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<mods:title id="C9801FD978D37463BC81ADC3D44CAA16">An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF91FFA6E68BD22BBF356A6C" box="[151,588,1027,1054]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E68BD22BBF356A6C" blockId="41.[151,588,1027,1054]" box="[151,588,1027,1054]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0AB451BFF91FFA6E68BD22BBF356A6C" bold="true" box="[151,588,1027,1054]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E68BD22BBF356A6C" ID-CoL="6043f9cb-2c43-46f3-a12b-6cfcbade51f6" authority="Michaelsen, 1899" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,588,1027,1054]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD22BBF356A6C" bold="true" box="[151,588,1027,1054]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD22BBC226A6F" bold="true" box="[151,347,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina kinbergi</emphasis>
(Michaelsen, 1899)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF91FFA6E68BD264B98C6AAA" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E68BD264BF2A6A11" blockId="41.[151,1269,1098,1244]" box="[151,595,1098,1120]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF91FFA6E68BD264BF2A6A11" box="[151,595,1098,1120]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E68BD264BF366A11" authority="Kinbergi Michaelsen, 1899b: 443" authorityName="Kinbergi Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="443" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,591,1098,1120]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Yagansia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD264BC2B6A11" box="[151,338,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Yagansia Kinbergi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E744D265BF366A11" author="Michaelsen" box="[344,591,1098,1120]" page="443" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E744D265BF646A11" author="Michaelsen" box="[344,541,1098,1120]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1899 b) Revision der Kinberg'schen Oligochaeten-Typen. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, 56, 413 - 448." type="journal article" year="1899" yearSuffix="b">Michaelsen, 1899b</bibRefCitation>
: 443
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</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E68BD245BE5A6AEF" blockId="41.[151,1269,1098,1244]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF91FFA6E68BD245BE5A6AEF" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E68BD245BC2B6A0E" authority="Kinbergi" authorityName="Kinbergi" box="[151,338,1129,1151]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Yagansia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD245BC2B6A0E" box="[151,338,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Yagansia Kinbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E743D246BF3A6A0E" author="Michaelsen" box="[351,579,1129,1151]" page="157" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E743D246BF696A0E" author="Michaelsen" box="[351,528,1129,1151]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. In: Das Tierreich. Lief. 10. Berlin: R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 157
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E451D246BF9E6A0E" author="Ude" box="[589,743,1129,1151]" page="424" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E451D246BFCD6A0E" author="Ude" box="[589,692,1129,1151]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ude, H. (1905) Terricole Oligochaeten von den Inseln der Sudsee und verschiedenen anderen Gebieten der Erde. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 82, 405 - 501." type="journal article" year="1905">Ude 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 424
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E4EDD246B96E6A0E" author="Reynolds" box="[753,1047,1129,1151]" page="123" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E4EDD246BE9D6A0E" author="Reynolds" box="[753,996,1129,1151]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 123
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E68BD2A7BF2B6AEC" authority="Michaelsen 1907a: 32" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,594,1160,1182]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Holoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD2A7BC1B6AEF" box="[151,354,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Holoscolex kinbergi</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E773D2A7BF2B6AEC" author="Michaelsen" box="[367,594,1160,1182]" page="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E773D2A7BF556AEC" author="Michaelsen" box="[367,556,1160,1182]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1907 a) Oligochaeta. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens Gustav Fisher, Jena, 1 (2): 117 - 232." type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="a">Michaelsen 1907a</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 1908: 32; 1910: 53.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E68BD288B98C6AAA" blockId="41.[151,1269,1098,1244]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF91FFA6E68BD288B98C6AAA" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E68BD288BF776ACD" ID-CoL="6043f9cb-2c43-46f3-a12b-6cfcbade51f6" authority="Pickford 1937: 416" authorityName="Pickford" authorityPageNumber="416" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,526,1190,1213]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD288BC426ACC" box="[151,315,1191,1213]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina kinbergi</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E754D289BF776ACD" author="Pickford" box="[328,526,1190,1212]" page="416" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E754D289BCA56ACD" author="Pickford" box="[328,476,1190,1212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">Pickford 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 416
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E405D289BFB16ACC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911804" author="Plisko" box="[537,712,1190,1213]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087EAFFAA7C1EFCA0FF78105FFC36" page="300" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E405D289BFEC6ACD" author="Plisko" box="[537,661,1190,1212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 300
</treatmentCitation>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E4C6D289BE166ACD" author="Zicsi" box="[730,879,1190,1212]" page="68" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E4C6D289BE306ACD" author="Zicsi" box="[730,841,1190,1212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">Zicsi 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E566D289B9516ACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911804" author="Plisko" box="[890,1064,1190,1212]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087EAFFAA7C1EFCA0FF78105FFC36" page="300" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E566D289BE8F6ACD" author="Plisko" box="[890,1014,1190,1212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 300
</treatmentCitation>
. non
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E6DFD2EABF1E6AAA" ID-CoL="6043f9cb-2c43-46f3-a12b-6cfcbade51f6" authority="Ljungstrom 1972b: 105" authorityName="Ljungstrom" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1972" box="[195,615,1221,1243]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E6DFD2EABC116AAA" box="[195,360,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina kinbergi</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF91FFA6E769D2EABF1E6AAA" author="Ljungstrom" box="[373,615,1221,1243]" page="105" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E769D2EABF4D6AAA" author="Ljungstrom" box="[373,564,1221,1243]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1972 b) Taxonomical and ecological notes on the earthworm genus Udeina and a requiem for the South African acanthodrilines. Pedobiologia, 12 (2), 100 - 110." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Ljungström 1972b</bibRefCitation>
: 105
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E46CD2EABF846AAD" author="Plisko" box="[624,765,1221,1244]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko (2004)</bibRefCitation>
: Misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E5CBD2EAB9886AAA" ID-CoL="d58dd078-61b7-4108-a865-d35a6bf33c92" authority="Ude, 1905" authorityName="Ude" authorityYear="1905" box="[983,1265,1221,1243]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E5CBD2EAB9146AAA" box="[983,1133,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina reichei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E267D2EAB9906AAA" author="Ude" box="[1147,1257,1221,1243]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ude, H. (1905) Terricole Oligochaeten von den Inseln der Sudsee und verschiedenen anderen Gebieten der Erde. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 82, 405 - 501." type="journal article" year="1905">Ude, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF91FFA6E68BD327B97D6B1B" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E68BD327B97D6B1B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1287,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E68BD327BC546B51" bold="true" box="[151,301,1287,1312]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="54E74CD5FF91FFA6E68BD327BDA96B51" box="[151,208,1288,1312]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. Unknown. Caffraria as it is placed on the label and later translated by Michaelsen (1899) to Kaferlandet, or by other authors to Kaffraria, is usually understood as the South East Africa although it may also refer to other parts of
<collectingCountry id="F34BB2E7FF91FFA6E790D37DBF626B1B" box="[396,539,1362,1386]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E430D37CBE3A6B1A" box="[556,835,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Encyclopaedia Britanica</emphasis>
(11th ed.) 1911)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF91FFA6E6DBD359BF556B8B" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E6DBD359BF556B8B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1287,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E6DBD359BC196BFE" bold="true" box="[199,352,1398,1423]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
Not established. Due to the poor condition of the material at the time of description, the knowledge of its generic characters is unsatisfactory, although the authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E5B8D3B5B96E6BC3" author="Ude" box="[932,1047,1434,1458]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ude, H. (1905) Terricole Oligochaeten von den Inseln der Sudsee und verschiedenen anderen Gebieten der Erde. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 82, 405 - 501." type="journal article" year="1905">Ude 1905</bibRefCitation>
; Michaelsen 1907, 1910;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E327D3B5BDAB6BA6" author="Pickford" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">Pickford 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E6C3D390BC1E6BA6" author="Plisko" box="[223,359,1471,1495]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko 2004</bibRefCitation>
) suggested its accreditation to
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E4D4D390BE636BA6" box="[712,794,1471,1495]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E4D4D390BE636BA6" box="[712,794,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.Species occurrence is also not confirmed, and only new material may dissolve the problems.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF91FFA6E6DBD028BE9668DE" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF91FFA6E6DBD028BE9668DE" blockId="41.[151,1436,1287,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E6DBD028BC42686E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1543,1567]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
Description is based on material collected by Wahlberg around 1840 (see
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E289D028B8EC686E" box="[1173,1429,1543,1567]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wahlbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E289D028B8EC686E" box="[1173,1429,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Parachilota wahlbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, remarks), possibly at the bank of Vaal river at boundary between provinces of Transvaal and Free State. Small pieces of the decomposed specimen are present in NHMS (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E520D060B9296816" author="Reynolds" box="[828,1104,1615,1639]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens from Warrenton near bank of Vaal river, Free State, numbered NMSA/Olig.01097 and identified by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E25DD05DB85D68FB" author="Ljungstrom" box="[1089,1316,1650,1674]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1972 b) Taxonomical and ecological notes on the earthworm genus Udeina and a requiem for the South African acanthodrilines. Pedobiologia, 12 (2), 100 - 110." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Ljungström (1972b)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E355D05CBD8A68DE" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E355D05CBD8A68DE" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina kinbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after revision by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E7A5D0B8BF2968DE" author="Plisko" box="[441,592,1687,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko (2004)</bibRefCitation>
became
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF91FFA6E4A8D0B8BE9268DE" authority="Ude, 1905" authorityName="Ude" authorityYear="1905" box="[692,1003,1687,1711]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF91FFA6E4A8D0B8BE2368DE" box="[692,858,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="45">Udeina reichei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF91FFA6E575D0B8BE9A68DE" author="Ude" box="[873,995,1687,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="45" refString="Ude, H. (1905) Terricole Oligochaeten von den Inseln der Sudsee und verschiedenen anderen Gebieten der Erde. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 82, 405 - 501." type="journal article" year="1905">Ude, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>