328 lines
51 KiB
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328 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.9" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7059546" checkinTime="1662619886297" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vijver, Bart Van De & Wetzel, Carlos E." docDate="2022" docId="9C5A8799FFF6FFE5ECFFFAB8FECC08AA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.561.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 561 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="6063FFE1FFF6FFE6EC77FF9DFFB10951" masterDocTitle="A new Fragilaria Lyngbye species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a historic Grunow sample from the Attersee, Austria" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="210" pageNumber="210" updateTime="1662751922730" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new Fragilaria Lyngbye species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a historic Grunow sample from the Attersee, Austria</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5330-0494</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg & carlos. wetzel @ list. lu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5330 - 0494</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">carlos.wetzel@list.lu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>561</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>210</mods:start>
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<mods:end>214</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7059546</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5A8799FFF6FFE5ECFFFAB8FECC08AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5A8799FFF6FFE5ECFFFAB8FECC08AA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
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<subSubSection box="[136,1115,1317,1342]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1452,1282,2062]" box="[136,1115,1317,1342]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,1115,1317,1342]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
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<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel" authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,700,1317,1342]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,376,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fragilaria crocodylus</emphasis>
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Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[707,789,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[707,789,1318,1341]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[803,912,1318,1342]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–19" captionStartId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–19. Light micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 1–19</figureCitation>
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LM, 20–25 SEM)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="210" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1452,1282,2062]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
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Frustules rectangular in girdle view (
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<figureCitation box="[544,609,1354,1378]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–19" captionStartId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–19. Light micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), solitary although valves connected to each using small conical spines also observed (
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<figureCitation box="[247,327,1390,1414]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). Valves linear to weakly linear-lanceolate with almost parallel margins. Valves occasionally bent. Apices clearly protracted, typically capitate in longer valves (
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<figureCitation box="[723,836,1426,1450]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–19" captionStartId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–19. Light micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 2–19</figureCitation>
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). Smaller valves with more rostrate apices (
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<figureCitation box="[1313,1439,1426,1450]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–19" captionStartId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–19. Light micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
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). Continuous series of small, solid, conical spines, each located in a pit-like depression, present on the valve margin (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 20, 23–24</figureCitation>
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). At the apices, short series of spines present above the apical pore field (
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<figureCitation box="[1001,1081,1498,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Large mantle plaques present on the mantle edge (
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<figureCitation box="[317,440,1534,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 22, 25</figureCitation>
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). Valve dimensions (n=25): length 40–110 µm, width 2.5–3.0 µm. Sternum narrow but distinct, linear, very gradually widening towards the central area. Central area small, asymmetrical with a rectangular unilateral fascia on one side and slightly shortened striae on the opposite side (
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<figureCitation box="[904,987,1606,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Striae uniseriate, composed of relatively large, rimmed rounded areolae externally covered by individual vola (
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<figureCitation box="[882,961,1642,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Near the sternum, striae terminating in short shallow slits (
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<figureCitation box="[282,361,1678,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Mantle striae composed of 3–4 rounded areolae (
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<figureCitation box="[895,1020,1678,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
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). Apical pore field large, well, delimited, of ocellolimbus
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<typeStatus box="[309,358,1714,1738]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">type</typeStatus>
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, composed of up to 7 rows of small, squarish pores (
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<figureCitation box="[914,1038,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs 22, 23</figureCitation>
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). One rimoportula present, located in a fairly deep depression, transapically elongated (
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<figureCitation box="[646,776,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
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). Internally, rimoportula large, raised (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1187,1267,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–25" captionStartId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[241,1346,190,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 20–25. Scanning electron micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1452,1282,2062]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Due to the rarity of the species in the sample, the dominance of other needle-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1103,1300,1786,1810]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1103,1216,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the sample and the age of the sample (late 19
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[494,506,1820,1834]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">th</superScript>
|
||
century), we did not find any valves with girdle bands. Observations on the girdle bands were therefore not possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="210" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1452,1282,2062]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,281,1894,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Type:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1862-07" collectorName="Von Morl" country="Austria" county="Grunow" location="Attersee" municipality="Upper-Austria" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[281,400,1894,1918]" name="Austria" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">AUSTRIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5A8799FFF6FFE5ECFFFAB8FECC08AA:112C6054FFF6FFE6EDEFF8FBFE450E2F" box="[408,500,1894,1918]" country="Austria" county="Grunow" municipality="Upper-Austria" name="Attersee" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Attersee</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[510,666,1894,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Upper-Austria</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[677,764,1894,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Grunow</collectingCounty>
|
||
sample 2646 (acc. number W0127051), coll. date
|
||
<date box="[1302,1401,1894,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" value="1862-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1302,1401,1894,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" value="1862-07">VII.1862</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[136,240,1930,1954]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Von Mörl</collectorName>
|
||
(n°48) (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[332,427,1930,1954]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
slide BR-4736=
|
||
<figureCitation box="[615,681,1930,1954]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–19" captionStartId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[151,1435,188,1478]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–19. Light micrographs of Fragilaria crocodylus Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, isotype slide 2646a in W, W0164874). PhycoBank registration: http:// phycobank.org/103275
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="210" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1452,1282,2062]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,348,2002,2026]" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[583,699,2002,2026]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,699,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” refers to the continuous series of conical marginal spines and the 5 spines at the apices, resembling the teeth of a crocodile (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[740,856,2038,2062]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="210" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[740,856,2038,2062]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="210">crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7059548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059548/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" startId="1.[136,248,1504,1526]" targetBox="[151,1435,188,1478]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,1504,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,309,1504,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">FIGURES 1–19.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel" authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[527,1018,1505,1527]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,739,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Fragilaria crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1098,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1024,1098,1505,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
LM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 1. Frustule in girdle view. 2–19. LM views of the population arranged in decreasing length. Scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="211" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,1647,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,618,1647,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Ecology & associated diatom flora:—</emphasis>
|
||
Sample 2646 was collected from stones in the Attersee, the largest lake in the province of Upper-Austria (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[429,514,1683,1707]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The lake, situated at
|
||
<quantity box="[747,813,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., has a total surface of
|
||
<quantity box="[1108,1194,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.59" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="km" value="45.9">45.9 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1195,1203,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">2</superScript>
|
||
with a maximum depth of
|
||
<quantity box="[165,233,1719,1743]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dokulil, M. T. & K. Teubner" box="[246,515,1719,1743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="165 - 80" refId="ref1907" refString="Dokulil, M. T. & K. Teubner. (2002) Assessment of ecological integrity from environmental variables in an impacted oligotrophic alpine lake: Whole lake approach using 3 D-spatial heterogeneity. Water Air Soil Pollution, Focus 2: 165 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1020320428487" type="journal article" year="2002">Dokulil & Teubner 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sample is dominated by several
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[922,1138,1719,1743]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[922,1085,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Achnanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="LangeBertalot" authorityName="LangeBertalot" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="neoexilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1149,1369,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Brachysira neoexilis</emphasis>
|
||
LangeBertalot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Moser, G." box="[266,636,1755,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 212" refId="ref2243" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Moser, G. (1994) Brachysira. Monographie der Gattung und Naviculadicta nov. gen. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 29: 1 - 212." type="journal article" year="1994">Lange-Bertalot & Moser 1994: 51</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kutzing (1844: 43)" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1844" box="[657,1048,1755,1779]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Bacillariaceae" genus="Denticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,833,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Denticula tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[840,1048,1755,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" refId="ref2157" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen, 144 pp., 30 pls. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing (1844: 43)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Kutzing 1844: 80) F. Meister (1912: 95)" authorityName="F. Meister" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityPageNumber="80" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Eucocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="flexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1060,1282,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Eucocconeis flexella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kutzing, F. T." pageId="1" pageNumber="211" refId="ref2157" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen, 144 pp., 30 pls. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing 1844: 80</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Meister, F." box="[195,396,1791,1815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="48" refId="ref2524" refString="Meister, F. (1912) Die Kieselalgen der Schweiz. Beitrage zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. Materiaux pour la flore cryptogamique suisse. Vol. IV, fasc. 1. Bern: Druck und Verlag von K. J. Wyss, pp. [i] - vi, [1] - 254, 48 pls." type="journal article" year="1912">Meister (1912: 95)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lange-Bertalot & Van de Vijver" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot & Van de Vijver" authorityYear="2014" box="[406,1042,1791,1815]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="perdelicatissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,700,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Fragilaria perdelicatissima</emphasis>
|
||
Lange-Bertalot & Van de Vijver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S." box="[1083,1443,1791,1815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref2274" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S. (2014) Contributions to the taxonomy of needle-shaped Fragilaria and Ulnaria species. Lauterbornia 78: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2014">Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich 2014: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grunow 1860: 552) R. L. Lowe et al. (2014: 358)" authorityName="R. L. Lowe" authorityPageNumber="358" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" baseAuthorityPageNumber="552" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[182,976,1827,1851]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Humidophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,437,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Humidophila perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grunow, A." box="[452,658,1827,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="503 - 582" refId="ref1967" refString="Grunow, A. (1860) Uber neue oder ungenugend gekannte Algen. Erste Folge, Diatomeen, Familie Naviculaceen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 10: 503 - 582." type="journal article" year="1860">Grunow 1860: 552</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) R.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lowe, R. L. & Kociolek, P. & Johansen, J. R. & Van de Vijver, B. & Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kopalova, K." box="[715,976,1827,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="351 - 360" refId="ref2361" refString="Lowe, R. L., Kociolek, P., Johansen, J. R., Van de Vijver, B., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Humidophila gen. nov., a new genus for a group of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) formerly within the genus Diadesmis: species from Hawai'i, including one new species. Diatom Research 29 (4): 351 - 360. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2014.889039" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lowe
|
||
<emphasis box="[787,841,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014: 358)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Following the ecological preferences of the observed species, based on literature data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Hofmann, G. & Werum, M. & Cantonati, M." box="[619,923,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" refId="ref2304" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H., Hofmann, G., Werum, M. & Cantonati, M. (2017) Freshwater benthic diatoms of Central Europe: over 800 common species used in ecological assessment. English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. Koeltz Botanical Books, Schmitten- Oberreifenberg, 942 pp." type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Lange-Bertalot
|
||
<emphasis box="[788,842,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this diatom flora points to oligotrophic, calcium bicarbonate enriched, low saprobity lake conditions. The Attersee has always been ultra-oligotrophic and therefore been considered a reference ecosystem for alpine lakes in the Austrian Salzkammergut district following the rules of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dokulil, M. T. & K. Teubner" box="[534,803,1971,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" pagination="165 - 80" refId="ref1907" refString="Dokulil, M. T. & K. Teubner. (2002) Assessment of ecological integrity from environmental variables in an impacted oligotrophic alpine lake: Whole lake approach using 3 D-spatial heterogeneity. Water Air Soil Pollution, Focus 2: 165 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1020320428487" type="journal article" year="2002">Dokulil & Teubner 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, recent diatom data are lacking that could be used to compare the present-day diatom flora with the historic (19
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[850,862,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">th</superScript>
|
||
century) flora. The (European) distribution of the new species is unclear, most likely due to confusion with similar, needle-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[945,1149,2043,2067]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="211" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1058,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="211">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7059550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059550/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" startId="2.[136,248,1774,1796]" targetBox="[241,1346,190,1750]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1774,2048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,323,1774,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">FIGURES 20–25.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel" authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[672,1174,1774,1796]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,885,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">Fragilaria crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1258,1775,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1182,1258,1775,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="212" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images taken from the holotype population (BR-4736, Grunow sample 2646, Attersee, Austria). 20. SEM external view of an entire valve. Note the continuous series of marginal spines running from apex to apex and the lack of rimoportula at one apex. 21. SEM girdle view of two valves connected to each other via the short, conical spines. 22. SEM side view of the valve apex showing mantle plaques, the apical pore field, five protruding conical spines at the apex and the depressed rimoportula. 23. SEM external view of a valve apex showing the rimoportula, the conical spines on their pit-like depressions and the uniseriate striae with the combination of rounded and slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the central area. Note the slit-like areolae terminating the striae at the sternum. 25. SEM internal detail of a valve apex with the large rimoportula. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 20–21), 1 μm (Figs 22–25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="213" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,158,507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,477,158,183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Taxonomic comments:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[477,717,159,183]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[477,717,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Fragilaria crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can hardly be confused with any other needle-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1452,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[229,419,195,219]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,419,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Fragilaria tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the distinctly developed, capitate apices but instead had narrow, weakly capitate apices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S." box="[143,473,231,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref2274" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S. (2014) Contributions to the taxonomy of needle-shaped Fragilaria and Ulnaria species. Lauterbornia 78: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2014">Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo" box="[483,701,231,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref1823" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis box="[582,637,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[832,927,231,254]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,927,231,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has narrower valves (1.8–2.5 µm versus 2.5–3.0 µm) and therefore also a more needle-shaped valve outline with gradually tapering margins, contrary to the almost linear valve outline with parallel margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[536,678,303,327]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,678,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[836,929,303,326]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[836,929,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shark-tooth like and are directly connected to the valve margin, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2022" box="[450,593,339,363]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crocodylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,593,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. crocodylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the spines are conical and located in pit-like depressions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo" box="[1222,1440,339,363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref1823" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis box="[1322,1376,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other longer
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[279,476,375,399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,392,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="P. D. Almeida, E. Morales & C. E. Wetzel" authorityName="P. D. Almeida, E. Morales & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2016" box="[568,1133,375,399]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="neotropica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,710,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. neotropica</emphasis>
|
||
P.D.Almeida, E.Morales & C.E.Wetzel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo" box="[1175,1443,375,399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref1823" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & D. C. Bicudo (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis box="[1274,1328,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 171
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. J. Krahn & C. E. Wetzel" authorityName="K. J. Krahn & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2021" box="[180,614,411,435]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="salvadoriana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[180,346,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">F. salvadoriana</emphasis>
|
||
K.J.Krahn & C.E.Wetzel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krahn, K. J. & Schwartz, A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Cohuo-Duran, S. & Daut, S. & Marcario-Gonzales, L. & Perez, L. & Wand, J. & Schwalb, A." box="[655,865,410,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref2002" refString="Krahn, K. J., Schwartz, A., Wetzel, C. E., Cohuo-Duran, S., Daut, S., Marcario-Gonzales, L., Perez, L., Wand, J. & Schwalb, A. (2021) Three new needle-shaped Fragilaria species from Central America and the Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 479.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Krahn
|
||
<emphasis box="[727,780,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021: 5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) sufficiently differ by their thin, linear-lanceolate valve outline, their lower valve width (<2.5 µm) and the structure of their spines (never acute conical in pit-like depressions), to exclude conspecificity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |