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<document id="FDA8CBD90235CED2FFC14AC902C1E916" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FF1A20D2088313BA0AC5F897" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scapteromys aquaticus Thomas 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="460" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="459" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="FC27C9B458552424542C26B0481567D4">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="39346DC8DA5403F1D3D2DB98310F9AC1">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF1A20D2088313BA0AC5F897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6728177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6728177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF1A20D2088313BA0AC5F897" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF1A20D2088313BA0AC5F897" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D3088313BA0E30F7CF" blockId="180.[1458,2546,2022,2109]" box="[1460,1543,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF1A20D3088313BA0E30F7CF" box="[1460,1543,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<figureCitation id="1362C080FF1A20D3088313BA0E30F7CF" box="[1460,1543,2022,2068]" captionStart="Plate 24: Cricetidae" captionStartId="173.[132,162,3175,3200]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="172" captionText="487. Common Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris), 488. Texas Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys texensus), 489. Couess Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi), 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus), 492. Gorgass Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi), 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi), 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae), 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi), 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis), 497. Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus), 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni), 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica), 500. Alfaros Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari), 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus), 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas), 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus), 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus), 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus), 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus), 507. Zunigas Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae), 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius), 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus), 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis), 511. Torress Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis), 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus), 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus), 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis), 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto), 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus), 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis), 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps), 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens), 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus), 522. Iherings Brucie (Brucepattersonius theringi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708535/files/figure.png" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">513.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D30B2213BA0024F7CF" box="[1557,2067,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D30B2213BA0024F7CF" blockId="180.[1458,2546,2022,2109]" box="[1557,2067,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF1A20D30B2213BA0024F7CF" box="[1557,2067,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF1A20D30B2213BA0024F7CF" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1557,2067,2022,2068]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Argentinean Swamp Rat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D3056E13BA01D0F7CF" box="[2137,2535,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D3056E13BA01D0F7CF" blockId="180.[1458,2546,2022,2109]" box="[2137,2535,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF1A20D3056E13BA01D0F7CF" box="[2137,2535,2022,2068]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D3056E13BA01D0F7CF" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[2137,2535,2022,2068]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D3056E13BA01D0F7CF" box="[2137,2535,2022,2068]" italics="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Scapteromys aquaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D308831C7A01C7F7E0" box="[1460,2544,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D308831C7A01C7F7E0" blockId="180.[1458,2546,2022,2109]" box="[1460,2544,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF1A20D308831C7A01C7F7E0" box="[1460,2544,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D308831C7A0DC8F7E0" bold="true" box="[1460,1535,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF1A20D30B301C7A0EF1F7E0" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1543,1734,2086,2107]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Akodon des marais</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D30BEC1C7A0F01F7E0" bold="true" box="[1755,1846,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF1A20D30A091C7A0065F7E0" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1854,2130,2086,2107]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Argentinien-Sumpflandratte</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D305511C7A00F6F7E0" bold="true" box="[2150,2241,2086,2107]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF1A20D305FB1C7A01C7F7E0" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[2252,2544,2086,2107]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Rata de ciénaga de Argentina</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D305211C3001B6F6DB" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D305211C300135F702" blockId="180.[2070,2663,2156,2580]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D305211C300085F752" bold="true" box="[2070,2226,2156,2185]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D305F41C30006CF76A" ID-CoL="6Y6WW" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Scapteromys aquaticus Thomas, 1920</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF1A20D305471CC40135F702" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814416" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF1A20D305471CC400A9F76A" box="[2160,2206,2200,2225]" name="Iceland" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Isla</collectingCountry>
Ella, Delta del Parana,
<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FF1A20D304C81CC40057F702" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF1A20D305591C9C00C9F702" box="[2158,2302,2240,2265]" name="Argentina" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D305201C8301B6F6DB" blockId="180.[2070,2663,2156,2580]" box="[2071,2433,2271,2304]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D305201D5A01F9F61F" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF268C8DFF1A20D305201D5A01F9F61F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6707208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6707208/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" targetBox="[1456,2047,2160,2574]" targetPageId="180">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D305201D5A01F9F61F" blockId="180.[2070,2663,2156,2580]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D305201D5A00F0F6FC" bold="true" box="[2071,2247,2310,2343]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Distribution.</emphasis>
Parana and Uruguay river basins from S Paraguay to CE
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D304E71D6D0268F695" box="[2512,2655,2353,2382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName>
, extending marginally into S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State) and W Uruguay along E bank of Uruguay River.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D305201D970F0DF3E1" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D305201D970F0DF3E1" blockId="180.[2070,2663,2156,2580]" lastBlockId="180.[1457,2666,2586,3484]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D305201D970118F637" bold="true" box="[2071,2351,2507,2540]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 126-252 mm, tail 108-147 mm, ear 20-24 mm, hindfoot 35-43 mm; weight 64-155 g. The Argentinean Swamp Rat is moderately large, with tail equal to or slightly longer than head-body length. Pelage is thick, soft, and glossy; upperparts of head and body are somewhat gray to dark brown and underside of head, chest, and belly are more or less grayish white, washed with buff to ocherous. Tail is well-developed but not thick, covered by stiff but not hispid dark brown pelage; ventral keel hairs are usually long; and terminal tuft is present although composed of a handful of long hairs. Ears are small and rounded, covered by hairs on both surfaces. Forefeet are well-developed but not markedly enlarged, second to fifth digits are strong, and claws are slender and of equal length. Hindfeet are strong and elongate, their length (including claws) is ¢.24% of head—body length, and claws are slender but powerful. There are narrow bands of webbing between first phalanges of three middle digits and along inner side of each outer digit. The Argentinean Swamp Rat is slightly smaller than the Uruguay Swamp Rat (S.
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D305FF1FAA0102F3C8" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[2248,2357,3062,3091]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Scapteromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumidus">tumidus</taxonomicName>
). Chromosomal complement is 2n = 32, FN = 40.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D30885181C016FF324" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D30885181C016FF324" blockId="180.[1457,2666,2586,3484]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D30885181C0E15F3BA" bold="true" box="[1458,1570,3136,3169]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Habitat.</emphasis>
Flooded places and coastal wetlands associated to the Paraguay-Parana-Plata and Uruguay river systems, including those covered by moderate to dense riparian or gallery forests. Understory cover is an important aspect of habitats preferred by the Argentinean Swamp Rat, abundant in floodplains thickly covered with pampas grass (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D3088818BE0E7EF324" box="[1471,1609,3298,3327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cortaderia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cortaderia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D30B6E18BE0EFCF324" box="[1625,1739,3298,3327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) and the sedge
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D30A8618BE003BF324" box="[1969,2060,3298,3327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Scirpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Scirpus</taxonomicName>
giganteus (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1A20D3059618BE017CF324" box="[2209,2379,3298,3327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1A20D2088519550C4FFEA8" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="180" pageNumber="459" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1A20D2088519550C4FFEA8" blockId="180.[1457,2666,2586,3484]" lastBlockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1A20D3088519550E80F2FD" bold="true" box="[1458,1719,3337,3366]" pageId="180" pageNumber="459">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Argentinean Swamp Rat apparently prefers to eat oligochaete worms rather than beetles. It detects prey by smell and then captures it by rooting and digging. After an earthworm is exposed, the Argentinean Swamp Rat seizes and immobilizes it by gashing the worms body with its incisors. The worm is then bitten into segments, chewed thoroughly, and noisily and quickly swallowed. Bait preferences displayed by the Argentinean Swamp Rat suggest a tendency to omnivory.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1B20D20D471526093FFDBB" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1B20D20D471526093FFDBB" blockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1B20D20D47152608C0FE40" bold="true" box="[112,247,378,411]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">Breeding.</emphasis>
Gravid female Argentinean Swamp Rats were recorded in November and January, but none had full term fetuses. In late January, young individuals were recorded with eyes still closed, and females with two well-developed fetuses were captured. These findings suggest that reproductive period is late spring to summer. Litters have 2—4 young. A lactating female was found nesting on the ground hidden only by thick vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1B20D20D58163A09C6FB5C" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1B20D20D58163A09C6FB5C" blockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1B20D20D58163A096EFD5C" bold="true" box="[111,345,614,647]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Argentinean Swamp Rat is crepuscular and nocturnal. Although usually typified as semi-aquatic sigmodontines, Argentinean Swamp Rats are mostly captured in terrestrial habitats and not directly from water bodies or daily flooded areas. It dives readily and swims easily and swiftly; while swimming, only its head and anterior portion of back are exposed. It propels itself by horizontal undulations of its tail, rowing movements of hindfeet, and short paddling motions of forefeet. Fur remains nearly completely dry during immersion. Fossorial proclivities of the Argentinean Swamp Rat are not remarkable. Although its claws are long and stout, they are primarily adapted for securing food. The Argentinean Swamp Rat is a good climber. Its scansorial ability combined with swimming skill permit it to live on floodplains where tall plants provide a haven from floods. Long claws and flexible tail are particularly useful in climbing. A captive individual leaped up and hooked its claws into mesh walls of its cage. The Argentinean Swamp Rat keeps tail and hindlegs on the ground, even when grooming or feeding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1B20D20D4710CE0C2CF974" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1B20D20D4710CE0C2CF974" blockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1B20D20D4710CE0B76FB74" bold="true" box="[112,833,1170,1199]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Density variation was limited despite seasonal reproduction, with
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF1B20D20F6510E90A92FB0D" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[594,677,1205,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
intensity during spring and summer. Known individuals persisted in a sampling area for more than 20 months, which suggests minimal longevity of c.2 years. Density, residency, and reproduction were higher in microhabitats with extensive vegetative cover at least 0-50 m high. A variety of vocalizations were recorded, including sharp cry by nestling young and sonorous adult call. Suckling young emit very high pitched “chi-chi or “chio-chio.” Adult vocalization is lower pitched. Two captive adults uttered a slow “ro-ro-ro,” which became a shrill “creccrec” when an individual was excited or harassed; it can rise to a higher and sustained “cree... ec if an individual was cornered or in pain. The Argentinean Swamp Rat has a highly developed sense of hearing and can perceive sounds of extremely high wave lengths. It is easily startled and seeks safety by plunging into the nearest water. It is an attractive animal in captivity. It seems to tame easily but remains shy. It does not hesitate to bite when seized and is cannibalistic, at least in captivity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1B20D20D4612E90CBCF90D" box="[113,1163,1717,1750]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1B20D20D4612E90CBCF90D" blockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" box="[113,1163,1717,1750]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1B20D20D4612E909FAF90D" bold="true" box="[113,461,1717,1750]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF1B20D20D4612B90AC5F897" pageId="181" pageNumber="460" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF1B20D20D4612B90AC5F897" blockId="181.[106,1320,299,1869]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF1B20D20D4612B9093DF925" bold="true" box="[113,266,1765,1790]" pageId="181" pageNumber="460">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bianchini &amp; Delupi (1993), Bonvicino et al. (2013), Brum-Zorrilla et al. (1986), Contreras (1966), Cueto, Cagnoni &amp; Piantanida (1995), D'Elia &amp; Pardinas (2004, 2015, 2016b), Hershkovitz (1966a), Massoia (1961), Massoia &amp; Fornes (1964a, 1965b), Thomas (1920b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>