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<document id="E5B1FB1FDFEF421C35E40559A3DDC9EF" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FFD7201E08BA109400D0F44C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sigmodon peruanus J. A. Allen 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="400" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="400" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:namePart id="4FADAD25D6ACF5891F4E081428AEC067">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16CF887EA5EFA4E75A19EF5516DA5B66">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BB764EB9A578E8909DDF140B4F45395">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFD7201E08BA109400D0F44C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6726473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6726473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFD7201E08BA109400D0F44C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFD7201E08BA109400D0F44C" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BA10940DD7FB21" box="[1421,1504,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BA10940DD7FB21" blockId="121.[1419,2384,1224,1316]" box="[1421,1504,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFD7201E08BA10940DD7FB21" box="[1421,1504,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<figureCitation id="1362C080FFD7201E08BA10940DD7FB21" box="[1421,1504,1224,1274]" captionStart="Plate 19: Cricetidae" captionStartId="121.[142,172,3221,3242]" captionTargetBox="[11,2767,14,3647]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="321. Groove-toothed Cotton Rat (Sigmodon alstoni), 322. Ecuadorean Cotton Rat (Sigmodon inopinatus), 323. Peruvian Cotton Rat (Sigmodon peruanus), 324. White-eared Cotton Rat (Sigmodon leucotis), 325. Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat (Sigmodon fulviventer), 326. Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus), 327. Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus), 328. West Mexican Cotton Rat (Sigmodon mascotensis), 329. Arizona Cotton Rat (Sigmodon arizonae), 330. Toltec Cotton Rat (Sigmodon toltecus), 331. Allens Cotton Rat (Sigmodon alleni), 332. Burmeisters Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hirsutus), 333. Montane Cotton Rat (Sigmodon zanjonensis), 334. Miahuatlan Cotton Rat (Sigmodon planifrons), 335. Mussos Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys mussoi), 336. Montane Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys monticolus), 337. Vosss Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys vossi), 338. Venezuelan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys venezuelae), 339. Guianan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys oyapocki), 340. Ferreiras Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys ferreirai), 341. Peruvian Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys peruviensis), 342. Northern Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys trichotis), 343. Orcess Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys orcesi), 344. Earless Water Mouse (Anotomys leander), 345. Pittiers Crab-eating Rat (Ichthyomys pittieri), 346. Common Crab-eating Rat (Ichthyomys hydrobates), 347. Tweedys Crab-eating Rat (Ichthyomys tweedii), 348. Stolzmanns Crab-eating Rat (Ichthyomys stolzmanni), 349. Goldman's Water Mouse (Rheomys raptor), 350. Thomas's Water Mouse (Rheomys thomasi), 351. Underwoods Water Mouse (Rheomys underwoodi), 352. Mexican Water Mouse (Rheomys mexicanus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708483/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">323.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08C710940FACFB21" blockId="121.[1419,2384,1224,1316]" box="[1520,1947,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFD7201E08C710940FACFB21" box="[1520,1947,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFD7201E08C710940FACFB21" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" box="[1520,1947,1224,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">Peruvian Cotton Rat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E0AD510940173FB21" box="[2018,2372,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E0AD510940173FB21" blockId="121.[1419,2384,1224,1316]" box="[2018,2372,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFD7201E0AD510940173FB21" box="[2018,2372,1224,1274]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFD7201E0AD510940173FB21" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" box="[2018,2372,1224,1274]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0AD510940173FB21" box="[2018,2372,1224,1274]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Sigmodon peruanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BB11500167FAFA" box="[1420,2384,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BB11500167FAFA" blockId="121.[1419,2384,1224,1316]" box="[1420,2384,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFD7201E08BB11500167FAFA" box="[1420,2384,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BB11500DEFFAFA" bold="true" box="[1420,1496,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFD7201E08D611500E92FAFA" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" box="[1505,1701,1292,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">Sigmodon du Pérou</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0B8D11500F22FAFA" bold="true" box="[1722,1813,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFD7201E0A2811500FD5FAFA" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" box="[1823,2018,1292,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">Peru-Baumwollratte</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0AC111500065FAFA" bold="true" box="[2038,2130,1292,1313]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFD7201E056B11500167FAFA" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" box="[2140,2384,1292,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">Rata de algodén de Peru</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E0AC7110F016DFA64" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E0AC7110F01B8FA4C" blockId="121.[2026,2625,1363,1786]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0AC7110F00BCFAAB" bold="true" box="[2032,2187,1363,1392]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFD7201E05AC110F0002FA4C" ID-CoL="7WVGY" authority="J. A. Allen" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">Sigmodon peruanus J. A. Allen, 1897</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFD7201E0573112601B8FA4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814626" box="[2116,2447,1402,1431]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
Trujillo, Libertad,
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFD7201E0470112601BCFA4C" box="[2375,2443,1402,1431]" name="Peru" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E0AC711C2016DFA64" blockId="121.[2026,2625,1363,1786]" box="[2032,2394,1438,1471]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E0AC711990043F9EE" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF268C8DFFD7201E0AC711990043F9EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6761133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6761133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6761133/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" startId="121.[2032,2201,1477,1510]" targetBox="[1417,2008,1369,1783]" targetPageId="121">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E0AC711990043F9EE" blockId="121.[2026,2625,1363,1786]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0AC7119900ABFA3D" bold="true" box="[2032,2204,1477,1510]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Distribution.</emphasis>
Pacific coastal plain and adjacent Andean foothills of W Ecuador and NW Peru.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E0AD812670182F722" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E0AD812670182F722" blockId="121.[2026,2625,1363,1786]" lastBlockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E0AD81267013FF987" bold="true" box="[2031,2312,1595,1628]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 120-172 mm, tail 79-116 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 28-34 mm; weight 72 g. The Peruvian Cotton Rat is relatively large-bodied, with proportionately short tail and hindfeet. Dorsal pelage is short (14 mm long); back is pale ashy gray to dark brown, grizzled with black and yellow; sides of head and forelimbs are pale buffy; hindlimbs are pale buffy gray; ears are colored as the surrounding body; lower parts are pale yellowish gray, but hairs are gray at their bases; and tail is unicolored, pale yellowish graybrown, quite hairy with hairs concealing annual scales. Cranially, the Peruvian Cotton Rat can be distinguished from all other congeners by its complete, primitive stapedial circulation. It can be distinguished from other South American
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFD7201E043F13B001B4F7D6" box="[2312,2435,2028,2061]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Sigmodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sigmodon</taxonomicName>
by long nasal bones; unconstricted interorbital region; short incisive foramina (rarely extending to molar alveoli); very narrow, short, and grooved palatal bridge with deep postero-lateral sulci; posterior palatal foramina always bordered by maxillary and palatal bones; large auditory bullae; broad, strongly opisthodont, ungrooved upper incisors; upper molars with alternate, acutely angled cusps; and first mandibular molars usually with only three well-developed roots. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 52, FNa = 50.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BD1D540F57F64D" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BD1D540F57F64D" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BD1D540DCEF6FA" bold="true" box="[1418,1529,2312,2337]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Habitat.</emphasis>
Xeric, semiarid, and often deforested landscapes, including riverine habitats in primary and secondary dry forests, wet natural grasslands, and agricultural fields from sea level to elevations of ¢.1600 m. Nests are usually constructed under logs and rocks or in dense clumps of grass.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BE1DC20091F63D" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BE1DC20091F63D" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BE1DC20EAEF664" bold="true" box="[1417,1689,2462,2495]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Peruvian Cotton Rat eats green plant material, fungi, and some seeds; insects are eaten, probably opportunistically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BE1DB00EC8F5D6" box="[1417,1791,2540,2573]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BE1DB00EC8F5D6" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" box="[1417,1791,2540,2573]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BE1DB00E27F5D6" bold="true" box="[1417,1552,2540,2573]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08B01E480E2FF580" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08B01E480E2FF580" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08B01E480E42F5EE" bold="true" box="[1415,1653,2580,2613]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Peruvian Cotton Rat is terrestrial and is active during the
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFD7201E07381E480208F5EE" box="[2575,2623,2580,2613]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="day">day</taxonomicName>
and night.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BE1E3F00F3F571" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BE1E3F00F3F571" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BE1E3F0077F55F" bold="true" box="[1417,2112,2659,2692]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
The Peruvian Cotton Rat constructs runways through grass or other low herbaceous vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BE1EED01DFF493" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BE1EED01DFF493" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BE1EED0EDFF509" bold="true" box="[1417,1768,2737,2770]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Peruvian Cotton Rat is considered uncommon, populations are considered stable, with no
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFD7201E08C81F5C0E66F4FA" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[1535,1617,2816,2849]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
threats, and it occurs in several protected areas in Ecuador and Peru. Introduced murid rats pose a potential problem that requires further attention.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFD7201E08BE1F0400D0F44C" pageId="121" pageNumber="400" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFD7201E08BE1F0400D0F44C" blockId="121.[1415,2624,1792,2967]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFD7201E08BE1F040E15F4AA" bold="true" box="[1417,1570,2904,2929]" pageId="121" pageNumber="400">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Allen (1897c, 1901a, 1903a, 1913a), Brito, Orellana-Vasquez et al. (2015), Swier et al. (2009), Thomas (1921e), Tirira (2007), Voss (1992, 20151), Zeballos, Vivar &amp; Tirira (2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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