244 lines
29 KiB
XML
244 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="275942" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e107579" ID-GBIF-Dataset="742ed870-c756-4a81-8324-e95c9808643a" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-81-819" ID-Pensoft-UUID="70148F72D847500A930DA76D2196759A" ID-ZooBank="50EE94AAD90A43E1B54E4FADE22F4668" ModsDocID="1864-8312-81-819" checkinTime="1698951166303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ge, Si-Xun, Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Ren, Li-Li, van Achterberg, Cornelis & Tan, Jiang-Li" docDate="2023" docId="B5CB91C7698557DAB900FAC5BBD1B7C1" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 81: 819-844" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81" docPubDate="2023-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e107579" docTitle="Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="70148F72D847500A930DA76D2196759A" lastPageNumber="819" masterDocId="70148F72D847500A930DA76D2196759A" masterDocTitle="New insights into the phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita), with a revision of the fossil species" masterLastPageNumber="844" masterPageNumber="819" pageNumber="819" updateTime="1698998894021" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CAC65B8AED7526D980E007C2DE8BD444">New insights into the phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita), with a revision of the fossil species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4B67C048E4FA7A99B57691CF0ABBE5A">Ge, Si-Xun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C7188F44124283ADAC5253586FB3564">College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C292B940E88DD0B41106466A96C351DF">Jiang, Zhuo-Heng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="042C68C2B5B591586E49155703C5B95D">School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="402EBF7FE9CDA24C134E085BCC48632D">Ren, Li-Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="488D55FD0EC211C6275C28AF9A90E9C7">College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="67D4DB1711A94CCB4E893727ACA0C7EB" type="email">lily_ren@bjfu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0C32DF43BD98D51680D6195658C30EF6">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C16EB4C8851C896EF310DE87BF0B066" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E400493E5CD3F6148D25391496E0A02">Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710069, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D504F6E4781B180F9709D99BCA0E7D8" type="email">kees@vanachterberg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ECC5D3EED66B90F50C7402BB941CB9EB">Tan, Jiang-Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="248575DCC2746DD0FFE0658F7DF22645">Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710069, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABA7860247EEA83042633B4E9D3A0481" type="email">tanjiangli@sina.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="01C0501317E93C752A4038B3AD4491C3">Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="493B8862D5EE7DCA57B119490F40A93F">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B5CB91C7698557DAB900FAC5BBD1B7C1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="216248480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5CB91C7698557DAB900FAC5BBD1B7C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5CB91C7698557DAB900FAC5BBD1B7C1" lastPageNumber="819" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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<paragraph id="968CE485C70ED74CC3FB848A056E7B48" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="D5D8D508268FE5BB026B0A8604137DA4" LSID="B5CB91C7-6985-57DA-B900-FAC5BBD1B7C1" authority="Brues, 1933" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C06141EBB590BBF275A0295DAD38695B" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6538C86E4A2EAF1A6427AB3AFFE1BD4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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<figureCitation id="E0572F6D2956552C236B4E6AF112DDC4" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀. A Head and mesosoma, anterior-oblique view. B Wings. C Tergite I. D Ovipositor sheath. E Hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925971" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Figures 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D692057D6E718151FB266022349EFFE6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀. A Head, anterior-oblique view. B Wings. C Metasoma as preserved. D Hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925972" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B028336A36874EF8767ED90371262897" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of neotype ♀. Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. A Photo of specimen. B Line drawing of habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925973" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">, 13</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28AD6CFC331B0FAD186F0C0D67546936" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="03BA695A36ED0FE79797067E575E07A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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<taxonomicName id="FC39734791D69F52C938DE22A7380560" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Electrostephanus brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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†
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<taxonomicName id="627D88828F9B293ADE02C1E801075F71" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Electrostephanus brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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Brues, 1933:14 [holotype male, deposited in
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<normalizedToken id="5A70101FA6A934B58558D69B6382334B" originalValue="Königsberg">Koenigsberg</normalizedToken>
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Collection and presumed to be destroyed];
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<bibRefCitation id="DE00A70A000299E22DC2C52CDC667F73" author="Aguiar, AP" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="443 - 452" refId="B1" refString="Aguiar, AP, Janzen, JW, 1999. An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues. Entomologica Scandinavica 30: 443 - 452" title="An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues." volume="30" year="1999">Aguiar and Janzen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 444-451 [keyed and discussed];
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3932E79CBDA7E22EB15D6E6BFC94E1" author="van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="1 - 206" refId="B55" refString="van Achterberg, C, 2002. A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 339: 1 - 206" title="A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea)." volume="339" year="2002">van Achterberg, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
:11 [mentioned]; Aguiar, 2004:14 [catalog]; Engel, 2005:320 [discussed]; Engel and Ortega-Blanco, 2008:62 [keyed];
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<bibRefCitation id="4C57D01A707EFC1210B88022E2D46EB4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12202" author="Li, LF" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="194 - 203" refId="B39" refString="Li, LF, Rasnitsyn, AP, Labandeira, CC, Shih, C, Ren, D, 2017. Phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) with a new genus from Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Systematic Entomology 42: 194 - 203, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12202" title="Phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) with a new genus from Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12202" volume="42" year="2017">Li et al., (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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:196 [listed].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DDD6B4748ED45AB0B053707633FC5DEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="1862646745E99D959E1A4B9665030152" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50F9D4FEC77AFE6507DC4F3772C661AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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Neotype (designated here) ♀; BFU, Baltic amber; Eocene. Labeled as "Neotype: †
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<taxonomicName id="0C387EEECC5D07E94CD6253EED9CFE8C" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="01EF426E1B2C130EE9086B7248AFA2B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Electrostephanus brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brues designator: Ge and Tan." Part of the Si-Xun Ge collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1091C94CAD88193090DBAC907116902C" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8EDD7F2AF81B5885A4D7E804BCDBBFBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F9469322C0F611066E19D55F0A0486F" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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Forewing with vein R and vein A with setae at least along basal half of their length; vein r-rs distinctly shorter than 2-Rs (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="87A0963165F94540D626F28B78671ED7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀. A Head, anterior-oblique view. B Wings. C Metasoma as preserved. D Hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925972" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">12B</figureCitation>
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); vein 2-Rs with its sub-median part slightly angled; vein 2Rs+M extremely short, slightly incision at the origin of veins 2-Rs and apical abscissa of vein M; vein 2Cub present. Metasoma tergum I and sternum I not fused (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="3F40528AFE4F3868C63BED3FD15A2DA5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀. A Head and mesosoma, anterior-oblique view. B Wings. C Tergite I. D Ovipositor sheath. E Hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925971" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">11C</figureCitation>
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; Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A127C584B060C21D67E400B6C9E00FAC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Details of Electrostephanus brevicornis Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀. A Head, anterior-oblique view. B Wings. C Metasoma as preserved. D Hind leg." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925972" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">12C</figureCitation>
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). Tergite I about as long as Tergite II. Hind coxa strong, largely smooth and spindle shaped without striate. Hind femur tridentate; hind tarsus with five tarsomeres.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D9F6A5C4B179C6F1E613B11CA7F1C165" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925971" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="59872CB90FD793084382650778979BD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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<emphasis id="514783C490044F17E022D2BB9C89D65F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="22450D204D0DB609FF61F5FCD6B776BE" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="28BEA358A273D71B9C0808DD0C8A44B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Electrostephanus brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀.
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||
<emphasis id="1D3556FA6008943D9D8B1D30C705F988" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">A</emphasis>
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Head and mesosoma, anterior-oblique view.
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||
<emphasis id="7D680DDDB167E2F90B8C76E0D750E227" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">B</emphasis>
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Wings.
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<emphasis id="7243668153AA9F3E2DE52D3687B5A7F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">C</emphasis>
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Tergite I.
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<emphasis id="A32BC8ED233DA5596C41C1891376E03E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">D</emphasis>
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Ovipositor sheath.
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<emphasis id="68A43CAFD5AF3B2227B7E436B156C642" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">E</emphasis>
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Hind leg.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="00D643B55756C8FC5ECBD4B08D2277D0" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925972" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph id="F325846063390F4DFAA7761A821D3C59" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
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<emphasis id="5C687C8B345A498733C3CADF83DF5051" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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Details of
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<taxonomicName id="2C2A534E352E9BCEC8F15EA4B714AA58" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="C15204ABE24539D5E694E9D955F3D6B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Electrostephanus brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brues, 1933. Neotype ♀.
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<emphasis id="FC516E098F679F5711B2D0061F50DD79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">A</emphasis>
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Head, anterior-oblique view.
|
||
<emphasis id="36874AB7BAF310644D4561E79C378647" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">B</emphasis>
|
||
Wings.
|
||
<emphasis id="7BE3D81CEB65396476496E405CA23C4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">C</emphasis>
|
||
Metasoma as preserved.
|
||
<emphasis id="D5D91AA1B063CB908E7E6104ECDE707C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">D</emphasis>
|
||
Hind leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="592506C36AE79D258FE4D4419678E429" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3882D539EED84E1531F56975C694ADA" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="568B6282C4057CAE93B8380742AAC566" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
|
||
Female. Total body length (from head anterior to metasoma distal margin, without ovipositor sheath) 6.5 mm; forewing length 4.3 mm; remaining part of ovipositor sheath 2.9mm. -
|
||
<emphasis id="34627B1AE3C31482E76C762DED2D8611" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Antenna with 21 flagellomeres; the first flagellomere short and robust, and second flagellomere slender; Head globular, with compound eyes occupying about half portion of lateral surface; vertex with five tubercles; temple slightly bulging, smooth and shiny; occipital carina distinctly developed but not connected to hypostomal carina; hypostomal carina large. Maxillary palpus 5-segmented, elongate, elbowed between MP II (the second maxillary palpomere) and MP III. -
|
||
<emphasis id="466270AF813795C624062A445296787F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum robust with neck distinctly differentiated; neck at almost same level than middle part of pronotum postero-dorsally; middle and posterior part of pronotum with transverse carinae (as laterally) and with distinct oblique lateral groove; middle part of pronotum weakly differentiated from posterior part; posterior part of pronotum and mesonotum with sparse setosity; propleuron coriaceous; scutellum invisible. -
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA0DABDB8E836CADD960C87B73A7BB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing with vein 1-M distinctly curved, 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2ADD527B102B8B31598CA076BFD12B93" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as vein 1-Rs and 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB8740E5A85A1BD391E9E81F2F8E3629" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 1m-cu; vein R with setae along all its length, while vein A only on the basal half; Four short, erect, equidistant spiny setae distinctly developed on the basal part of vein 1Cu; vein 2-Rs 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="05F978C0D19977AD7E655B619D26BFC4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as vein r-rs; vein r-rs ends inner side of pterostigma behind the level of apex of pterostigma; parastigmal vein (pv) elongated, ca 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="959C828EE05EF1FA30E0D2BCE0103ACA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as pterostigma; vein 2-Rs with its sub-median part slightly upcurve angled; vein 2Rs+M extremely short 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A4D79CC6CD0814BB7CB3894C2AF38CF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as vein 2-Rs, slightly incision at the origin of veins 2-Rs and apical abscissa of vein M; vein 2Cua distinct and curved apically with 2Cub distinctly developed. -
|
||
<emphasis id="1896AFE444F7650C5CFCB9D56550979D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Hind coxa robust, smooth and shiny, spindle shaped without transversely striate; hind femur coriaceous, fusiform with its widest part near mid-point; ventral surface of hind femur with its basal tooth relatively small and blunt, a more acute triangular tooth developed near mid-length, and a widest tooth at the distal part; ca. four minor teeth or protuberances between medial tooth and distal tooth; hind tibia elongate and 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D87DE102B2E295A98F9D8D65844F9A88" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than hind femur, with its basal narrow part 1.15
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F934E6C2E413F7A831205222524B6D77" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as apical widened part, inner side of widened part basally shallowly depressed; hind tarsus with five tarsomeres; basitarsus 6.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="196104619DF568C8B010D320ACB22A3C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. -
|
||
<emphasis id="D702AFD115717C63AD0969A19F409A72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergite I finely imbricate, 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="621B7C582CF4BC9D8BC8FF1F22FDB9AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as its widest part, with tergum I and sternum I not fused; tergite I at least 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5A24389FF09C98C8A0F8F4E15A18210" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as tergite II. Remainder of metasoma largely not preserved; pygidial area distinctly protruding apically. Basal half of ovipositor sheath missing, remaining parts of ovipositor sheath ca 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="975D4DECAE58DF2DB2384667319BC163" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as metasoma. Ovipositor tip laterally compressed, without distinct teeth apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1F52AB7978E4385622BFAB97198DB684" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D421EA865CDCC22136A9589E1C20AED" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B923324516DD54641988383F8597DFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
|
||
The holotype of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6290E3994F00290C31405C29B189AFB9" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F452CF25144B91E8342D100B8DF2F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Electrostephanus brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brues, 1933, has been lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E2CAE6F6CDBD3769C4F64CFB127FDBE" author="Aguiar, AP" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="443 - 452" refId="B1" refString="Aguiar, AP, Janzen, JW, 1999. An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues. Entomologica Scandinavica 30: 443 - 452" title="An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues." volume="30" year="1999">Aguiar and Janzen 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Engel 2008). Since there are few figures for this species to date, the only basis of species designation is the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1B546523498B6C68D0943EDE391AF43" author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="4 - 178" refId="B10" refString="Brues, CT, 1933. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber. Part 1. Bernstein Forschungen 3: 4 - 178" title="The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber. Part 1." volume="3" year="1933">Brues (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our neotype fits well with the original description except for a few characteristics as follows: 1) in the original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB5793BF5AA88F59F54E1A1341C7FFDB" author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="4 - 178" refId="B10" refString="Brues, CT, 1933. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber. Part 1. Bernstein Forschungen 3: 4 - 178" title="The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber. Part 1." volume="3" year="1933">Brues (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the vein 2Rs+M (= Rs+Mb) is absent and there is no incision at the origin of vein 2+3Rs (= 2-Rs) and/or 2+3M (= M), while in the neotype, an extremely short vein 2Rs+M (= Rs+Mb) and slight incision between the origin of veins 2-Rs and apical abscissa of vein M; 2) in the original description, the veins 2Cua and 2Cub are absent while in the neotype they are distinctly developed. However, we noticed that researchers may differ in describing the same characteristic. For instance, when the vein 2Rs+M (= Rs+Mb) is relatively short, it has often been considered absent, even in the original description of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91B51918EBAB51D009C78531E114DFD5" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Protostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protostephanus ashmeadi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAE0B41FF53E23BF1FA6D8DF4AF379D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Protostephanus ashmeadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1906.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17F7BD64E96864007AA9A090D08E70B3" author="Aguiar, AP" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" pagination="443 - 452" refId="B1" refString="Aguiar, AP, Janzen, JW, 1999. An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues. Entomologica Scandinavica 30: 443 - 452" title="An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues." volume="30" year="1999">Aguiar and Janzen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that Brues did not regularly differentiate between nebulous and tubular veins, and merely chose to indicate their presence or absence. Furthermore, there were inevitably few morphological differences between the sexes (the holotype was male and the neotype is female). The missing type specimen and superficial original description greatly impede the understanding of the phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD15B5F7705441025991A4DF2A983FE4" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stephanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, we ignore the subtle differences and designate this female as neotype of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAD36F8D81992F3387A7CF593BC4DAE6" lsidName="E. brevicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B44AB9FDCE40A56696ABB5D4A18C2A38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">E. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Brues, 1933).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D476771C541AC1CEB33706FFDA47A3C3" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e107579.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/925973" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph id="EACF05A7F6A518760016F0965F3E17D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="752A5A48E02C674BB2A7499A7FB509A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of neotype ♀.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF6196FFF786A77FB80A58B8DAD8D326" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Electrostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrostephanus brevicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C3422859B02883A480AB3C56C7119D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">Electrostephanus brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brues, 1933.
|
||
<emphasis id="EABD88F0943024A0A067090E9DDCEAC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">A</emphasis>
|
||
Photo of specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="BE487CD1BCFEE60C22ED29CEAAFC6E66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="819">B</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawing of habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |