188 lines
22 KiB
XML
188 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E860C986383A8F4CFD3E54561A46BE06">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4796249BBD710436054FC39B2ED53394">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C162714E1393001D9C1038403B6CE4BF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B31DDBB0A7FB2C6CC370EDCFABD3908C">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="7FA45B99BC4B2444F4FD60445A0123CB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="7CF31D78354740F567DBAB04412DAC91">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFBA20730D421E9501EEFB5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706616" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6706616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFBA20730D421E9501EEFB5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFBA20730D421E9501EEFB5A" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730D421E950898F52C" box="[117,175,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730D421E950898F52C" blockId="20.[115,1310,2761,2888]" box="[117,175,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFBA20730D421E950898F52C" box="[117,175,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFBA20730D421E950898F52C" box="[117,175,2761,2807]" captionStart="Plate 11: Cricetidae" captionStartId="18.[107,137,3099,3124]" captionTargetBox="[25,2753,22,3645]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="34. Nearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), 35. Ungava Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx hudsonius), 36. Nelson's Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nelsoni), 37. Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nunatakensis), 38. Richardson’s Collared Lemming (Ducrostonyx richardsoni), 39. Palearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus), 40. Unalaska Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx unalascensis), 41. Gray Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rufocanus), 42. Hokkaido Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rex), 43. Korean Red-backed Vole (Craseomys regulus), 44. Shanxi Red-backed Vole (Craseomys shanseius), 45. Anderson’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys andersoni), 46. Smith’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys smith), 47. Western Red-backed Vole (Myodes californicus), 48. Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi), 49. Bank Vole (Mpyodes glareolus), 50. Tian Shan Red-backed Vole (Myodes centralis), 51. Large-eared Vole (Myodes macrotis), 52. Northern Red-backed Vole (Myodes rutilus), 53. Silver Mountain Vole (Alticola argentatus), 54. White-tailed Mountain Vole (Alticola albicauda), 55. Kashmir Mountain Vole (Alticola montosus), 56. Royle’s Mountain Vole (Alticola roylei), 57. Strelzov’s Mountain Vole (Alticola strelzouvi), 58. Tuva Mountain Vole (Alticola tuvinicus), 59. Gobi Altai Mountain Vole (Alticola barakshin), 60. null (null), 60. null (null), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 66. Pere David's Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 66. Pere David’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 67. Yunnan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys miletus), 68. Sichuan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys chinensis), 69. Southwest China Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys custos), 70. Black-eared Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys olitor), 71. Yulongxuen Red-backed Vole (FEothenomys proditor), 72. Ward’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys wardi), 73. Hinton’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys hintoni), 74. Tarquinius Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys tarquinius), 75. Burrowing Vole (Hyperacrius fertilis), 76. Murree Vole (Hyperacrius wynnei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6709261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6709261/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">40.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730DF71E950B2EF52C" box="[192,793,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730DF71E950B2EF52C" blockId="20.[115,1310,2761,2888]" box="[192,793,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFBA20730DF71E950B2EF52C" box="[192,793,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFBA20730DF71E950B2EF52C" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[192,793,2761,2807]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Unalaska Collared Lemming</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730E6B1E950D2BF52C" box="[860,1308,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730E6B1E950D2BF52C" blockId="20.[115,1310,2761,2888]" box="[860,1308,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFBA20730E6B1E950D2BF52C" box="[860,1308,2761,2807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730E6B1E950D2BF52C" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[860,1308,2761,2807]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730E6B1E950D2BF52C" box="[860,1308,2761,2807]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Dicrostonyx unalascensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730D421F550A8DF49E" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730D421F550D2AF4C5" blockId="20.[115,1310,2761,2888]" box="[117,1309,2825,2846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFBA20730D421F550D2AF4C5" box="[117,1309,2825,2846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730D421F5508F7F4C5" bold="true" box="[117,192,2825,2846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFBA20730DFD1F5509EBF4C5" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[202,476,2825,2846]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Lemming des Aléoutiennes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730CC51F550A7CF4C5" bold="true" box="[498,587,2825,2846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFBA20730F611F550B5DF4C5" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[598,874,2825,2846]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Unalaska-Halsbandlemming</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730E481F550BEDF4C5" bold="true" box="[895,986,2825,2846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFBA20730ED21F550D2AF4C5" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[997,1309,2825,2846]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Lemming de collar de Unalaska</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730D431F6C0A8DF49E" blockId="20.[115,1310,2761,2888]" box="[116,698,2864,2885]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFBA20730D431F6C0A8DF49E" box="[116,698,2864,2885]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730D431F6C095CF49E" bold="true" box="[116,363,2864,2885]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFBA20730C411F6C0A8DF49E" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[374,698,2864,2885]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Umnak Island Collared Lemming</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730FEE1F240CECF467" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730FEE1F240CECF467" blockId="20.[729,1321,2936,3357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730FEE1F240B43F44E" bold="true" box="[729,884,2936,2965]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730EBB1F240B47F467" ID-CoL="6D636" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Dicrostonyx unalascensis Merriam, 1900</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFBA20730EB71FFF0CECF467" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814591" box="[896,1243,2979,3004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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“Unalaska,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFBA2073092A1FFF0C4BF467" box="[1053,1148,2979,3004]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFBA207309A01FFF0CE0F467" box="[1175,1239,2979,3004]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730FED1F9A0C41F32D" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730FED1F9A0C41F32D" blockId="20.[729,1321,2936,3357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730FED1F9A0C25F438" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[730,1042,3014,3043]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">Dicrostonyx unalascensis</taxonomicName>
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is considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730E5F1FB50C77F3D1" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[872,1088,3049,3082]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">D. groenlandicus</taxonomicName>
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by some authorities, but karyology and breeding studies have led to recognition of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA2073096918600D1EF382" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" box="[1118,1321,3132,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">D. unalascensis</taxonomicName>
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as a distinct species by others. Additional systematic work is needed to fully understand species limits within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA2073099918EE0B70F32D" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">D. groenlandicus</taxonomicName>
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complex. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730FEE195C08E3F29F" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFBA20730FEE195C08E3F29F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760311/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" startId="20.[729,900,3328,3357]" targetBox="[115,705,2939,3352]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730FEE195C08E3F29F" blockId="20.[729,1321,2936,3357]" lastBlockId="20.[115,1319,3363,3475]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730FEE195C0BBFF2C6" bold="true" box="[729,904,3328,3357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Unalaska I in Aleutian Is of Alaska.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730D4319160175FE4E" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730D4319160175FE4E" blockId="20.[115,1319,3363,3475]" lastBlockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730D4319160945F2B0" bold="true" box="[116,370,3402,3435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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No specific measurements are available. The Unalaska Collared Lemming is larger and paler than other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730E76192E0BE4F248" authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[833,979,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dicrostonyx</taxonomicName>
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and is not seasonally dimorphic. In winter, it does not turn white or develop digging claws. Few specimens of Unalaska Collared Lemmings are known (two were collected in 1931 and two in 1964), but several skulls have been salvaged from owl pellets from the island.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA2073084615C70F71FE38" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA2073084615C70F71FE38" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA2073084615C70DD7FE67" bold="true" box="[1393,1504,411,444]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Sandy or rocky beach soils. The Unalaska Collared Lemming uses burrowsit digs to rest and escape predation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA2073084715B60EBEFDE9" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA2073084715B60EBEFDE9" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA2073084715B60E42FDD0" bold="true" box="[1392,1653,490,523]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Unalaska Collared Lemming likely feeds on plant leaves, flowers, buds, and roots.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA2073084716610F82FD5A" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA2073084716610F82FD5A" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA2073084716610DC0FD81" bold="true" box="[1392,1527,573,602]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Unalaska Collared Lemmings might breed year-round. Gestation likely averages 20-21 days, with litters of 1-8 young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA2073085816DB0EA7FD14" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA2073085816DB0EA7FD14" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA2073085816DB0E6EFD73" bold="true" box="[1391,1625,647,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Unalaska Collared Lemmings probably actively feed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA2073047716DB0147FD73" box="[2368,2416,647,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="day">day</taxonomicName>
|
||
or night and throughout the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA207308471686012BFD2C" box="[1392,2332,730,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA207308471686012BFD2C" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" box="[1392,2332,730,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA207308471686001AFD2C" bold="true" box="[1392,2093,730,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730846175E0FB7FBD0" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730846175E0FB7FBD0" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA20730846175E0EE4FCC4" bold="true" box="[1393,1747,770,799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Because the Unalaska Collared Lemming is found on a single island, it could be considered as Endangered, but additional information on population status and threats is needed to determine if it is declining. Impacts of exotic rodent introductions such as the Brown Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA2073088C17C30E9AFC67" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[1467,1709,927,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">Rattus norvegicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the House Mouse (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA20730ADD17C30084FC67" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2026,2227,927,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">Mus musculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Arctic Ground Squirrel (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFBA207308C1179E0E49FC38" authorityName="Obolenskij" authorityYear="1927" box="[1526,1662,962,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Urocitellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Urocitellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
parryi) are unknown. Furthermore, taxonomic status of many collared lemmings needs to be reviewed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFBA20730846104201EEFB5A" pageId="20" pageNumber="299" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFBA20730846104201EEFB5A" blockId="20.[1390,2600,293,1154]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFBA2073084610420E3DFBE8" bold="true" box="[1393,1546,1054,1075]" pageId="20" pageNumber="299">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bradley, Ammerman et al. (2014), Cook et al. (2010), Engstrom et al. (1993), Gilmore (1933), Linzey & NatureServe (Garibaldi & Hammerson) (2008), MacDonald & Cook (2009), Musser & Carleton (2005), Peterson (1967), Rausch (1977), Rausch & Rausch (1972), Stenseth & Ims (1993), Wilson & Ruff (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |