246 lines
29 KiB
XML
246 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0F9D39972909397F952076B74BD17AC5">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 11. Passeriformes: Parulidae, Drepanididae, Vireonidae, Icteridae, Fringillinae, Carduelinae, Estrildidae, And Viduinae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2B4687A09E4BFF9CFF7D700AFCB7179B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4627640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180662517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4627640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E4BFF9CFF7D700AFCB7179B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B4687A09E4BFF9CFF7D700AFCB7179B" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E4BFF83FF7D700AFDC91268" box="[206,575,1038,1061]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FF7D700AFDC91268" blockId="79.[206,575,1038,1061]" box="[206,575,1038,1061]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="F81881DA9E4BFF83FF7D700AFDC91268" box="[206,575,1038,1061]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" reason="4">
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[
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FF66700AFDCF1268" authority="C. L. Brehm" authorityName="C. L. Brehm" box="[213,569,1038,1061]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FF66700AFE551268" box="[213,419,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Crucirostra minor</emphasis>
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C.L. Brehm
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E4BFF83FF2E7027FE411287" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FF2E7027FE411287" blockId="79.[128,654,1085,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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The following two specimens in AMNH are marked ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FE957041FE0E123C" box="[294,504,1115,1137]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FE957041FE0E123C" box="[294,504,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Crucirostra minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’’ by Brehm and were thought to be possible
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FDBB7063FD9D12C3" box="[520,619,1145,1166]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of the name by ‘‘ARP[hillips].’’ The labels bear the following information:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E4BFF83FF2E70C8FCC0174A" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FF2E70C8FED11060" blockId="79.[128,654,1085,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E4BFF83FF2E70C8FE4F136E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059738528" collectingDate="1833-01-10" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="AMNH 457078" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E4BFF83FF2E70C8FEA012A5" box="[157,342,1234,1256]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">AMNH 457078</specimenCode>
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: Brehm label: ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FDB770C8FEFC1348" authority="Brm." authorityName="Brm." class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Crucirostra minor Brm.</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="B5E9FD3F9E4BFF83FEA170F6FED1134B" box="[274,295,1260,1286]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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hieme [Latin, ‘‘in winter’’],
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<date id="D75110769E4BFF83FDC170EAFF0C136F" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" value="1833-01-10">
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<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E4BFF83FDC170EAFF0C136F" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" value="1833-01-10">10 Jan. 1833</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Nordamerika’
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</materialsCitation>
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’; on the reverse: ‘‘Nr. 12. kleiner Körper, schlanker Schnabel.’’ (I much appreciate S. Frahnert’s deciphering Brehm’s annotation.). On the reverse of the Rothschild label: ‘‘minor 5 ‘sitkensis’;
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<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E4BFF83FEB671BBFED11060" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059739086" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="U. Minn. Bell & This" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1">
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a cotype (?) ARP ’71.’’ On the reverse of the
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<collectionCode id="C5FEAE739E4BFF83FE8A71A5FE601399" box="[313,406,1471,1492]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">AMNH</collectionCode>
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FE1671A5FE211399" box="[421,471,1471,1492]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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label: ‘‘A fair match for
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<collectorName id="0E1A53609E4BFF83FEB771C6FE4613BF" box="[260,432,1500,1522]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">U. Minn. Bell</collectorName>
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M.N.H. 16637 & 17651 ARP ’76.’’
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<collectorName id="0E1A53609E4BFF83FEC971E3FE5B1042" box="[378,429,1529,1551]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">This</collectorName>
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is also initialed ‘‘J.F[arrand].’’
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FF2E722CFCC0174A" blockId="79.[128,654,1085,1759]" lastBlockId="79.[701,1228,211,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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AMNH 457079: Brehm label: ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FDB7722FFEFA1025" authority=", Brm." authorityName="Brm." class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Crucirostra minor, Brm.</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="B5E9FD3F9E4BFF83FEA1724AFED11027" box="[274,295,1616,1642]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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alt. [abbreviation for ‘‘adultus’’ in Latin] Mai, 1842, Nordamerika. Marked ‘‘5 ‘sitkensis’ ARP ’71.’’ The reverse of this label and of the
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FEB672B6FEC0108C" box="[261,310,1708,1729]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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label is blank. On the Rothschild label: ‘‘[the tiny dark N.-mid-Continent race] ARP ’75.’’ ‘‘minor 5 ‘sitkensis’ cotype (?) ARP ’71.’’
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E4BFF9CFD68750AFB941730" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FD68750AFC3217BF" blockId="79.[701,1228,211,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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These two specimens are the only two Brehm specimens labeled
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FC5F7534FBD8170E" box="[1004,1070,302,323]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FC5F7534FBD8170E" box="[1004,1070,302,323]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. They were not listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FC207572FBCD1733" author="Hartert, E." box="[915,1083,360,382]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="4 - 63" refId="ref118974" refString="Hartert, E. 1918. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. A. Types in the Brehm Collection. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 4 - 63." type="journal article" year="1918">Hartert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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in his list of Brehm types. The AMNH type labels were apparently added at the time of Phillips’ studies, and investigation shows that they are not
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FD5D75C7FCA717BF" box="[750,849,477,498]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FCC875C4FC4B17BE" box="[891,957,478,499]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FCC875C4FC4B17BE" box="[891,957,478,499]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF83FD6875E1FCAB1025" blockId="79.[701,1228,211,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FC3975E1FB3E145C" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[906,1224,507,529]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" refId="ref119675" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. 1938. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Ploceidae - Catamblyrhynchidae - Fringillidae. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 430, Zoological Series, vol. 13, Part 11, vi + 662 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hellmayr (1938: 302–303)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FD0E7603FC601463" box="[701,918,537,558]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FD0E7603FC601463" box="[701,918,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Crucirostra minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was named by Brehm (1846: 532) based on a Lichtenstein manuscript name (so stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FC5E7649FB491424" author="Brehm" box="[1005,1215,595,617]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm, 1853: 193</bibRefCitation>
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). Brehm (1846) reported on his trip to North America, and his description on page 532 is the following: ‘‘Im Januar [1846] schoss ich 2 männliche und 1 weiblichen Kreuzschnabel; die Männchen sind schön roth und scheinen von den deutschen nicht verschieden zu sein. Diese Kreuzschnäbel haben keine weissen Binden.’’ He added in a footnote: ‘‘So urtheilte unser Freund, welcher die deutschen nicht zur Vergleichung hatte, denn die amerikanischen sind viel kleiner als die deutschen und heissen deswegen
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FBFA77A8FD0915A8" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FBFA77A8FD0915A8" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Crucirostra minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.’’ I think that ‘‘unser Freund’’ refers to Brehm’s host during his stay in North America who was not mentioned by name and that the statement that the North American form did not differ from the European one was the friend’s opinion; the footnote then reflects Brehm’s realization that it did differ. It is apparent that, according to the dates on AMNH 457078 and 457079, neither can be among the three specimens collected by Brehm in North America in 1846 and referred to when he named the form (Brehm, 1846: 532). Furthermore, there is nothing on Brehm’s labels of the two specimens in AMNH to indicate that they came from Lichtenstein. Lacking that connection, they are not considered part of Brehm’s
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FCF871DBFC8B139B" box="[843,893,1473,1494]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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series. The three specimens collected by Brehm in North America in 1846 and any specimens that may have been considered ’’
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FCE87203FC6B1063" box="[859,925,1561,1582]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FCE87203FC6B1063" box="[859,925,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’’ by Lichtenstein comprised Brehm’s
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<typeStatus id="7C5488149E4BFF83FCC6722CFC511006" box="[885,935,1590,1611]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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series, but none of these is in AMNH.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E4BFF9CFD68726BFF101442" blockId="79.[701,1228,211,1759]" lastBlockId="80.[93,620,213,1759]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FD68726BFBEB10CA" author="Stresemann, E." box="[731,1053,1649,1671]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="41 - 42" refId="ref128908" refString="Stresemann, E. 1922. Der Name des Kreuzschnabels der amerikanischen Oststaaten. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 (2): 41 - 42." type="journal article" year="1922">Stresemann (1922: 41–42)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FB807268FC8B10E9" author="van Rossem, A. J." pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref129758" refString="van Rossem, A. J. 1934. Notes on some types of North American birds. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 347 - 362, pl. 27." type="journal article" year="1934">van Rossem (1934: 358–359)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E4BFF83FC747295FD06108F" author="Hellmayr, C. E." pageId="79" pageNumber="79" refId="ref119675" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. 1938. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Ploceidae - Catamblyrhynchidae - Fringillidae. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 430, Zoological Series, vol. 13, Part 11, vi + 662 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hellmayr (1938: 302– 303)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FCC772B7FB9A108F" authority="Gloger" authorityName="Gloger" box="[884,1132,1707,1730]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FCC772B7FBF9108F" box="[884,1039,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Loxia pusilla</emphasis>
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Gloger
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E4BFF83FB0372B6FCAE1092" authority="Brehm" authorityName="Brehm" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E4BFF83FB0372B6FD091092" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">C. minor</emphasis>
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Brehm
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in relation to the whereabouts of the types and which populations the names represented.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFF4F74E8FDE31745" author="Stresemann, E." box="[252,533,242,264]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="41 - 42" refId="ref128908" refString="Stresemann, E. 1922. Der Name des Kreuzschnabels der amerikanischen Oststaaten. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 30 (2): 41 - 42." type="journal article" year="1922">Stresemann (1922: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
determined that the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFEDC750AFE2C176B" box="[367,474,271,294]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFEDC750AFE2C176B" box="[367,474,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">L. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is No.
|
||
<quantity id="64179B539E54FF9CFD877515FF82170E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.773936" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" unit="in" value="6984.0">6984 in</quantity>
|
||
ZMB, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFEBD7537FD9D170F" author="van Rossem, A. J." box="[270,619,300,322]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref129758" refString="van Rossem, A. J. 1934. Notes on some types of North American birds. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 347 - 362, pl. 27." type="journal article" year="1934">van Rossem (1934: 358–359)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated ZMB 6982 as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E54FF9CFE087550FDD2172D" box="[443,548,330,352]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFDE37550FE5B1730" authority="Brehm. Van Rossem" authorityName="Brehm. Van Rossem" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFDE37550FF691730" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">C. minor</emphasis>
|
||
Brehm. Van Rossem
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was convinced that at least two of the specimens that Lichtenstein had called ‘‘minor’’ were in ZMB, although he does not cite evidence that Lichtenstein had ever used the name on a specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A35036B69E54FF9CFFC97602FEC71332" blockId="80.[93,620,213,1759]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFFC97602FE971463" author="Brehm" box="[122,353,536,558]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm (1853: 193)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFE5E7602FDD91460" box="[493,559,536,557]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFE5E7602FDD91460" box="[493,559,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and illustrated its head as figure 12 on the plate opposite page 182. AMNH 457078 is the specimen figured there, and the number 12 appears on the reverse of Brehm’s label. Others of the Brehm specimens in AMNH also bear numbers that correspond to the numbers of the figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFE1376FFFDCB14B7" author="Brehm" box="[416,573,740,763]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm (1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. opp. p. 182). This is contra
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFE667718FF291578" author="van Rossem, A. J." pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref129758" refString="van Rossem, A. J. 1934. Notes on some types of North American birds. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 347 - 362, pl. 27." type="journal article" year="1934">van Rossem (1934: 359</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 27), who thought that one might ‘‘infer’’ that Brehm had picked a very small male as a model for his illustration of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFF447762FECF15C0" box="[247,313,888,909]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFF447762FECF15C0" box="[247,313,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He surmised that ZMB 6982 matched the specimen figured as no.
|
||
<quantity id="64179B539E54FF9CFDE3778EFF821585" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFFC877A8FEE5158A" author="Brehm" box="[123,275,945,968]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm (1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate opp. p. 182) and added further: ‘‘The illustration, which accompanies [Brehm’s] revision of the crossbills in ‘Naumannia’ for 1853, so accurately depicts the bill of [ZMB] number 6982 that in all likelihood it was taken from that specimen. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFF1E7078FF19123A" box="[173,239,1122,1143]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFF1E7078FF19123A" box="[173,239,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Lichtenstein manuscript name the basis must have been
|
||
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E54FF9CFD967064FD9A12D9" box="[549,620,1150,1172]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
Museum specimens, and since Dr. Stresemann’s action has eliminated the two larger birds from consideration, and since Brehm’s figure matches exactly one of the smaller ones, it seems proper to designate adult male number 6982 as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E54FF9CFEE37135FE731309" box="[336,389,1327,1348]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. It was collected in ‘Nord-America’ by Schumann, but further data are lacking.’’
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A35036B69E54FF9CFFC97192FDB51092" blockId="80.[93,620,213,1759]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
ZMB 6982 has been dismounted and now has a label with information added to it later by Stresemann. It was collected on the ‘‘Black
|
||
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E54FF9CFFEE71C5FF6B13B8" box="[93,157,1503,1525]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
50 engl. Meilen oberhalb seiner Mündung in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E54FF9CFF6671E6FEB0105F" box="[213,326,1532,1554]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Jan/
|
||
<date id="D75110769E54FF9CFE3C71E6FDF9105C" box="[399,527,1532,1553]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" value="1834-03">Mar 1834</date>
|
||
. Franz Schumann & Albert Koch.’’ Schumann collected with Albert Koch and his brother roughly between 1832 and
|
||
<quantity id="64179B539E54FF9CFE04724EFDE21027" box="[439,532,1620,1642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6609" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" unit="in" value="1835.0">1835 in</quantity>
|
||
North America. There is nothing to connect this specimen with Lichtenstein either on the label or in Lichtenstein’s published catalogs of 1823 or 1854 (S. Frahnert, personal commun.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A35036B69E54FF9CFD0B74CFFB941730" blockId="80.[667,1194,213,470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The result of the above investigation is that, while it is not the specimen illustrated by Brehm as
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFD0F750AFCF01768" box="[700,774,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFD0F750AFCF41768" box="[700,770,272,293]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E54FF9CFC8C7515FC701768" box="[831,902,271,293]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E54FF9CFC237515FC0F1768" box="[912,1017,271,293]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFB95750AFD2B170F" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFB95750AFD2B170F" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Crucirostra minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is old enough to have been seen by Lichtenstein, as is the second
|
||
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E54FF9CFC427550FBCE172D" box="[1009,1080,330,352]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFCF07572FBA81730" author="van Rossem, A. J." box="[835,1118,359,381]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref129758" refString="van Rossem, A. J. 1934. Notes on some types of North American birds. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 7: 347 - 362, pl. 27." type="journal article" year="1934">van Rossem (1934: 359)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E54FF9CFD0B759FFCB7179B" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="A35036B69E54FF9CFD0B759FFCB7179B" blockId="80.[667,1194,213,470]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E54FF9CFD0B759FFC4C17D6" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[696,954,389,411]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref116121" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world, 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003: 756)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Clement (2010: 601) recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E54FF9CFCFE75B9FCCB179B" ID-CoL="7JZ4X" authority="(C. L. Brehm, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Brehm" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="curvirostra" subSpecies="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E54FF9CFCFE75B9FB9717F5" box="[845,1121,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Loxia curvirostra minor</emphasis>
|
||
(C.L. Brehm, 1846)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |