222 lines
27 KiB
XML
222 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="41F68A80A965349B34E17505F44C5FAB">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A8233444703A165F3E2D6EEC4EAD226">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4011A48329AFDB9D8E0D0B614BB1052">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8AAB422AA265DDC1C4185BCC214DDB3">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6101830FD1ECF23B0B02D88354C11A72">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFED202308991F330BCCF78C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFED202308991F330BCCF78C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFED202308991F330BCCF78C" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED202408991F330DC9F442" box="[1454,1534,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED202408991F330DC9F442" blockId="67.[1449,2390,2927,3047]" box="[1454,1534,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED202408991F330DC9F442" box="[1454,1534,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFED202408991F330DC9F442" box="[1454,1534,2927,2969]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="64.[116,146,3216,3241]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,15,3648]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="On following pages: 149. Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsyivanicus); 150. Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus); 151. Creeping Vole (Microtus oregoni); 152. Major's Pine Vole (Microtus majori); 153. Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus); 154. Caucasian Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus); 155. Alpine Pine Vole (Microtus multiplex); 156. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini); 157. Tatra Pine Vole (Microtus tatricus): 158. Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus); 159. Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus); 160. Pyrenean Pine Vole (Microtus gerbil); 161. Savi's Pine Vole (Microtus savii): 162. Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus); 163. Sicilian Pine Vole (Microtus nebrodensis); 164. Thomas's Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi); 165. Balkan Pine Vole (Microtus felteni); 166. Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole (Microtus schelkovnikovi): 167. Harting's Vole (Microtus hartingi); 168. Levant Vole (Microtus guentheri); 169. Dogramaci’s Vole (Microtus dogramacii); 170. Cyrenaica Vole (Microtus mustersi); 171. Social Vole (Microtus socialis): 172. Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus): 173. Iranian Vole (Microtus iran); 174. Kopet Dag Pine Vole (Microtus paradoxus); 175. Common Vole (Microtus arvalis); 176. Altai Vole (Microtus obscurus); 177. East European Vole (Microtus mystacinus); 178. Kerman Vole (Microtus kermanensis); 179. Transcaspian Vole (Microtus transcaspicus); 180. Tian Shan Vole (Microtus ilaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708419/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">157.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED20240B391F330F7CF442" box="[1550,1867,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED20240B391F330F7CF442" blockId="67.[1449,2390,2927,3047]" box="[1550,1867,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED20240B391F330F7CF442" box="[1550,1867,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240B391F330F7CF442" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1550,1867,2927,2969]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Tatra Pine Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED20240AA41F330088F442" box="[1939,2239,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED20240AA41F330088F442" blockId="67.[1449,2390,2927,3047]" box="[1939,2239,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED20240AA41F330088F442" box="[1939,2239,2927,2969]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240AA41F330088F442" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1939,2239,2927,2969]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED20240AA41F330088F442" box="[1939,2239,2927,2969]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Microtus tatricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089C1FF60F32F43C" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089C1FF60162F464" blockId="67.[1449,2390,2927,3047]" box="[1451,2389,2986,3007]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED2024089C1FF60162F464" box="[1451,2389,2986,3007]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089C1FF60DC0F464" bold="true" box="[1451,1527,2986,3007]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED202408C81FF60EEDF464" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1535,1754,2986,3007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Campagnol des Tatras</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED20240BD81FF60F7DF464" bold="true" box="[1775,1866,2986,3007]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240A781FF60028F464" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1871,2079,2986,3007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Tatra-Kleinwihlmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED202405041FF600B8F464" bold="true" box="[2099,2191,2986,3007]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED202405A21FF60162F464" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[2197,2389,2986,3007]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Topillo de los Tatras</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089C1F8E0F32F43C" blockId="67.[1449,2390,2927,3047]" box="[1451,1797,3026,3047]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED2024089C1F8E0F32F43C" box="[1451,1797,3026,3047]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089C1F8E0E96F43C" bold="true" box="[1451,1697,3026,3047]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240B901F8E0F32F43C" ID-CoL="7VV83" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1703,1797,3026,3047]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Tatra ole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089D18480E42F386" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089D18480E42F386" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089D18480E72F3EE" bold="true" box="[1450,1605,3092,3125]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240B641848003BF3EE" authority="Kratochvil, 1952" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1619,2060,3092,3125]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Pitymys tatricus Kratochvil, 1952</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFED2024052B18480E42F386" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818815043" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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Vel’ka Studena Valley, High Tatra Mountains,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFED202408C918600E45F386" box="[1534,1650,3132,3165]" name="Slovakia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089B183F01A1F370" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089B183F01A1F370" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024089B183F0EB5F35F" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1452,1666,3171,3204]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatricus">Microtus tatricus</taxonomicName>
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is in subgenus Terricola and possibly a close relative to
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED202404B5183F01C0F35F" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[2434,2551,3171,3204]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplex">multiplex</taxonomicName>
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species group. It was classified in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240A9118D60030F370" box="[1958,2055,3210,3243]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pitymys</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089C18EE0278F2FA" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFED2024089C18EE0278F2FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760653/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" startId="67.[1451,1605,3250,3283]" targetBox="[115,707,299,714]" targetPageId="68">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089C18EE0F0CF308" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" box="[1451,1851,3250,3283]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089C18EE0F0CF308" bold="true" box="[1451,1851,3250,3283]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089B1885026AF321" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" box="[1452,2653,3289,3322]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024089B1885026AF321" authority="Kratochvil, 1952" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1952" box="[1452,2653,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tatricus" subSpecies="tatricus">M.t.tatricusKratochvil,1952—TatraM.t.(WCarpathians)inSPolandandNSlovakia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089B195C0278F2FA" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" box="[1452,2639,3328,3361]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024089B195C0F6FF2FA" authority="Zagorodnyuk, 1989" authorityName="Zagorodnyuk" authorityYear="1989" box="[1452,1880,3328,3361]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tatricus" subSpecies="zykovi">M. t. zykovi Zagorodnyuk, 1989</taxonomicName>
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— E & S Carpathian M.t. in SW Ukraine and Romania.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2023089C196C09C2FCC0" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2023089C196C09C2FCC0" blockId="67.[1449,2656,3092,3486]" lastBlockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089C196C0E92F292" bold="true" box="[1451,1701,3376,3401]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 83-115 mm, tail 31-47 mm; weight 18-36 g. Males are slightly larger (mean weight 30-2 g) than females (25-1 g). The Tatra Pine Vole is moderately large, with relatively long tail of 35-41% of head-body length. Ears are moderately large, but eyes are tiny, measuring at most 2:5 mm in diameter. It is unique among pine voles in having six plantar pads. Females have two inguinal pairs of nipples. Fur is coarse, giving appearance of the Short-tailed Field Vole (
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA202309BF15B70D2CFDD3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[1160,1307,491,520]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrestis">M. agrestis</taxonomicName>
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). Back of the Tatra Pine Vole is dark brown, and belly is silver or gray, lightly shaded buff. Tail is bicolored, and terminal pencil is prominent. Feet are whitish. Skull is large and rather deep, with obvious supratemporal ridges. Molar pattern does not deviate from that seen in Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230C2716A209DEFCC0" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[272,489,766,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">M. liechtensteini</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D43177A0ACBFC3B" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D43177A0ACBFC3B" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D43177A08D4FC98" bold="true" box="[116,227,806,835]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Montane spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230CDB177A0A06FC98" authorityName="D.Don ex Loudon" authorityYear="1838" box="[492,561,806,835]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
|
||
) dwarf pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230FCF177A0B72FC98" authorityName="Perry" authorityYear="1811" box="[760,837,806,835]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
mugo) forests, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230953177A0CD5FC98" box="[1124,1250,806,835]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and alpine meadows at elevations of 600-2340 m, most often 1100-1700 m. The Tatra Pine Vole prefers talus slopes and meadows with light and humid soil and dense vegetation. Characteristic habitat is spruce forest with dense fern undergrowth and numerous fallen logs. It is absent from deciduous forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D4317BB0A20FA99" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D4317BB0A20FA99" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D4317BB09B7FBD3" bold="true" box="[116,384,999,1032]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In summer, the Tatra Pine Vole feeds primarily on green leaves, followed by stems and roots; insects are an insignificant part of diets. Dicotyledonous plants dominate over grasses, mosses, and berries. The most common plants in diet, in decreasing order of importance, are wood sorrel (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230E4D10010BF8FBA5" box="[890,975,1117,1150]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oxalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
acetosella,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA2023095310010D20FBA5" box="[1124,1303,1117,1150]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oxalidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), purple coltsfoot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230C4610D40A6EFB7E" box="[369,601,1160,1189]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Homogyne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Homogyne alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230F5C10D40B3EFB7E" box="[619,777,1160,1189]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), grasses, hairy chervil (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA2023095F10D40D1EFB7E" box="[1128,1321,1160,1189]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Chaerophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chaerophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||
hirsutum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230DCA10F009B3FB16" box="[253,388,1196,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), common chickweed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230FEB10F00B70FB16" box="[732,839,1196,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Stellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stellaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
nemorum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230ED510F00CF8FB16" box="[994,1231,1196,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Austrian leopard’s bane (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230C97108B0A18FB2F" box="[416,559,1239,1268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doronicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Doronicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
austriacum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230FE4108B0B46FB2F" box="[723,881,1239,1268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), willow gentian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA2023095C108B0CD6FB2F" box="[1131,1249,1239,1268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gentiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
asclepiadea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230DED10A60997FAC0" box="[218,416,1274,1307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mountain sow-thistle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230FC310A60BF4FAC0" box="[756,963,1274,1307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cicerbita" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Cicerbita alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230EE510A60C47FAC0" box="[978,1136,1274,1307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and purple avens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230DED11790914FA99" box="[218,291,1317,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Geum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Geum</taxonomicName>
|
||
rivale,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEA20230CB411790A3DFA99" box="[387,522,1317,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D4411150A91F9F4" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D4411150A91F9F4" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D44111508CDFAB1" bold="true" box="[115,250,1353,1386]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the Tatra Pine Vole lasts ¢.140 days. It starts in April, occasionally under snow, peaks in June, and terminates in September. Numbers of embryos are 1-4/female (mean 2-5). Average female has 7-9 young/season. Litters can be sired by different males. Young of both sexes attain sexual maturity in their second year. Average longevity is 367 days, and maximum life expectancy is 15-18 months. Tatra Pine Voles can survive two winters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D4612690AE1F97E" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D4612690AE1F97E" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D4612690957F98D" bold="true" box="[113,352,1589,1622]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Tatra Pine Voles are nocturnal in summer. They are semi-fossorial and excavate extensive burrow systems but mainly feed aboveground. They are active year-round and move under snow in winter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D4412F009C0F8B1" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D4412F009C0F8B1" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D4412F00B0FF916" bold="true" box="[115,824,1708,1741]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In Slovakia, male Tatra Pine Voles had significantly larger home ranges (835-6 m®) than females (585-6 m?) and were more mobile. Males traveled further (22-3 m in males vs. 14-6 m in females) and were trapped at longer distances (36-7 m vs. 21-5 m) than females. Longest recorded movement was more than 260 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D44132D09B0F7D3" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D44132D09B0F7D3" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D44132D09E6F849" bold="true" box="[115,465,1905,1938]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tatra Pine Vole has small distribution, narrow habitat requirements, and small populations. The western isolated population supposedly occupies ¢.840 km* and has 200,000— 250,000 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEA20230D431C4B0BCCF78C" pageId="68" pageNumber="345" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEA20230D431C4B0BCCF78C" blockId="68.[113,1322,723,2135]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEA20230D431C4B093AF7EB" bold="true" box="[116,269,2071,2096]" pageId="68" pageNumber="345">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Balaz & Ambros (2012), Jur€ovitova & Rudéa (2006), Kristofik & Danko (2012), Martinkova & Dudich (2003), Niethammer (1982i), Ruda et al. (2010), Shenbrot & Krasnov (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |