462 lines
56 KiB
XML
462 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="6A7672851648BF402AFA5C0B19C6650E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0faea31-14ed-4928-8994-3f5f1bc62f5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223479" ID-ZooBank="6C451EF6-DA2C-48EA-8CF1-4AFFF22198A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460601299992" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kahn, Amanda S., Geller, Jonathan B., Reiswig, Henry M. & Smith, Kenneth L." docDate="2013" docId="03D187AAFF99BA2CE0DFFA05E499FEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p400.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bathydorus laniger Kahn, Geller, Reiswig & Smith, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="390" masterDocId="FFE8FFD2FF9BBA29E048FF92E542FFCC" masterDocTitle="Bathydorus laniger and Docosaccus maculatus (Lyssacinosida; Hexactinellida): Two new species of glass sponge from the abyssal eastern North Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="386" pageNumber="388" updateTime="1698327501150" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="767524FBD10D014C80E6A740C80E563C">Bathydorus laniger and Docosaccus maculatus (Lyssacinosida; Hexactinellida): Two new species of glass sponge from the abyssal eastern North Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA701740B5403EE8BEAA9F2C73E19F8E">Kahn, Amanda S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A74213079C60E77A3A0E9E89B4EE9AE">Geller, Jonathan B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C0F335F44201333E6ED6FE11B4CB08A">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04C5467EA2E7D194D1DB59CCE64115F1">Smith, Kenneth L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="15C628A94967AF07FD91974F2F8B35C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="53E83927AC37DE71DD5CB99A5F0FA0D8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="808C364C8268A03068A7E03AA1450989">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BB757A7ACDD0E262097ADD65DEEE9F3C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6173FEB799194721947D94620119C59B">3646</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F781968BAAEDB4F02F8FCFC1B55BB888" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E3B82CA91E021AD3D1AF01DE9122FCA6">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="576CEC1EC64D21CF3E9DB70C82DE0C7E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FE595C9FB9FE90EAD40639EDF7337759" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F5A9CE608A8500D4E334DC660D8FEE1" type="ZooBank">6C451EF6-DA2C-48EA-8CF1-4AFFF22198A9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D187AAFF99BA2CE0DFFA05E499FEA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187AAFF99BA2CE0DFFA05E499FEA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187AAFF99BA2CE0DFFA05E499FEA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF99BA2BE0DFFA05E425FA1E" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2BE0DFFA05E75EFA7D" blockId="2.[151,540,1431,1490]" box="[151,540,1431,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<heading id="D08F81D0FF99BA2BE0DFFA05E75EFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,540,1431,1457]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE0DFFA05E75EFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,540,1431,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF99BA2BE0DFFA05E43CFA7D" ID-CoL="5WDVY" box="[151,382,1431,1457]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE0DFFA05E43CFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Bathydorus laniger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF99BA2BE1C5FA05E75EFA7D" box="[397,540,1431,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2BE0DFFA28E425FA1E" blockId="2.[151,540,1431,1490]" box="[151,359,1466,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13432A39FF99BA2BE0D7FA28E443FA1E" box="[159,257,1466,1490]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,915,938]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,373,893]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1427,411,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,373,894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,411,1955]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. holotype, whole body images. A. In situ photograph of whole organism taken by ROV Tiburon. Atrial surface with marginal prostalia visible. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, with pleural prostalia (P) seen protruding as long, single diactins. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. from Station M, California, USA; scale diagram of spicule arrangement. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom; prostal diactins are omitted. Scale bar: 200 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/223481/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/223482/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Fig. 2–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6FA0307FF99BA2BE144FA28E41EFA1E" box="[268,348,1466,1490]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1373,232,1039]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Bathydorus laniger sp. n., from Station M, California, USA (dimensions in µm, except for the choanosomal and prostal diactin lengths, which are in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" tableUuid="DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF99BA2BE0DFF991E078F966" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2BE0DFF991E6D1F9F2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1538,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE0DFF991E449F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,267,1539,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF99BA2BE0DFF991E444F9D7" box="[151,262,1539,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Stored at SIO-BIC (P1538), coll. A. S. Kahn using MBARI
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE3E5F991E100F9D7" box="[941,1090,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
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, dive T1094 from
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE55AF991E591F9F2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">R/V Western Flyer</emphasis>
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,
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE0A8F9B4E47EF9F2" box="[224,316,1574,1598]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="3950.0">3,950 m</quantity>
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depth, Station M (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C507BFF99BA2BE245F9B4E732F9F2" box="[525,624,1574,1598]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="34.833332">34º50’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4C507BFF99BA2BE233F9B4E7A1F9F2" box="[635,739,1574,1598]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="-123.0">123º0’W</geoCoordinate>
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), 0
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<date id="FFC6107CFF99BA2BE34DF9B4E6D2F9F2" box="[773,912,1574,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" value="2007-06-05">5 June 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2BE081F9D8E078F966" blockId="2.[151,1436,1538,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE081F9D8E741F9AF" bold="true" box="[201,515,1610,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Other material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF99BA2BE245F9D9E73CF9AF" box="[525,638,1611,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: CASIZ
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<date id="FFC6107CFF99BA2BE2AEF9D8E67FF9AE" box="[742,829,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" value="78-04-19">190478</date>
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,
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||
<date id="FFC6107CFF99BA2BE303F9D8E6E0F9AE" box="[843,930,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" value="79-04-19">190479</date>
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, MBARI Sponges 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3 coll. H. Ruhl using MBARI
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE1CCF9FDE759F94A" box="[388,539,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
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, from
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE225F9FDE602F94A" box="[621,832,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">R/V Western Flyer</emphasis>
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,
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE319F9FCE6F2F94A" box="[849,944,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="4000.0">4,000 m</quantity>
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depth, Station M,
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<date id="FFC6107CFF99BA2BE4C3F9FCE0DBF94A" box="[1163,1433,1646,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" value="2007-09-21" valueMax="2007-09-23" valueMin="2007-09-21">21–23 September 2007</date>
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. SIO-IZ P1463, coll. K. L. Smith using otter trawl, PULSE 46, depth ~
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE3EEF900E144F966" box="[934,1030,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="4100.0">4,100 m</quantity>
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, Station M,
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<date id="FFC6107CFF99BA2BE4C6F900E074F966" box="[1166,1334,1682,1706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" value="2005-02">February 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF99BA2BE08FF924E1D7F84E" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2BE08FF924E1D7F84E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1538,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE08FF924E403F903" bold="true" box="[199,321,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF99BA2BE11CF924E494F902" box="[340,470,1718,1742]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE11CF924E494F902" box="[340,470,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Bathydorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with dermal and atrial layer of stauractins; hypodermal pentactins smooth; microscleres usually only oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters, small oxyhexactins rarely found. Body shape platelike with dermal surface facing downward, toward the seafloor. A fringe of marginal prostalia protrudes from the perimeter and solitary pleural prostalia project from the dermal surface, inserting into the substrate and providing anchorage. No major oscula present, but usually one small hole in center of dermal surface may represent a residual osculum; color white on seafloor, becoming beige from sediment fouling during collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF99BA2AE08FF81CE1CEF863" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF99BA2AE08FF81CE47DFEF3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1538,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF99BA2BE08FF81CE4A6F86B" bold="true" box="[199,484,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF99BA2BE13EF81DE49DF86B" box="[374,479,1935,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF99BA2BE1A3F81CE711F86A" box="[491,595,1934,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13432A39FF99BA2BE22AF81CE7E7F86A" box="[610,677,1934,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,915,938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,893]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. holotype, whole body images. A. In situ photograph of whole organism taken by ROV Tiburon. Atrial surface with marginal prostalia visible. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, with pleural prostalia (P) seen protruding as long, single diactins. Scale bar: 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223481/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE2FCF81CE7BBF86A" box="[692,761,1934,1958]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="cm" value="38.0">38 cm</quantity>
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diameter at longest axis,
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE45EF81CE130F86A" box="[1046,1138,1934,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
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thick. The atrial surface is smooth and faces up away from seafloor, while the dermal surface contains long (>
|
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF99BA2BE40FF820E1C0F806" box="[1095,1154,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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), solitary prostal diactins that project down into the sediments and anchor the sponge. Marginal prostals project from the perimeter forming a fringe around the sponge, and are angled slightly toward the sediments. Neither surface has recognizable ostial or oscular apertures, but spacing between nodes in the stauractin framework is 78.8
|
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE47CFF2FE101FF18" box="[1076,1091,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">±</emphasis>
|
||
9.4 µm (mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE4BCFF2FE041FF18" box="[1268,1283,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">±</emphasis>
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SD). A large hole perforates the center, leaving a concavity in the atrial surface. Live specimens at depth are white; once disturbed and brought to the surface they can appear beige from sediment fouling. Sponges have a crunchy but pliable texture.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF076634FF98BA2AE0DFFC01E1BEFC2B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223481/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" targetBox="[151,1436,373,893]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF98BA2AE0DFFC01E1BEFC2B" blockId="3.[151,1436,915,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE0DFFC01E451FC64" bold="true" box="[151,275,915,938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF98BA2AE153FC01E49DFC65" box="[283,479,915,937]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE153FC01E49DFC65" box="[283,479,915,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Bathydorus laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE1AFFC06E763FC65" bold="true" box="[487,545,916,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF98BA2AE1AFFC06E763FC65" box="[487,545,916,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, whole body images. A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE3CBFC06E686FC65" box="[899,964,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
photograph of whole organism taken by
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE523FC06E5A7FC04" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
|
||
. Atrial surface with marginal prostalia visible. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, with pleural prostalia (P) seen protruding as long, single diactins. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF98BA2AE08FFB87E4B4FACF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1043,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE08FFB87E4FDFBE0" box="[199,447,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Lyssacine framework.</emphasis>
|
||
Moving from the lower dermal to the upper atrial surface, the outermost layer of the dermal surface is a single layer of stauractins, networked together but not fused. Proximal to the stauractin layer are large, smooth, hypodermal pentactins arranged semi-regularly, with proximal rays pointing toward the choanosome and tangential rays nearly aligning with the distal stauractin network. The choanosomal layer is primarily comprised of long diactins but also contains scattered oxyhemihexasters. A layer of small hypoatrial hexactins is irregularly arranged distal to the choanosome, and a final layer of networked stauractins finishes off the atrial surface (summarized in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE1EDFB79E4AAFACF" box="[421,488,1259,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,411,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,411,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. from Station M, California, USA; scale diagram of spicule arrangement. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom; prostal diactins are omitted. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF98BA2AE08FFA9DE0D2FA87" blockId="3.[151,1436,1043,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">The channel system could not be determined, but the dermal surface appears to have regularly spaced openings among the stauractin network (80µm diameter) while the atrial surface has a fine mesh with no distinctive oscula.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF98BA2AE08FFAC5E075F97F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1043,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF98BA2AE08FFAC5E46EFAA3" box="[199,300,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule forms are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE23DFAC5E7FAFAA3" box="[629,696,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,411,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,411,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. from Station M, California, USA; scale diagram of spicule arrangement. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom; prostal diactins are omitted. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE2BAFAC5E677FAA3" box="[754,821,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and dimensions are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FA0307FF98BA2AE4E4FAC5E043FAA3" box="[1196,1281,1367,1391]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1373,232,1039]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Bathydorus laniger sp. n., from Station M, California, USA (dimensions in µm, except for the choanosomal and prostal diactin lengths, which are in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" tableUuid="DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Megascleres include stauractins, pentactins, diactins, and hexactins. Microscleres range from oxyhexactins to oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters. The outermost dermal layer is a network of small rough stauractine dermalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE4BAFA0DE075FA7B" box="[1266,1335,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a) with a layer of large, smooth hypodermal pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE2A0FA51E675FA17" box="[744,823,1475,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c) immediately proximal to it. Oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters with one to three secondary rays branching from each primary ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE414FA75E1E2FA33" box="[1116,1184,1511,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
e) are scattered among the longer proximal rays of the pentactins. Long choanosomal diactins in the center provide internal structure along with the proximal rays of the pentactins. A swelling halfway along the length of the diactins contains the axial cross and the four vestigial axial filaments that would make up a hexactine spicule; the tips are slightly rough (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE526F9C1E5E5F943" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d). The outermost atrial surface also begins with a layer of rough stauractine atrialia, followed immediately by a proximal, hypoatrial layer of small rough hexactins with all rays approximately the same length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF98BA2AE49EF909E058F97F" box="[1238,1306,1691,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1372,1395]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bathydorus laniger sp. n., spicule images from SEM. A. Dermal stauractin. B. Hypoatrial hexactin. C. Hypodermal pentactin. D. Tip of choanosomal diactin. E. Oxyhexaster, oxyhemihexasters, and oxyhexactin. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223483/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF98BA2AE08FF92DE1CEF863" blockId="3.[151,1436,1043,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Diactine prostalia project as both marginalia and pleuralia to provide anchorage in the sediments, acting as functional basalia. The prostal diactins project tangentially from the dermal surface or margin, then curve toward the seafloor. Thin siliceous strands spiral around the proximal ends of the prostalia, but they diminish as distance from the main body increases. No central swellings or tubercles are observed along the length of the prostal diactins. The tips of the prostalia were smooth and each tapered to a point. No major differences were observed between diactins comprising pleural prostalia versus marginal prostalia, except that marginal prostalia were slightly thinner and were straighter than pleural prostalia, which curled into the sediments.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" ID-Table-UUID="DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" targetBox="[159,1373,232,1039]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE658FF00" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE0DFFF0AE447FF61" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE1BFFF0AE7FFFF62" box="[503,701,152,174]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE1BFFF0AE7FFFF62" box="[503,701,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE28CFF0AE7BCFF61" bold="true" box="[708,766,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF9FBA2DE28CFF0AE7BCFF61" box="[708,766,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, from Station M, California, USA (dimensions in µm, except for the choanosomal and prostal diactin lengths, which are in mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE0D7FF7BE06BFBC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<table id="F978C41CFF9F45D6E0D7FF7AE01FFBC3" box="[159,1373,232,1039]" gridcols="5" gridrows="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FF7AE01FFF32" box="[159,1373,232,254]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FF7AE74EFF32" box="[159,524,232,254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">parameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FF7AE7B5FF32" box="[702,759,232,254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFF7AE6E1FF32" box="[887,931,232,254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFF7AE1E3FF32" box="[1058,1185,232,254]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">range</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FF7AE01FFF32" box="[1296,1373,232,254]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">number</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FE83E01FFEEB" box="[159,1373,273,295]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FE83E74EFEEB" box="[159,524,273,295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Megascleres</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FEA8E01FFE9C" box="[159,1373,314,336]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FEA8E74EFE9C" box="[159,524,314,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Hypoatrial hexactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FEF1E01FFEB6" box="[159,1373,355,378]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FEF1E74EFEB6" box="[159,524,355,378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FEF1E7B5FEB6" box="[702,759,355,378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">83.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFEF1E6E1FEB6" box="[887,931,355,378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">13.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFEF1E1E3FEB6" box="[1058,1185,355,378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">63.8–111.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FEF1E01FFEB6" box="[1296,1373,355,378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FE1FE01FFE6F" box="[159,1373,397,419]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FE1FE74EFE6F" box="[159,524,397,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FE1FE7B5FE6F" box="[702,759,397,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFE1FE6E1FE6F" box="[887,931,397,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFE1FE1E3FE6F" box="[1058,1185,397,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">3.6–8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FE1FE01FFE6F" box="[1296,1373,397,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FE24E01FFE00" box="[159,1373,438,460]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FE24E74EFE00" box="[159,524,438,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Hypodermal pentactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FE72E01FFE3A" box="[159,1373,480,502]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FE72E74EFE3A" box="[159,524,480,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FE72E7B5FE3A" box="[702,759,480,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">304.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFE72E6E1FE3A" box="[887,931,480,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">46.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFE72E1E3FE3A" box="[1058,1185,480,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">173.7–383.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FE72E01FFE3A" box="[1296,1373,480,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FD9BE01FFDD3" box="[159,1373,521,543]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FD9BE74EFDD3" box="[159,524,521,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FD9BE7B5FDD3" box="[702,759,521,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">18.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFD9BE6E1FDD3" box="[887,931,521,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFD9BE1E3FDD3" box="[1058,1185,521,543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">6.2–26.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FD9BE01FFDD3" box="[1296,1373,521,543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FDA0E01FFD84" box="[159,1373,562,584]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FDA0E74EFD84" box="[159,524,562,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FDA0E7B5FD84" box="[702,759,562,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">449.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFDA0E6E1FD84" box="[887,931,562,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">74.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFDA0E1E3FD84" box="[1058,1185,562,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">335.2–792.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FDA0E01FFD84" box="[1296,1373,562,584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FDC9E01FFDBE" box="[159,1373,603,626]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FDC9E74EFDBE" box="[159,524,603,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FDC9E7B5FDBE" box="[702,759,603,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">22.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFDC9E6E1FDBE" box="[887,931,603,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFDC9E1E3FDBE" box="[1058,1185,603,626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">10.0–36.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FDC9E01FFDBE" box="[1296,1373,603,626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FD17E01FFD57" box="[159,1373,645,667]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FD17E74EFD57" box="[159,524,645,667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Dermal and atrial stauractin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FD3CE01FFD08" box="[159,1373,686,708]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FD3CE74EFD08" box="[159,524,686,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FD3CE7B5FD08" box="[702,759,686,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">78.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFD3CE6E1FD08" box="[887,931,686,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">9.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFD3CE1E3FD08" box="[1058,1185,686,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">53.2–98.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FD3CE01FFD08" box="[1296,1373,686,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FD4AE01FFD22" box="[159,1373,728,750]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FD4AE74EFD22" box="[159,524,728,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FD4AE7B5FD22" box="[702,759,728,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFD4AE6E1FD22" box="[887,931,728,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFD4AE1E3FD22" box="[1058,1185,728,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">3.7–8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FD4AE01FFD22" box="[1296,1373,728,750]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FC93E01FFCD4" box="[159,1373,769,792]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FC93E74EFCD4" box="[159,524,769,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Choanosomal diactin length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FC93E7B5FCD4" box="[702,759,769,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFC93E6E1FCD4" box="[887,931,769,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFC93E1E3FCD4" box="[1058,1185,769,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">13–34</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FC93E01FFCD4" box="[1296,1373,769,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FCB8E01FFC8D" box="[159,1373,810,833]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FCB8E74EFC8D" box="[159,524,810,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Prostal diactin length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FCB8E7B5FC8D" box="[702,759,810,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">130.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFCB8E6E1FC8D" box="[887,931,810,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">39.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFCB8E1E3FC8D" box="[1058,1185,810,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">71–210</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FCB8E01FFC8D" box="[1296,1373,810,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FCC1E01FFCA5" box="[159,1373,851,873]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FCC1E74EFCA5" box="[159,524,851,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Microscleres</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FCEFE01FFC5F" box="[159,1373,893,915]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FCEFE74EFC5F" box="[159,524,893,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Oxyhemihexaster</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FC34E01FFC70" box="[159,1373,934,956]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FC34E74EFC70" box="[159,524,934,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FC34E7B5FC70" box="[702,759,934,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">120.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFC34E6E1FC70" box="[887,931,934,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFC34E1E3FC70" box="[1058,1185,934,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">82.1–151.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FC34E01FFC70" box="[1296,1373,934,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FC42E01FFC2A" box="[159,1373,976,998]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FC42E74EFC2A" box="[159,524,976,998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">primary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FC42E7B5FC2A" box="[702,759,976,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFC42E6E1FC2A" box="[887,931,976,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFC42E1E3FC2A" box="[1058,1185,976,998]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">4.3–13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FC42E01FFC2A" box="[1296,1373,976,998]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9F45D6E0D7FC6BE01FFBC3" box="[159,1373,1017,1039]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9F45D6E0D7FC6BE74EFBC3" box="[159,524,1017,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">secondary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E2F6FC6BE7B5FBC3" box="[702,759,1017,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">56.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E33FFC6BE6E1FBC3" box="[887,931,1017,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E46AFC6BE1E3FBC3" box="[1058,1185,1017,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">33.6–77.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9F45D6E558FC6BE01FFBC3" box="[1296,1373,1017,1039]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9FBA2DE08FFBC1E5ADFB14" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE08FFBC1E5ADFB14" blockId="4.[151,1436,1107,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE08FFBC1E77AFBA0" bold="true" box="[199,568,1107,1132]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Description of other material.</emphasis>
|
||
Whole
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9FBA2DE2D1FBC7E646FBA1" box="[665,772,1109,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
collected using a remotely operated vehicle were easily recognizable in ROV video by the laterally protruding marginalia. The trawled
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9FBA2DE463FBEAE1CEFB5C" box="[1067,1164,1144,1168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
stored at SIO-BIC was broken and filled with mud from the collections, but spicule organization remained the same, with all spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9FBA2DE529FB0FE0DEFB79" box="[1377,1436,1181,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">types</typeStatus>
|
||
present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9FBA2DE08FFB76E738FA18" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE08FFB76E70EFAEC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1107,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE08FFB76E40CFB30" bold="true" box="[199,334,1252,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE27EFB76E7C4FB30" box="[566,646,1252,1276]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE27EFB76E7C4FB30" box="[566,646,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refers to the fringe of marginal spicules along the perimeter of the sponge, giving it a “hairy” appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE08FFAB9E738FA18" blockId="4.[151,1436,1107,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE08FFAB9E4CCFA88" bold="true" box="[199,398,1323,1348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Gene sequences.</emphasis>
|
||
Ribosomal DNA from 18S, 28S, and 16S, plus mitochondrial COI were amplified and sequenced from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9FBA2DE1C8FADDE4A0FAAB" box="[384,482,1359,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in two previously published molecular phylogenies (Dohrmann et al. 2009, 2012), where the species was identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE20BFAE6E786FA40" box="[579,708,1396,1420]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE20BFAE6E786FA40" box="[579,708,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.” DNA vouchers from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9FBA2DE46CFAE6E1C4FA40" box="[1060,1158,1396,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were deposited into the collection of G. Wörheide, voucher number GW5428. GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF9FBA2DE401FA05E186FA63" box="[1097,1220,1431,1455]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946114" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FM946114</accessionNumber>
|
||
(18S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF9FBA2DE551FA0BE0DEFA63" box="[1305,1436,1431,1456]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946117" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FM 946117</accessionNumber>
|
||
(28S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF9FBA2DE0ABFA2EE41DFA18" box="[227,351,1468,1492]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946102" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FM946102</accessionNumber>
|
||
(16S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF9FBA2DE1FAFA2EE76AFA18" box="[434,552,1468,1492]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FR848925" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FR848925</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9FBA2CE08FFA4DE499FEA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2DE08FFA4DE130F98D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1107,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE08FFA4DE42EFA34" bold="true" box="[199,364,1503,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
To our knowledge, this species has not been found elsewhere in the world. The arrangement of spicules clearly identifies it as a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE2BDF996E634F9D0" box="[757,886,1540,1564]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE2BDF996E634F9D0" box="[757,886,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the plate-like gross morphology along with the layer of stauractine atrialia differentiates it from other species within the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9FBA2CE08FF9DEE499FEA8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1107,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
|
||
The new species differs from the six known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE31EF9DEE695F9A8" box="[854,983,1612,1636]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE31EF9DEE695F9A8" box="[854,983,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and four sub-species) by a variety of characters. The unique gross morphology does lend itself as a character for species identification, but should not be considered reliable because sponges can change morphology based on surrounding conditions (Palumbi 1984).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE0DFF92AE431F91C" box="[151,371,1720,1744]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE0DFF92AE431F91C" box="[151,371,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a layer of atrial stauractins that is only otherwise found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE410F92AE590F938" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="uncifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE410F92AE071F91C" box="[1112,1331,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus uncifer</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all other members of the genus have atrial hexactins.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE373F94EE156F938" box="[827,1044,1756,1780]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="uncifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE373F94EE156F938" box="[827,1044,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus uncifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has pentactins in the atrial surface along with the stauractins, plus it has thus far only been found in the equatorial Pacific near the Galapagos Islands (Schulze 1899).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE106F8B6E766F8F0" box="[334,548,1828,1852]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="uncifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE106F8B6E766F8F0" box="[334,548,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus uncifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also contains hypodermal and hypoatrial stauractins, both of which are missing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE0FCF8DBE460F8AC" box="[180,290,1864,1888]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE0FCF8DBE460F8AC" box="[180,290,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While atrial stauractins easily differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE35BF8DBE6C1F8AC" box="[787,899,1864,1888]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE35BF8DBE6C1F8AC" box="[787,899,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the rest of its congeners, other differences exist.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE095F8FEE4E8F848" box="[221,426,1900,1924]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE095F8FEE4E8F848" box="[221,426,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Bathydorus laevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its subspecies have hexactine atrialia with varying degrees of roughness (Schulze 1886, 1902; Wilson 1904, Koltun 1967), while all hexactins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE31CF803E681F864" box="[852,963,1936,1960]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE31CF803E681F864" box="[852,963,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniformly rugose. The atrial hexactins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9FBA2DE0F5F827E43DF800" box="[189,383,1973,1996]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9FBA2DE0F5F827E43DF800" box="[189,383,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">B. spinosissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble pinules, with large spines on the proximal ray directed toward the tip that progressively increase in size down the length of the ray (Lendenfeld 1915), which is very different from the cylindrical symmetric rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE1AEFF0BE716FF7C" box="[486,596,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE1AEFF0BE716FF7C" box="[486,596,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE2D4FF0BE652FF7C" box="[668,784,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE2D4FF0BE64EFF7C" box="[668,780,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">B. laniger</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the dermal surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE442FF0AE0C0FF63" authority="Koltun, 1967" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1967" box="[1034,1410,151,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE442FF0AE1AAFF7C" box="[1034,1256,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Bathydorus echinus</emphasis>
|
||
Koltun, 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is composed of dermal stauractins, but contains pentactins and hexactins as well (Koltun 1967). Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE568FF2FE474FF3B" authority="Topsent, 1928" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="servatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE568FF2FE0DEFF18" box="[1312,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">B. servatus</emphasis>
|
||
Topsent, 1928
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dermal stauractins as well as diactins (Topsent 1928).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE384FF72E02DFF3B" authority="Schulze, 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" box="[972,1391,223,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE384FF72E18AFF34" box="[972,1224,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Bathydorus fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only stauractins in its dermal surface, but the hexactins in its atrial surface are not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE4D2FE97E5A8FEF3" authority="(Tabachnick 2002b)" baseAuthorityName="Tabachnick" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE4D2FE97E049FED0" box="[1178,1291,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
(Tabachnick 2002b)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In view of these differences, we conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE359FEBBE6C1FE8C" box="[785,899,296,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE359FEBBE6C1FE8C" box="[785,899,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">B. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a new species, bringing the total number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9EBA2CE0DFFEDEE45AFEA8" box="[151,280,332,356]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9EBA2CE0DFFEDEE45AFEA8" box="[151,280,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">Bathydorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to seven.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |