193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BAF0AD18E0129227F930F5E4EC01FD58">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3848731422B6B4AFCE95289502A942BC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAD9E852E5AC106C4D119D496C048FDC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E33E67733C89C3FF1A63ED81311D994">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="2AA325DEF5C439F85905DD7D2F817365">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="FCB3EBB7F8A7A74E9785F409D644B906">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFAD2064089E17320F22F4B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706452" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6706452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFAD2064089E17320F22F4B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFAD2064089E17320F22F4B6" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089E17320DFEFC4F" box="[1449,1481,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E17320DFEFC4F" blockId="3.[1447,2441,878,958]" box="[1449,1481,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFAD2064089E17320DFEFC4F" box="[1449,1481,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFAD2064089E17320DFEFC4F" box="[1449,1481,878,916]" captionStart="Plate 10: Cricetidae" captionStartId="2.[121,151,3210,3235]" captionTargetBox="[13,2742,14,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Roborovski’s Desert Hamster (Phodopus roborouskii), 2. Campbell's Desert Hamster (Phodopus campbelli), 3. Striped Desert Hamster (Phodopus sungorus), 4. Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), 5. Ciscaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus radder), 6. Brandt's Hamster (Mesocricetus brandii), 7. Romanian Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni), 8. Gray Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus migratorius), 9. Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus longicaudatus), 10. Striped Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus barabensis), 11. Sokolov’s Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus sokolouvi), 12. Ladakh Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus alticola), 13. Tibetan Dwarf Hamster (Cricetulus kamensis), 14. Gansu Hamster (Cansumys canus), 15. Greater Long-tailed Hamster (Tscherskia triton), 16. Mongolian Hamster (Allocricetulus curtatus), 17. Eversmann’s Hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni), 18. Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus), 19. Long-clawed Mole Vole (Prometheomys schaposchnikowi), 20. Round-tailed Muskrat (Neofiber alleni), 21. Common Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), 22. Western Heather Vole (Phenacomys intermedius), 23. Eastern Heather Vole (Phenacomys ungava), 24. White-footed Vole (Arborimus albipes), 25. Red Tree Vole (Arborvmus longicaudus), 26. Sonoma Tree Vole (Arborimus pomo), 27. Northern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys borealis), 28. Southern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys cooperi), 29. Wood Lemming (Myopus schisticolor), 30. Amur Brown Lemming (Lemmus amurensis), 31. Norway Brown Lemming (Lemmus lemmus), 32. Siberian Brown Lemming (Lemmus sibiricus), 33. Nearctic Brown Lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">5.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD206408EC17320F95FC4F" box="[1499,1954,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD206408EC17320F95FC4F" blockId="3.[1447,2441,878,958]" box="[1499,1954,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFAD206408EC17320F95FC4F" box="[1499,1954,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFAD206408EC17320F95FC4F" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1499,1954,878,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radder">Ciscaucasian Hamster</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD20640AE217320177FC4F" box="[2005,2368,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD20640AE217320177FC4F" blockId="3.[1447,2441,878,958]" box="[2005,2368,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFAD20640AE217320177FC4F" box="[2005,2368,878,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640AE217320177FC4F" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[2005,2368,878,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radder">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD20640AE217320177FC4F" box="[2005,2368,878,916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Mesocricetus radder</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089E17FA01BFFC60" box="[1449,2440,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E17FA01BFFC60" blockId="3.[1447,2441,878,958]" box="[1449,2440,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFAD2064089E17FA01BFFC60" box="[1449,2440,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089E17FA0DC3FC60" bold="true" box="[1449,1524,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFAD206408C917FA0ED2FC60" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1534,1765,934,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radder">Hamster du Daghestan</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD20640BCD17FA0F62FC60" bold="true" box="[1786,1877,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFAD20640A6917FA000FFC60" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1886,2104,934,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radder">Schwarzbrusthamster</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064057A17FA009FFC60" bold="true" box="[2125,2216,934,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFAD2064058517FA01BFFC60" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[2226,2440,934,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radder">Hamster del Caucaso</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064053B17AD00CBFB82" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064053B17AD00CBFB82" blockId="3.[2059,2654,1009,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064053B17AD0090FBD1" bold="true" box="[2060,2215,1009,1034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD206405EC17AD00ECFBEA" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Cricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigricans" subSpecies="radder">Cricetus nigricans radder Nehring, 1894</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFAD206405D9104400CBFB82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814956" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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Samur River,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFAD2064049810440205FBEA" box="[2479,2610,1048,1073]" country="Russia" name="Dagestan" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Dagestan</collectingRegion>
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, N Caucasus,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFAD206405A8106000CFFB82" box="[2207,2296,1084,1113]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064053B103F017DFAB7" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064053B103F017DFAB7" blockId="3.[2059,2654,1009,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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In the past,
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD206405F8103F0162FB5B" box="[2255,2389,1123,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Lasiopodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddei">M. raddei</taxonomicName>
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was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD2064056510DA00D2FB7C" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[2130,2277,1158,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">M. auratus</taxonomicName>
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, but they are sister species and share identical karyotype (2n = 44) but differ in morphology and nucleotide sequences. Includes nigriculus as a junior synonym of the nominate subspecies. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064053B112E00DBF9D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFAD2064053B112E00DBF9D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760167/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" startId="3.[2060,2214,1394,1427]" targetBox="[1445,2036,1009,1423]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064053B112E01AAFA48" blockId="3.[2059,2654,1009,1427]" box="[2060,2461,1394,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064053B112E01AAFA48" bold="true" box="[2060,2461,1394,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E11C601BFFA38" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD2064089E11C601BFFA38" authority=": Nehring, 1894" authorityName=": Nehring" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="radder" subSpecies="radde">M.r.radde:Nehring,1894—mostofrangebetweenthelowerreachesofDonRiverandSDagestan(Russia),includingasinglerecordinextremeNEGeorgia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E11B500DBF9D1" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" box="[1449,2284,1513,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD2064089E11B50F83F9D1" authority="Ognev & Heptner, 1927" authorityName="Ognev & Heptner" authorityYear="1927" box="[1449,1972,1513,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="radder" subSpecies="avaricus">M. r. avaricus Ognev & Heptner, 1927</taxonomicName>
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— C Dagestan Plateau.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089F124C0041F89E" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089F124C0041F89E" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089F124C0E93F9EA" bold="true" box="[1448,1700,1552,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 149-220 mm, tail 12-20 mm; weight 200-300 g. General
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD206408DF126B0E5BF983" box="[1512,1644,1591,1624]" form="and" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
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proportions of the Ciscaucasian
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640570126B00F7F983" box="[2119,2240,1591,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
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are like those of the Golden
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD2064089E12030E15F95B" box="[1449,1570,1631,1664]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640B0E12030EE4F95B" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1593,1747,1631,1664]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mesocricetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">M. auratus</taxonomicName>
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), but pelage lacks reddish tints. Back is gray, only rarely washed buff, and flanks and belly are dirt white, gray, or blackish gray. Transverse band on chest is black and extensive, blotch on cheeks and shoulder is cream, and oblique sub-auricularstripe is blackish brown or black. Black and white individuals were found in the wild. Skull resembles that of the Golden
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD2064057212A0008AF8C6" box="[2117,2237,1788,1821]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
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exceptit is more ridged with more robust rostrum. Molars show no peculiarities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089F13170238F860" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089F13170238F860" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089F13170E20F8B7" bold="true" box="[1448,1559,1867,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Grass and grass-herb steppes, xeric mountain steppes, and fallow land at elevations of 200-2800 m. Although Ciscaucasian Hamsters prefer natural habitats, they also occupy arable land and are occasionally found in woodlands within steppes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089F139D0FCDF782" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089F139D0FCDF782" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089F139D0E9CF839" bold="true" box="[1448,1707,1985,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Green plants are staples in spring and early summer diets of Ciscaucasian Hamsters; seeds, roots, and tubers dominate autumn diets. They carry seeds in expandable cheek pouches into burrows for winter caches of 16 kg or more. They are considered an important agricultural pest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089F1C030EA3F72C" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089F1C030EA3F72C" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089F1C030E18F75B" bold="true" box="[1448,1583,2143,2176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Main reproductive period of the Ciscaucasian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD206405E31C03017AF75B" box="[2260,2381,2143,2176]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
|
||
is spring and early summer, depending on elevation. Females have 2 litters/year at high elevations and 3 litters/year at low elevations; fourlitters are exceptional. There are 4-20 young/litter (average twelve).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD206408901CA10E2DF5D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD206408901CA10E2DF5D1" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD206408901CA10EA9F6C5" bold="true" box="[1447,1694,2301,2334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Ciscaucasian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640A841CA10018F6C5" box="[1971,2095,2301,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
|
||
is crepuscular and nocturnal but also diurnal in spring and summer. It hibernates in October-March. It is an active digger; digging activity peaks during postnatal dispersion in May-July. Burrow entrances have diameters of 5-7 cm for adults and 4.5-5 cm for young. Initial vertical shafts of 40-100 cm continue into 50-80 cm long horizontal tunnels that may branch further into galleries and chambers used for food storage, latrines, and nesting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089E1E4C0263F583" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E1E4C0263F583" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089E1E4C004BF5EA" bold="true" box="[1449,2172,2576,2609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Male Ciscaucasian Hamsters are aggressive among themselves, producing teeth chattering in antagonistic encounters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089E1E0300D9F4C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089E1E0300D9F4C5" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089E1E030F3FF55B" bold="true" box="[1449,1800,2655,2688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Densities are high (up to 39-96 ind/ha), and no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640AD31EDA0001F57C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[2020,2102,2694,2727]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats have been reported. In Rostov Oblast, Russia, the Ciscaucasian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFAD20640A451EEE0FDDF514" box="[1906,2026,2738,2767]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Hamster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hamster</taxonomicName>
|
||
is expanding northward and westward. Nevertheless, it is included in red books of Satvropol Krai and Kalmykia Republic. Populations declines in Kalmykia have been noted since the 1960s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFAD2064089D1F710F22F4B6" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFAD2064089D1F710F22F4B6" blockId="3.[1447,2655,1434,2925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFAD2064089D1F710E75F49D" bold="true" box="[1450,1602,2861,2886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Lebedev (2012), Likhovid (2002), Neumann et al. (2006), Romanenko et al. (2007), Sandzhiev et al. (2013), Tembotov (1965, 1972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |