level of thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824367849FDA4538372E8" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">One choanae small and round, placed anterolaterally, while the other is concealed by the palatal shelf of the maxillary arch; vomerine odontophores absent; tongue cordiform, free behind for about onethird its length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824367849FD2C554D73F0" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Color in preservative: Dorsum dark grey, with enlarged light brown warts; interocular, scapular, and central areas of dorsum with a bold black irregular xshaped stripe; granules forming a dorsolateral row cream; flanks scarcely lighter than dorsum; tympanic membrane dark greyishbrown; head dark greyishbrown, lighter in lower parts; forelegs barred and hind legs greyishbrown with dark brown, almost black, transverse bars; toes barred with dark brown; ventral regions irregularly mottled with brown and cream, lighter at the level of groin; plantar surfaces cream with some brown spots.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824367849FC1450FD74D8" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Color in life: dorsal coloration pale brown to greenishbrown; scapular and central areas of dorsum with a dark brown black irregular xshaped stripe with greenishbrown tonalities; granules forming the dorsolateral rows brown or red; tympanic membrane brown; head brown with some red granules and small greenishbrown spots on interorbital region; extremities brown, barred with dark brown to greenishbrown; toes barred with dark brown; ventral coloration whitishcream with light brown reticulation; iris green, pupil black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824367879FAD4501D7568" blockId="5.[264,1324,1324,1873]" box="[264,371,1324,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Variation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFB824357849FAAC529071A8" blockId="5.[264,1324,1324,1873]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Little variation is observed. There is little sexual dimorphism in size. Males present nuptial excrescences in form of a single group of black (in life) or white (in alcohol) keratinized spines on the dorsal surface of each thumb. Male specimens present vocal slits lateral to tongue. Males seem to have shorter snout relative to eye length (80%) than females (100%), and also narrower snout (EN 160% of EE distance in females versus 130% in males). In one male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFB824367BD2F9E453937618" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[675,765,1564,1590]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNCN</collectionCode>
|
||
42073) both choanae are visible, they are anterolateral and are separated by a distance equal to six times the diameter of a choanae. Most spicules and granules can be concentrated on neck and head, while the flanks have larger granules and warts but density of granules is lower. In
|
||
<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFB824367A99F96C552E7680" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1000,1088,1684,1710]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNCN</collectionCode>
|
||
42073 the parotoid gland is slightly ovate, displaced to the lateral part of the head, where it reaches the level of the lower margin of the tympanic membrane. In
|
||
<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFB824367AEAF91C529D76D0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[923,1011,1764,1790]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNCN</collectionCode>
|
||
42073 the foot webbing formula differs slightly from that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F055882CFFB824367A79F8F7521D7707" box="[776,883,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB824367AF5F8F752FA7734" box="[900,916,1804,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">I1</date>
|
||
/21/
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB824367AC5F8F452BE7707" box="[948,976,1804,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">2II</date>
|
||
1/21/
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB824367A87F8F455727707" box="[1014,1052,1804,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">2III</date>
|
||
1
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB824367D59F8F4555F7734" box="[1064,1073,1804,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">3</date>
|
||
IV3
|
||
<date id="5B50104EFFB824367D2FF8F455117707" box="[1118,1151,1804,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">3V.</date>
|
||
Juveniles are identical to adults in general appearance. Dorsal pattern varies slightly in the intensity and form of the stripes. Some individuals have more red warts. SVL of two juveniles: 25.3 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="49FFAE4BFFBB24357861FEBC50047170" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[272,362,324,350]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">MNCN</collectionCode>
|
||
42072, female) and 21.8 (NKAA7194, unsexed). NKAA 7187 lack dorsal pattern and is darker than any other specimen in alcohol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBB24357AD6FE94528071A8" box="[935,1006,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,664,688]" captionTargetBox="[522,1066,326,645]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[522,1067,326,645]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral view of an adult male of Chaunus tacana sp. nov. from Serranía Eslabón, Madidi National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7187)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173370/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7B916606FFBB24357879FCFC53CB736D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173368/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[539,1047,433,760]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBB24357879FCFC53CB736D" blockId="6.[264,1322,772,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357879FCFC50E37332" bold="true" box="[264,397,772,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357BC9FCFD52047332" box="[696,874,773,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357BC9FCFD52047332" box="[696,874,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chaunus tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06A957E7FFBB24357A05FCFC52A37332" box="[884,973,772,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357A05FCFC52A37332" bold="true" box="[884,973,772,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Serranía Eslabón,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357DACFCFC54447335" box="[1245,1322,772,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madidi">Madidi</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Park, Bolivia (MNKA 7188)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBB24357879FC8C531773A0" blockId="6.[264,1324,884,1390]" box="[264,633,884,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Distribution and natural history</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F51368EFFBB24357849FC64522C7540" blockId="6.[264,1324,884,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
This species is known only from two close localities in Serrania Eslabón (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7D52A0BFFBB24357DC5FC6455907398" box="[1204,1278,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[530,1043,1435,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[528,1043,1433,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Bolivia with a bold square indicating the type locality of Chaunus tacana sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173369/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), at about
|
||
<quantity id="E8169B6BFFBB24357823FC3C50C373F0" box="[338,429,964,990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. The habitat is composed by primary humid montane forest with high abundance of arboreal ferns, bromeliads and other epiphytes. Potentially flooded flat surfaces are almost inexistent but there are some small streams.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357D7AFBED55EE7400" box="[1035,1152,1045,1070]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357D7AFBED55EE7400" box="[1035,1152,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a nocturnal species that can be found active on leaves of bushes or on the trunk of trees from
|
||
<quantity id="E8169B6BFFBB24357DAEFBC454457478" box="[1247,1323,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 m</quantity>
|
||
height. It climbs graciously vertical trunks covered by moss. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357A8DFB9D55037450" box="[1020,1133,1125,1150]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357A8DFB9D55037450" box="[1020,1133,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357D0DFB9D54447450" box="[1148,1322,1125,1150]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357D0DFB9D54447450" box="[1148,1322,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">C. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also show greenish dorsal coloration and has been reported to climb in trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B7F4B7FFFBB24357DA6FB74502674E0" author="Kohler" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Kohler, J. (2000) Amphibian diversity in Bolivia: a study with special reference to montane forest regions. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 48, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2000">Köhler 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This mimetic coloration could be related to their arboreal habits. The adult female presented convoluted oviducts and small white ova. The call, tadpole and reproductive mode are unknown. Other anuran species that occur in the area are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357D29FAFD544D7530" box="[1112,1315,1285,1310]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357D29FAFD544D7530" box="[1112,1315,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Atelopus tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357879FAD553417568" box="[264,559,1325,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Epipedobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357879FAD553417568" box="[264,559,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Epipedobates bolivianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357B34FAD552E07568" box="[581,910,1325,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bergeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357B34FAD552E07568" box="[581,910,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hyalinobatrachium bergeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357AD5FAD555F77568" box="[932,1177,1325,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357AD5FAD555F77568" box="[932,1177,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hyloscirtus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357DDEFAD550307540" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balzani">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357DDEFAD550307540" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Hypsiboas balzani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB2435781CFAAD53FE7540" box="[365,656,1365,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB2435781CFAAD53FE7540" box="[365,656,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Eleutherodactylus danae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8EE4D0DFFBB24357BB8FAAD52557540" box="[713,827,1365,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9AEA9CFFBB24357BB8FAAD52557540" box="[713,827,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">E. madidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |