266 lines
33 KiB
XML
266 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="88A07F1F854D558F783FC478BDADB861">
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<mods:title id="115ACC3635B95E3C3766E295573E434C">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE42B982A77A7F908259BE1CE5AAC58B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5E3F745554576139034C4B414986D45">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FAF10844A0601151AFD9A1D3D974D9E">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C89ADB89B361DBE1DDE2AA143426EF06">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D003CBD8E68C34270CF3425B07D918E0" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1797736E9A85C67F46D769F3635AED06">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="97953A69D8771A5E5EC7277FA69E9B74">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE8D509DBC1C4242F08F2EA30852BDB2">
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<mods:title id="DE279C6C12ACBC17B5D9C073C98E287F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="1A1ED650C4422EE84144C532172244B6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6707142</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFE920200D8E10C0016EFCC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6725293" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6725293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFE920200D8E10C0016EFCC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFE920200D8E10C0016EFCC5" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D8E10C0093FFB15" box="[185,264,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D8E10C0093FFB15" blockId="71.[180,1081,1180,1274]" box="[185,264,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE920200D8E10C0093FFB15" box="[185,264,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFE920200D8E10C0093FFB15" box="[185,264,1180,1230]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="64.[116,146,3216,3241]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,15,3648]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="On following pages: 149. Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsyivanicus); 150. Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus); 151. Creeping Vole (Microtus oregoni); 152. Major's Pine Vole (Microtus majori); 153. Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus); 154. Caucasian Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus); 155. Alpine Pine Vole (Microtus multiplex); 156. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini); 157. Tatra Pine Vole (Microtus tatricus): 158. Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus); 159. Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus); 160. Pyrenean Pine Vole (Microtus gerbil); 161. Savi's Pine Vole (Microtus savii): 162. Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus); 163. Sicilian Pine Vole (Microtus nebrodensis); 164. Thomas's Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi); 165. Balkan Pine Vole (Microtus felteni); 166. Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole (Microtus schelkovnikovi): 167. Harting's Vole (Microtus hartingi); 168. Levant Vole (Microtus guentheri); 169. Dogramaci’s Vole (Microtus dogramacii); 170. Cyrenaica Vole (Microtus mustersi); 171. Social Vole (Microtus socialis): 172. Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus): 173. Iranian Vole (Microtus iran); 174. Kopet Dag Pine Vole (Microtus paradoxus); 175. Common Vole (Microtus arvalis); 176. Altai Vole (Microtus obscurus); 177. East European Vole (Microtus mystacinus); 178. Kerman Vole (Microtus kermanensis); 179. Transcaspian Vole (Microtus transcaspicus); 180. Tian Shan Vole (Microtus ilaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708419/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">167.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200C2D10C00A76FB15" box="[282,577,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200C2D10C00A76FB15" blockId="71.[180,1081,1180,1274]" box="[282,577,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE920200C2D10C00A76FB15" box="[282,577,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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||
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE920200C2D10C00A76FB15" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[282,577,1180,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Harting’s Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200FBF10C00BF6FB15" box="[648,961,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200FBF10C00BF6FB15" blockId="71.[180,1081,1180,1274]" box="[648,961,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE920200FBF10C00BF6FB15" box="[648,961,1180,1230]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200FBF10C00BF6FB15" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[648,961,1180,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200FBF10C00BF6FB15" box="[648,961,1180,1230]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Microtus hartingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D8210BD0C0FFB2D" box="[181,1080,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D8210BD0C0FFB2D" blockId="71.[180,1081,1180,1274]" box="[181,1080,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE920200D8210BD0C0FFB2D" box="[181,1080,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D8210BD0936FB2D" bold="true" box="[181,257,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE920200C3E10BD09DEFB2D" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[265,489,1249,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Campagnol de Harting</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200CC910BD0A6EFB2D" bold="true" box="[510,601,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE920200F5410BD0B22FB2D" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[611,789,1249,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Balkan-WihImaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200E1E10BD0BB2FB2D" bold="true" box="[809,901,1249,1270]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE920200EBD10BD0C0FFB2D" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[906,1080,1249,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Topillo de Harting</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200E2D11780BB3FA48" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200E2D11780BB3FA48" blockId="71.[794,1387,1316,1742]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200E2D11780B82FA9E" bold="true" box="[794,949,1316,1349]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200EE311780C51FAB7" ID-CoL="7VVBH" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi" subGenus="Microtus">Microtus (Microtus) hartingi Barrett-Hamilton, 1903</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFE92020094D110F0BB3FA48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814711" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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Larissa,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFE9202009DB110F0D55FAB7" box="[1260,1378,1363,1388]" country="Greece" name="Thessalia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Thessaly</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFE920200E2C112A0BB7FA48" box="[795,896,1398,1427]" name="Greece" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Greece</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200E2C11C20A38F92D" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200E2C11C20A38F92D" blockId="71.[794,1387,1316,1742]" lastBlockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E2C11C20BCBFA60" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[795,1020,1438,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Microtus hartingi</taxonomicName>
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is in subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009E111C20D5EFA60" box="[1238,1385,1438,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sumeriomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sumeriomys</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E69119D0BE2FA39" baseAuthorityName="Danford & Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[862,981,1473,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">guentheri</taxonomicName>
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species group. In the past, it was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009BD11B10CD4F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1162,1251,1517,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">socialis</taxonomicName>
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or more frequently
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E8F12480C18F9EA" baseAuthorityName="Danford & Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[952,1071,1556,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">guentheri</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE92020097312480D1FF9EA" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1903" box="[1092,1320,1556,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartingi">Microtus hartingi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E2C126B0BF1F983" baseAuthorityName="Danford & Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[795,966,1591,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">M. guentheri</taxonomicName>
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have identical diploid number of 2n = 54 but differ in peculiarities of chromosomal morphology and nucleotide sequences. Subspecific taxonomy is not resolved. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D8312A009DEF89E" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFE920200D8312A009DEF89E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760673/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" startId="71.[180,352,1788,1821]" targetBox="[179,771,1324,1738]" targetPageId="71">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D8312A009DEF89E" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D8312A00953F8C6" bold="true" box="[180,356,1788,1821]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S Serbia, Macedonia, SE Bulgaria, Greece (including Lesbos I), and Turkey (W & C Anatolia).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D8313160A1CF77C" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D8313160A1CF77C" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D8313160981F8B0" bold="true" box="[180,438,1866,1899]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 103-138 mm,tail 22-35 mm; weight 31-76 g. Harting’s Vole is large and chunky, with tail ¢.20% of head-body length. Eyes are large, and ears protrude above pelage. Females have two pairs of pectoral and two pairs of inguinal mammae. There are five plantar tubercles. Fur is soft and dense. Back is light dull buff, grizzled by blackish tips of longer hairs; pelage on flanks is plain buff; and belly is buffy white. Skull is heavy and massive, deep across rostrum and braincase, with slightly convex dorsal profile. Temporal ridges are prominent but do not
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C2A1C3B09E7F75B" box="[285,464,2151,2176]" form="sagittal" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" rank="form">form sagittal</taxonomicName>
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crest. Bullae are of modest size. Incisors are orthodont, and M? lacks postero-lingual loop.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D831CF20D3FF72D" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D831CF20D3FF72D" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D831CF20914F714" bold="true" box="[180,291,2222,2255]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry open habitats, specifically pastures, grasslands, and fallow lands but also various types of arable land from close to sea level up to elevations of ¢.1500 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D831CA10BC3F4B0" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D831CA10BC3F4B0" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D831CA1098AF6C5" bold="true" box="[180,445,2301,2334]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Harting’s Vole feeds mainly on green grasses and herbs. The following plants have been recorded in its diet: hawkweed (
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200EFF1D7F0C78F69F" box="[968,1103,2339,2372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hieracium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hieracium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009691D7F0CCEF69F" box="[1118,1273,2339,2372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), spring vetch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C381D130965F6B7" box="[271,338,2383,2412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
|
||
lathyroides,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200CDE1D130A5AF6B7" box="[489,621,2383,2412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), brome (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200FC41D130B62F6B7" box="[755,853,2383,2412]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bromus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E541D130BEEF6B7" box="[867,985,2383,2412]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), sulphur cinquefoil (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202008361D1308FAF64F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Potentilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
recta,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C281D2B0994F64F" box="[287,419,2423,2452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), thyme (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200F111D2B0B23F64F" box="[550,788,2423,2452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Thymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">Thymus montanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E131D2B0B89F64F" box="[804,958,2423,2452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), corn gromwell (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009821D2B0D5DF64F" box="[1205,1386,2423,2452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Lithospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lithospermum</taxonomicName>
|
||
arvense,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C101DC209D0F660" box="[295,487,2462,2491]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), alyssum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200FB01DC20AC6F660" box="[647,753,2462,2491]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Alyssum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alyssum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E321DC20B81F660" box="[773,950,2462,2491]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), jagged chickweed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009D41DC20D5EF660" box="[1251,1385,2462,2491]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Holosteum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Holosteum</taxonomicName>
|
||
umbellatum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C6E1D9A0A76F638" box="[345,577,2502,2531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200F931D9A0AC2F638" box="[676,757,2502,2531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pisum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pisum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E301D9A0BBCF638" box="[775,907,2502,2531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dandelion (7araxacum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009DB1D9A08E1F5D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), alfalfa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C6D1DB109E3F5D1" box="[346,468,2541,2570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200CD31DB10A5EF5D1" box="[484,617,2541,2570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ribwort plantain (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E4E1DB10C45F5D1" box="[889,1138,2541,2570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">Plantago lanceolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009B51DB10D60F5D1" box="[1154,1367,2541,2570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whitlow grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C481E4809F8F5EA" box="[383,463,2580,2609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Draba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Draba</taxonomicName>
|
||
muralis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200F701E480AC0F5EA" box="[583,759,2580,2609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), field pansy (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E8B1E480C58F5EA" box="[956,1135,2580,2609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">Viola arvensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE92020094A1E480D3FF5EA" box="[1149,1288,2580,2609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Violaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), silver hairgrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C711E6B09B7F583" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1876" box="[326,384,2615,2648]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aira" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aira</taxonomicName>
|
||
capillaris,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200F381E6B0AB2F583" box="[527,645,2615,2648]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), couch grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E6D1E6B0BFCF583" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1829" box="[858,971,2615,2648]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
dactylon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009671E6B0CF1F583" box="[1104,1222,2615,2648]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), milkvetch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200DF71E3F097FF55B" box="[192,328,2659,2688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Astragalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C6D1E3F09E9F55B" box="[346,478,2659,2688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), tumbleweed (Sysimbrium,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E571E3F0C26F55B" box="[864,1041,2659,2688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), henbit deadnettle (Lamum amplexicaule,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200C8D1ED60A63F57C" box="[442,596,2698,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bull thistle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E2E1ED60B48F57C" box="[793,895,2698,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cirsium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200EB81ED60C1DF57C" box="[911,1066,2698,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), campion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202009E31ED60D28F57C" box="[1236,1311,2698,2727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Silene</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE9202008061ED6095DF514" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and even leaves of Oriental hornbeam (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200E8F1EF20C9DF514" box="[952,1194,2734,2767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Carpinus orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE92020098A1EF20D6EF514" box="[1213,1369,2734,2767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Daily consumption is 15-19 g of dry food, and full stomachs weights are 3-5 g. Expanded tunnels (up to 7 cm in width) serve as caches for storing blades of green grass that are 4-5 cm long. No stores of grain have been reported from burrows of Harting’s Voles. At peak densities, vegetation can be cropped to the soil surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D831F2F0B08F35B" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D831F2F0B08F35B" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D831F2F090DF44F" bold="true" box="[180,314,2931,2964]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of Harting’s Vole is suppressed in July-September. Gestation lasts 21-23 days in Bulgaria and 22-24 days in Anatolia. Due to postpartum estrus, intervals betweenlitters are 20-60 days. In one breeding season, each female can have up to seven litters and 42 offspring. Numbers of embryos are 2-10/female (mean 5-6). Mean litter sizes in captivity are 4-7-5 young. Young are born naked, deaf, and blind and weigh 2-8-4-4 g. Eyes and ears open at 12-13 days old, and young are weaned at 21-24 days old. Females mature at 35 days old.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200D8418DA0110FE60" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200D8418DA0110FE60" blockId="71.[179,1386,1749,3476]" lastBlockId="71.[1456,2662,292,802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200D8418DA09AAF37C" bold="true" box="[179,413,3206,3239]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Harting’s Voles are active throughout the year and at any time of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200D8218F108D3F315" box="[181,228,3245,3278]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="day">day</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They dig burrows that range from short and simple to long and complex. Burrows are frequently in shadows of bushes and trees. Burrow systems are 20-45 cm below the ground’s surface and can be as deep as 80 cm. They have 3-50 entrances and extend 3 m* to more than 150 m®. Entrances are 20-100 cm apart and 4-5 cm in diameter. Complex burrow systems are constructed over time in disturbed habitats (e.g. regularly plowed fields with simple structure). Each burrow system has at least one nest chamber that is located at the deepest point. Complex burrow systems have three nest chambers or more. Total length of tunnels is c.10 m, sometimes more. Nest chambers are 10-18 cm in diameter and 8-14 cm deep, and they are lined with dry grass. Heaps of excavated soil in front of entrances can be up to 20 cm high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200887159D0090FD83" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200887159D0090FD83" blockId="71.[1456,2662,292,802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE920200887159D0048FE39" bold="true" box="[1456,2175,449,482]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Social unit of Harting’s Vole is a family group, consisting of a breeding pair with young from 1-2 litters. Breeding starts after pairs are formed. At high densities, Harting’s Voles frequently stand erect on hindlegs to scan surroundings while emitting whistles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE920200886160300D4FD14" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE920200886160300D4FD14" blockId="71.[1456,2662,292,802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE92020088616030F3BFD5B" bold="true" box="[1457,1804,607,640]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Not assessed on The IUCN Red List as a separate species. Harting’s Vole is common with no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE920200A6316DA0F91FD7C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[1876,1958,646,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats;it thrives in a variety of habitat types, both natural and man-made; and it is even a pest to agriculture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE9202008861681016EFCC5" pageId="71" pageNumber="348" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE9202008861681016EFCC5" blockId="71.[1456,2662,292,802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE92020088616810E7DFD2D" bold="true" box="[1457,1610,733,758]" pageId="71" pageNumber="348">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chassovnikarova et al. (2008), Colak et al. (1998), Krystufek & Vohralik (2005), Krystufek, Buzan et al. (2009), Ondrias (1965), Thanou et al. (2012), Yigit & Colak (2002), Zorenko (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |