treatments-xml/data/79/AB/2F/79AB2FB59227544899F68903C2248812.xml

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<mods:title id="A617CC92AA79599F6F05E9480F62839E">Revision of the Neotropical genus Trigava O'Brien, 1999 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Nersiini), with descriptions of two new species from Peru and Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8376F61B46F40A3318EE9A3B311EE819">Song, Zhi-Shun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0DEF270CED070777B4340EC2711E328A">Institute of Insect Resources and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013 China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B23FC321D688E30A4D75C4BF3556CAB6">O'Brien, Lois B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F15CD22E9A83FBFF9BB7293EEABBEEB">Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Forbes 410, PO Box 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 - 0036, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9ED0DBF2BC22376EA4C1C9A8DAFCCC5">Malenovsky, Igor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCD6A534BB23291EA610D296C4581390">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ- 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Entomology, Moravian Museum, Zelny trh 6, CZ- 659 37, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="67FBA6DA03B71D9D4E29E6211236AF54">Deckert, Juergen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2E5328D8DFEF2A3B3701D1335F69D2C">Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7F043815BCD3977FCE5248A145B467C7">Bartlett, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB6886DA87DC88F01E926F969DBE4AAF">Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 - 2160, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="DF16893CA16DD01099361CF57EA5AA46" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F81544A3BE7760F60564A16B1048D0EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Genus 
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Trigava 
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, 1999
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<paragraph id="DC9D3735319C23C99DC0AC688F909E36" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C93072507730DB32246092883A9133A" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigava</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="A388FE12B0A75DB5C57A808D52E564B9" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
, 1999: 60. Type species: 
<taxonomicName id="76379ED209BAFC467A7B61725EEBFA19" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Igava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Igava brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">Igava brachycephala</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912; by original designation.
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<subSubSection id="19A369DC82FCF4D0A7FD61D1BBE0BDC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB4C9C6D707171B94A43BF0CC006007F" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDD457AA769C5D466A8AD73036C7F1B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">The genus may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: cephalic process conical, strongly curved upward, and gradually narrowing apicad; vertex with posterior plane elevated above pronotum, wider (e.g., at posterior margin) than transverse diameter of eyes in dorsal view, lateral carinae abruptly constricted and curved upward in front of eyes, converging anteriad, apical margin broadly angulately convex to nearly straight; frons flat, lateral, intermediate and median carinae weakly ridged, lateral carinae nearly parallel in most of their length, gradually converging apicad in front of eyes; pronotum with intermediate carinae ridged and nearly reaching posterior margin, upper lateral carina greenly thickened (not continued on the tegula), posterior margin angularly concave, not notched; mesonotum with lateral carinae incurved anteriad, reaching and connecting median carina; tegulae lacking carina; tegmina macropterous, veins setose on ventral surface, nodal line present, ScP+R+MP long, MP1+2, MP3+4 and CuA1 forked near nodal line (near midlength), the longest folding line between MP3 and MP4; fore femora without spines, hind tibiae with eight apical teeth; endosomal processes sclerotised apically; phallobase with pairs of large and stout spines.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="408B8982430AA273CA9241AE634C89F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="D2EEDD28B4B97AFC75D4118533923891" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47C19E8637C00D9BB7D63F30EA87F538" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
General colour of body pale green to stramineous green, marked with green, ochraceous and black on head and thorax (Figs 
<figureCitation id="6F0CEA1C6DC1EEE11858C74F47ECF787" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Trigava species, dorsal view A T. brachycephala (Melichar), lectotype, male B T. brachycephala (Melichar), male C T. obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male D T. obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female E T. peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male F T. recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961173" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0964FB4DF420B547D1AB17CEBE2365F6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitus of Trigava species, lateral view A T. brachycephala (Melichar), lectotype, male B T. brachycephala (Melichar), male C T. obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male D T. obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female E T. peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male F T. recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male G right tegmen of T. brachycephala H right tegmen of T. recurva." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961174" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCE2D47A696E7C689FDB227F5A6C6C93" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="E989CEA32814270A3DE3261B3C7B9B37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="8D72B4013DB80048459FFB70D648FCD7" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2A641E79C21242C0E41643396255BFFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
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species, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="817568EFDFEFAB13E42333DC6DBB49D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="710C4AF8DF76D9B9B41A4C24D168F045" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="456F758041524E18463A6220ABE48A5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. brachycephala</emphasis>
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(Melichar), lectotype, male 
<emphasis id="2E9BA4E3F5A9869957BBD6FF3524A66D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41879C4586CBF4F866BEDBF10C5840D0" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="2F52A63B15590CED349C2FB6A926FF67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. brachycephala</emphasis>
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(Melichar), male 
<emphasis id="E8E137E7F77D1155F4A5F3CDDDA48F33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CFA5CCB6C97B29C53460C6B064F2F55C" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="EC159539E5CB876252A622C900733ABE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. obrieni</emphasis>
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sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="94344B3D98EE007BB1874E5C4815A7DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AD2B58E23B0A113E130F1F289CA567A7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="9204A7D7207B10F9BAED278A68285707" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. obrieni</emphasis>
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sp. nov., paratype, female 
<emphasis id="B27B35F53100FE0AEBFDCDF563B89283" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82FC22B15D640A39999AE59E7892CD45" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. peruensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruensis">
<emphasis id="AF29066ECCBF53B3A1CA88C448243FD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. peruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="FE3EAE774ADDA5D0D71F6953E98383B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="735A587B63125A112A345D9BB86E31A7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. recurva" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurva">
<emphasis id="7CE2EDF7B180626B1ECE7C1DD6B1EB95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. recurva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Melichar), lectotype, male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="934EC0DF11541B63B007C87BA7803570" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="EC1727045ABF2C907F31EC981037C491" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="75A3449DD95A257B518AB7651D7C84ED" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6DDB98A093FAE162731DD6817F18933" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
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species, lateral view 
<emphasis id="B5ED5FE6C9691C28C30E8BD9C7A5A372" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="988CE8D59F71DF6DFEFEE6A837CE281C" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="05D8F666B7BFEE5F2E91F0C7691A0C81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. brachycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Melichar), lectotype, male 
<emphasis id="52D0691BAEC60362781949C18E38E903" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AD6001F375D90AAD573E0D04279F898D" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="8BBCB33CF37040825B4D946FB9F943C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. brachycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Melichar), male 
<emphasis id="58B3E42ED0B55FBEF98AB378E48D6343" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9CA9CA14D3718D6E404279573696D5B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="6D04EEA6B3B84EEA95B03F873C7B265C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. obrieni</emphasis>
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sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="2691E2D8BB9B875A6FB640FD925E9091" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31B15E9E6A2248EA11844FA5E51677AC" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="A89B70ED7AF1A714DE21EE7E9F8BBD9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. obrieni</emphasis>
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sp. nov., paratype, female 
<emphasis id="B25F94FA72C6C5750EDE09AE85AA81B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1E2A9E5E6BCC36A8E7407D1872A8034E" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. peruensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruensis">
<emphasis id="B88733E26600C73CD82E62721CB44695" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. peruensis</emphasis>
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sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="A47685AB867FE7F445968F8EBA97E78A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5C4B2D36BBEA95DE9B587BC5BF043067" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. recurva" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurva">
<emphasis id="21B89B47E57681B27DBDD43601C92675" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. recurva</emphasis>
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(Melichar), lectotype, male 
<emphasis id="BC086F6F0B32C275149FD0FFD635FE97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
right tegmen of 
<taxonomicName id="E8FF28CC9038A389DD7A049D0260E0C0" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="12B92AD0AEE9FB310CAE90E454B5004E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. brachycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BC5218388BD186C9EF7648B9C6F01513" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
right tegmen of 
<taxonomicName id="E3E78CDB764AE9107B20F2CFF39D6222" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. recurva" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurva">
<emphasis id="EA1EEA995BF37E687B5FABE9B36D6647" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">T. recurva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="304E36F969ECE60A3714E8D259B16E1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="13DB24144C729A107ACEBFBD76634FDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="51B69FA74A79514BC128C2727816DE98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Head (Figs 
<figureCitation id="F0D53BC38A614E44D4C04B367D703326" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A-C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="ACFD5136E041355D63639143D20A1E9B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A-C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="09137DE15E0DC8A23A888B30B6F594EE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A-C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="EACA22CE6A0C0227EF518BBF67EA75CC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A-C</figureCitation>
) in front of eyes produced into a short cephalic process. Cephalic process conical, strongly curved upward, and gradually narrowing toward apex. Vertex (Figs 
<figureCitation id="EC8A3CA94B3ABA2FE8ECC34873B54984" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A878EA5ABB63C178FE7E1D41E2DEB709" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DDFBD70377083B661BF8A69053BE4F55" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="792F8590F35F0EE9AB7CC6AF2775C9BC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A</figureCitation>
) with posterior plane elevated above pronotum, wider than transverse diameter of eyes in dorsal view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="32062D955B027846D3241AD71769F3F3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AF2D7248B2292143F163AFAA0F4E67DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D6DCBDA78B65A8422456AB12F3DD9053" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3E2B733306522A4F12A2355F12B8A5A2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A</figureCitation>
); lateral carinae keeled, gradually converging (with a lateral inflection anterior to eyes), abruptly constricted and curved upward in front of eyes, and then converging anteriad, in lateral view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="759D7EDAE9B337379ED295CC541C113F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="47ECFDD68AE09220A84003E9EB6517FF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DE56E0B9DC8844487F05A4B22F8DC0FD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="23EA6EE36F26D2CC3A7A873C7916AEB5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7B</figureCitation>
), the process bent upward at approximately 60-90° (sometimes more than 90°) in front of eyes; median carina indistinct, somewhat depressed medially, or weakly ridged posteriorly; apical margin broadly angularly convex to nearly straight, not acuminate at apex, posterior margin ridged and broadly and angularly concave, concavity projecting distinctly beyond middle of eyes. Frons (Figs 
<figureCitation id="AFA0851565B1DBB4B43C3A335F14072C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F32C41E6615FF99A83CDC0B6714E972A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6AE894412F8B90A1F939422E999E13CB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="113DC942950D12A9BF5BCE36A30BBCF7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7C</figureCitation>
) flat, elongate and relatively broad; lateral carinae weakly ridged, slightly expanded outward below antennae, nearly parallel in most of their length, gradually converging apicad in front of eyes; intermediate carinae weekly keeled, nearly reaching frontoclypeal suture; median carina complete but obscure. Frontoclypeal suture arched. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Figs 
<figureCitation id="665CC810EAA15BD980ACF2B90144AA84" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F34923835E1B0405A3B8AFCCD781BD1D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4D728ABD9491E47AF69789FC69E3831C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="465C6B0719C09D35EB1E190198DA60FC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7C</figureCitation>
) cuneate, slightly convex medially; lateral and median carinae keeled. Rostrum long, second segment slightly longer than third segment, surpassing middle coxae, third segment reaching middle of hind femora. Compound eyes large and rounded, callus postocularis forming a triangular process protruded posteriad. Antenna with very small scape; pedicel subglobose, with more than 50 sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5DC85CF85E32E03589FE5AA667FAF5F3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="2121C6948138979CD78D761FC23DF420" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="E8B3437B3F1833EB5ED9944948A4DCC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8440AF48B00EAE328C8D73BA741E02EE" baseAuthorityName="Melichar" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava brachycephala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="42AAF498AA0CC8EEF4FFB24B2A4416B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava brachycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Melichar), male 
<emphasis id="B375B2A37F67E6A8DA8484F9B732A546" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="96108E8ADD72507BC6C484ECA087EAFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
same, lateral view 
<emphasis id="4E5B5C76EBC6067A6086379FA35F7B29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
same, ventral view 
<emphasis id="D9CD821B6C44FB07041A2878B0BF47D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
pygofer and segment X, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="EBBBE7B6128375BB5156255F39702BAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view 
<emphasis id="ACEB71480236906A8CD06399568CD192" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view 
<emphasis id="B898B545D18A698ADCD843F3E28C6A12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
left gonostyle, lateral view 
<emphasis id="801FCDD08F88BFB69D9F0B03B1FD33F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="64E6EADD7EDDB52B522CFF780F595ABB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">I</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view 
<emphasis id="8638FCDA2D8AAD7309FAE5A8D9A6D619" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">J</emphasis>
aedeagus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CE1E3720612B52D80558F8592F6431FF" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="770E68AB525B92A46D68BCE929E5C485" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="C8969B3B175111D2BCA82A25078A5BB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BCEDE6BE9ECBB2EDBD94E898E3DCFBAC" authorityName="Song, Malenovsky &amp; Deckert" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="0664FBDF59C65DF30C5A3D7AB1A64848" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="21EC6011123E15983BF3FF619BA6AB1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="F51A0C735186C4FF7C57C232AE914FC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
same, lateral view 
<emphasis id="3C2375023A05397B90ABDF5AADEC1A07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
same, ventral view 
<emphasis id="E082312AFF3C5B5556019988D7B7F702" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
pygofer and segment X, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="6F5939266A17C8CD8ADB6C20DBF904E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view 
<emphasis id="D2705BB3AE639393EEAF59BD3A035774" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view 
<emphasis id="95FEC9F4277ADBEDE0B84468B274ADEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
left gonostyle, lateral view 
<emphasis id="AEC533D7F066FC8EE7B0D579757ED1A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="E24520A4C418AD255E5A80607123FC54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">I</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view 
<emphasis id="A904487AD2765D2A5AFC98CE2744F3F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">J</emphasis>
aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A132B4F33F6C0B89CA2449F6BFD5818E" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6E205826D1340B0B9F6D79E69F8A8760" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="2F5C9ABEEB7776C2F10E492CA7C5427F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Thorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pronotum (Figs 
<figureCitation id="90651AF0552494BCCD62EC4168A9328C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D045776C6EEE08D09BD3117FFA8CBA12" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="06898AAD70E7844CE4B6E388E832C8FA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="5960EC30FDB492C16E08FD6B8F91C9EF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A</figureCitation>
) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly, broad posteriorly; anterior margin arcuately convex medially, lateral marginal areas convex and sloping with two long longitudinal carinae on each side between eyes and tegulae, upper lateral carina greenly thickened (not continued on the tegula); in dorsal view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="CEE0E680DA323F5AB52E52F6A2FD9AA6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E1B4521EE09C9156F01024F600FF8E6B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="07B4EEB4568D49A0EA3E9654ED415971" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E728E514A563DEA544F65C5AD13E4AAA" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A</figureCitation>
), lower lateral carinae expanded just behind eyes; posterior margin angularly concave, not notched; median carina distinct, with a deep lateral pit at side; intermediate carinae keeled and nearly complete. Mesonotum (Figs 
<figureCitation id="0DC015F414D96EDFDB3651880FB16940" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9A72BA758FF745A74D3067BF21F0E1F1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="71D3A4CFAC91995500D493B92A9EAFCD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="42A420BE26005CBF373ED10665769339" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7A</figureCitation>
) distinctly tricarinate, lateral carinae incurved anteriad, reaching median carina. Tegulae lacking carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6910C92BBD8599531394B0860143928" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Tegmina (Figs 
<figureCitation id="E96A44E7EDAE4C33BF340CADB3F0EBE5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitus of Trigava species, lateral view A T. brachycephala (Melichar), lectotype, male B T. brachycephala (Melichar), male C T. obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male D T. obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female E T. peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male F T. recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male G right tegmen of T. brachycephala H right tegmen of T. recurva." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961174" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">2G, H</figureCitation>
) membranous, hyaline, and macropterous, extending far beyond the tip of abdomen; veins setose on ventral surface; transverse veinlets 
<emphasis id="075CE6795D4964DF034355DA0E0645F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">r-m</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="C0DE3A9AB8C665999E23DAC5ACCC26B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">imp</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="D9625C30EE868EE3FA47BEB9217B9843" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">mp-cu</emphasis>
connecting some short segments of veins RP, MP and CuA to form nodal line; ScP+R+MP long, much longer than basal cell; ScP+R forked in distal 3/5; MP bifurcating MP1+2 and MP3+4 (forming cell C3) near midlength, MP1+2 and MP3+4 forked near level of bifurcation of ScP+R, near nodal line, MP1, MP2, MP3 and MP4 each forked at apex; CuA forked before bifurcation of MP (forming C5 cell), CuA1 bifurcating CuA1a and CuA1b before 
<emphasis id="F406C44814F8B137EA6A10FA0DD06BFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">mp-cu</emphasis>
, near nodal line; 
<emphasis id="A7C9F6ABE08F04015B35EFC7CBBA1459" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">mp-cu</emphasis>
connecting MP3+4 and CuA1a (forming C4 cell); Pcu and A1 fused in proximal third of clavus, composite vein reaching wing margin before claval apex (not reaching CuP); numbers of apical cells of RP, MP and CuA 3, 7, 3-4, respectively; pterostigmal area elongate, with three cells; folding lines present, the longest one between MP3 and MP4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2FC77FFBA79D65E69E73AB268ADA7DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Hindwings with ScP+R+MP short, about a half of basal cell; ScP+RA and RP forked near apical one third; MP bifurcating MP1+2 and MP3+4 little posterior to ScP+RA and CuA; CuA bifurcating CuA1 and CuA2 much anterior to ScP+RA and MP, CuA1 four-branched distally, and CuA2 not branched; transverse veinlets 
<emphasis id="7C0710528AE1C8F5CC1CEAC7227F09DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">r-m</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="8BAB1E2A11DE03AA1711BC40A013EBF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">mp-cu</emphasis>
slightly posterior to bifurcation of MP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3358677B3A4EC4FA1F12D2B87432BAEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Legs long; fore femora elongate, not flattened and dilated, without spines; fore and middle tarsomeres I and II with more than two acutellae; hind tibiae distinctly elongate, nearly twice as long as hind femora, with four lateral spines and eight apical teeth; hind tarsomeres I and II with about 7-9 and 8-9 apical teeth, respectively.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E043670F2A3EBC4759ED6625154E90FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="325A8E44F4A5DB65E98554035924F5EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="8C3E5435B894AF21B5F7A572AF608DFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Male genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pygofer, in lateral view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="77D034B1AA16D9ABC8E7B844CACDD6D1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4918F28DF96AFD05EDDBBE2F24A5B926" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1F808A31CD5B3EE675C5B29CCA110566" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A3A4427F8DC692C0DE21BCDC2FF6E871" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7E</figureCitation>
), irregularly quadrate to pentagonal, distinctly wider ventrally than dorsally, dorsal margin slightly excavated to accommodate segment X, dorsoposterior margins angular. Gonostyles (Figs 
<figureCitation id="A64233648BAC21C5064231A15D870517" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13046ABAAC577C278FB90C109A542610" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="802791421D6BB9F100F1C3DAF0C26B7D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="024892E83FEE551F4367DB1642196E3F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7F</figureCitation>
) symmetrical, in lateral view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="D1CC5692E8A051EF21195BD75DA712A2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="BDB2032CCC323D8A7718C2B688A2AB3D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="5DCBA8B46E2FA66AED5780D528B89BF3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="7498657531A2F53726195501CF8AE47A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7G</figureCitation>
) broad, base narrow, expanded distally, broadest in middle, and then tapering posteriad, apex rounded; dorsal margin with a claw-like, apically sclerotised process (dorsal process), directed dorsad, outer dorsal edge with a hook-like process near middle, directed ventrad. Aedeagus (Figs 
<figureCitation id="F75748BD3ADBF7F681AA38FEB974D8E6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3H-J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C0F445AAA9D004BCC5328536EE64D5FB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4H-J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0AF581F05504544B2DDD3A3597ACEE5E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6H-J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="658C2DA694EA1849BBA314C1C9F664EB" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7H-J</figureCitation>
) with a pair of endosomal processes extended from phallotheca and curved dorsoanteriad or laterad; these processes mostly membranous, sclerotised apically, tapering posteriad to form large and stout spines; phallobase sclerotised basally and membranous and inflated apically, with paired lobes with large and stout spines. Segment X long oval, in lateral view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="0E5EDA80E032DBEFC95D2E7AF6E647B1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="33C6FA07F17EF16C5A0A724275FBA66B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E882C3ADEF5C0953DD6618E518BFAE76" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4A2144D5978D94CB9029B7B78A686D90" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7E</figureCitation>
), ventral margin gradually widening from base to apex; in dorsal view (Figs 
<figureCitation id="A2AEC630BEFA3E6806A5282F4F561BF6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trigava brachycephala (Melichar), male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961175" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">3D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1C4D02F98FD698D1E291B4A895389591" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: as, anal style; dl, dorsal lobes of phallotheca; dmp, dorsal margin of pygofer; dpg, dorsal process of gonostyle; ep, endosomal processes; gs, gonostyle; hpg, hook-like process of gonostyle; ll, lateral lobes of phallotheca; pg, pygofer; pt, phallotheca; sx, segment X; vl, ventral lobes of phallotheca; vmp, ventral margin of pygofer." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961176" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">4D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F3DEE801CFD31DA82F3083D2A8B1195D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trigava peruensis sp. nov., holotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">6D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F5E5B18C206BBA516130317BD1B97D31" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trigava recurva (Melichar), lectotype, male A head and thorax, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view E pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view F pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view G left gonostyle, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, lateral view J aedeagus, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">7D</figureCitation>
), with apex excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style elongate and large, beyond apical ventral margin of segment X.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7727486E9B98738E81E6E0BF8C33C397" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="E8DAAFF6678C1C169FC6D8C98E5C6859" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="9E4E2F83DC3BB5883839EAA3D30DC7E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Female genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Gonocoxae VIII (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="586FA3E29DC4D674F13A73D6EA09BCE4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female A terminalia, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D gonapophysis VIII, lateral view E gonapophysis IX, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, lateral view H gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">5D</figureCitation>
) with a membranous and flattened endogonocoxal processes (Gxp), bearing tiny setae on apex. Gonapophyses VIII (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B1800DC99F125B59A352CEC524B4EE33" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female A terminalia, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D gonapophysis VIII, lateral view E gonapophysis IX, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, lateral view H gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">5D</figureCitation>
) with anterior connective lamina large and sclerotized, with seven teeth of varying sizes and shapes. Gonapophyses IX (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="91ED040A5846BBC166D86713D1FE4FA3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female A terminalia, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D gonapophysis VIII, lateral view E gonapophysis IX, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, lateral view H gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">5E, F</figureCitation>
) with posterior connective lamina triangular, symmetrical, weakly bifurcated at apex, fused with the intergonocoxal plate at base. Gonoplacs (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6D2C295D9CB597F011A07574A05F05F0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female A terminalia, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D gonapophysis VIII, lateral view E gonapophysis IX, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, lateral view H gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">5G, H</figureCitation>
) with two lobes homologous, first lobe (lateral lobe) axe-shaped, sclerotized, large and elongate, apical margin filmy and truncate, with cluster of long setae on apex (no sensory appendage, viz. 
<taxonomicName id="0F06F5518EA636B471CC370D1C864AE8" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Igava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Igava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23E826D2649576C3546C9BBB69273695" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Igava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.); second lobe (posterior lobe) large, broad basally and tapering posteriad, the edge membranous containing long sclerotized plate. Segment X (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E329506C7BBDA244D408198F8565968F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trigava obrieni sp. nov., paratype, female A terminalia, dorsal view B same, lateral view C same, ventral view D gonapophysis VIII, lateral view E gonapophysis IX, ventral view F gonapophysis IX, lateral view G gonoplac, lateral view H gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">5A</figureCitation>
) trapeziform, large and broad in dorsal view, apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style small.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2612836345559A92ACEE3CB2383F324" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961177" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="DC88869720E2E7A6362F2343140D1896" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="799B8BC853F0CEAEDC135201D597163F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D11DEC06D70D704A97D198A4634A8626" authorityName="Song, Malenovsky &amp; Deckert" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava obrieni" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obrieni">
<emphasis id="32943D59773F58FEEBF99324D33F6576" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava obrieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., paratype, female 
<emphasis id="3897EDB1C2A915544740C40928A6A531" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
terminalia, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="7C88ACE9F624CB8E88275A30287874F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
same, lateral view 
<emphasis id="91856804AC5A5E1DA17D9CFF0063DB25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
same, ventral view 
<emphasis id="064189E934D0EDC78B9853182CDB93F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
gonapophysis VIII, lateral view 
<emphasis id="417CA000D9FE4FE3DB55F76F6417DA73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
gonapophysis IX, ventral view 
<emphasis id="D044D154FB365DE95431D748D4AE17C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
gonapophysis IX, lateral view 
<emphasis id="E731B44D85B7A0C19FF150043E109863" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
gonoplac, lateral view 
<emphasis id="EC58D2BB0D5E01FB5BBC9BF15A972A06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
gonoplac, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ACL, anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII; Gp I, first lobe (lateral lobe) of gonoplac; Gp II, second lobe (posterior lobe) of gonoplac; GxL, endogonocoxal lobe; GxP, endogonocoxal process; Gx VIII, gonocoxae VIII; PCL, posterior connective lamina; sx, segment X.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E7E24E0525A6A855B0B9D65CDFF155CB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961178" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="15EEC4EC85E2885804BC8A9C970C545F" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="A0FE4CE54B625C9DE941861460E12CAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D138854C50B64A1F3F647AA77A2991D3" authorityName="Song, O'Brien &amp; Bartlett" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava peruensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruensis">
<emphasis id="7634A62B58570D887248EF5E6ED5BD10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava peruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, male 
<emphasis id="8FD1144A32E15014697A4388A92536B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="008F5D46ECA1CE05B80D5733E27013B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
same, lateral view 
<emphasis id="B79F139464A55462BE38EE536A04EF7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
same, ventral view 
<emphasis id="A0FBA6E7EE980D72ADC197F241B64D82" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
pygofer and segment X, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="836A8B9451A257F574CF12742B02C0DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view 
<emphasis id="8B4A4C660AA6B8E836A61A25B7721C29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view 
<emphasis id="86F3D85C0873A6C4F47003206C878A39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
left gonostyle, lateral view 
<emphasis id="A02F7EB26E2E991127AA1CBABAAB7F84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="8C7C3CC6608F7A94E224E18042C61AC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">I</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view 
<emphasis id="E42B1ABB22B67761E1B46461EA84DB05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">J</emphasis>
aedeagus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F80DF9BFCE4D228A90A58FF79D07CC0C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961179" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="8E9D54F6CFBE2392E7F040B08B62886A" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="13C373B8B3C2C9DFD3E00DDA17983AED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9C4B47A9A94FED11CFFAE959F3ED201B" baseAuthorityName="Melichar" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava recurva" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurva">
<emphasis id="03A032EDACC2B6685AAF9F85EEED86F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava recurva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Melichar), lectotype, male 
<emphasis id="AB0391594ACD7906B366849F331AE3C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="79D39283E52FF482B268A35AFC1E1A22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
same, lateral view 
<emphasis id="CB5E1FFE803ABCB795D8873750A6E882" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
same, ventral view 
<emphasis id="2944F1EE1BF41022E07CD82B7FBCA446" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
pygofer, and segment X, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="70DB482D63FA4AFABC6387EB1AD1B5CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
pygofer, gonostyles, aedeagus and segment X, right lateral view 
<emphasis id="7FB168B05FF218155C51E1D370F6A4A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view 
<emphasis id="E7345BD211590ED45AFB4DDF163F0F20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
left gonostyle, lateral view 
<emphasis id="C556DE1EC73850300FEE5DE4F6EDD7A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">H</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view 
<emphasis id="1622187EB0A610632C49A989FA5FA215" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">I</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view 
<emphasis id="908B30D1BF147DC953A252C305F332A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">J</emphasis>
aedeagus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66FB2E5B39C320EDCFC7C9BA44505E37" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1257FE9B7BEAA4E6F02D8C61F1CC04B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A485A0663773F26C203A2B3D92D0FBBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="A5E1FB0E44755F856393F00F1426C5F1" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FDB39C5A3E42AB5D41CCD2006584E881" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is revised here to contain four species including two new species. The species of the genus are distributed in the northwest of South America and were recorded from Peru, Bolivia and Brazil, as far as known (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D5A59E1A3B5DE8F77536AB228F1BFE34" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographical distribution of Trigava species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961180" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E60C96EA5230AD844BA1EDBDCFF06CD3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.89881.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961180" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="D4A873EA8DADDB375759612F627B1595" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="DA0E426CA4032CDD914529142D97E403" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Geographical distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="159898A741630E50289BA4C1CA7F3AAC" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4359C8089ACB61437A7D23698259F480" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B025BA06D946BC82E2626A8B4AB72BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="E0F5B9ED1FA381987CF64F11E6F3CD98" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52E2BA9451975B1B834365EC597A1D97" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
In addition to the diagnostic characters listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="1B188C6304F50F773D982AF461DC2194" author="O'Brien, LB" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 60" refId="B11" refString="O'Brien, LB, 1999. New species of Toropa and Igava and a new genus, Trigava gen. n. (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae). Reichenbachia 33 (1): 55 - 60" title="New species of Toropa and Igava and a new genus, Trigava gen. n. (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)." volume="33" year="1999">
<normalizedToken id="D589814A48EC55EB4FBB3A2AE118E74D" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3D8276F4405A89F3AB8AF3A19ED89DA4" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F861A1950D8F1485FF258FB652A17B39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="AB995B788B310E279449423F0C7482E4" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Igava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Igava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EE29819116DD8CC12AC073A4A246956" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Igava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Melichar by characters diagnostic at the tribal level, such as on the tegmen and the female genitalia (
<bibRefCitation id="8307F98FD6108B7BFB4E6C951F145D72" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" pagination="637 - 658" refId="B13" refString="Song, ZS, Bartlett, CR, O'Brien, LB, Liang, AP, Bourgoin, T, 2018. Morphological phylogeny of Dictyopharidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Systematic Entomology 43 (4): 637 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" title="Morphological phylogeny of Dictyopharidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" volume="43" year="2018">Song et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). For example, the second postnodal line of the tegmen and the apical sensory appendage of gonoplacs I are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="426E0717E50E6D67D673C3DA4E6225E0" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B845A55E73EDB7A36D1FF1C76516E093" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they are present in 
<taxonomicName id="3791FBE9FF8E506FB32452D5E1D21067" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Igava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Igava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF2AD02DA074239CF3BBD421D1EC04EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Igava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEAB97D439232E6ECB5C244B3E5C560A" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
In the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="E83B76D2EB37875CA5E6245472138160" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="tribe" tribe="Nersiini">Nersiini</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0F1816E8028DE7F5D94762D9EBD2387A" authorityName="O'Brien" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Trigava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigava" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AB86FF954720B5709626A6D8A89133F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trigava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is externally similar to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="617861A4DB37406ABB5698CB551081EF" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Nersia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nersia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="486F8102B71AFEDFAEC2C9580A403667" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Nersia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1B2C1D5828A81FA7737D8A260108767D" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1862, but can be distinguished from the latter by the head strongly curved upward (slightly curved upward in 
<taxonomicName id="033123245B68F112CC7644E9805BB759" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Nersia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nersia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F13BC4CEE04B83FCD02F4F207A25F04A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Nersia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the median carina of vertex absent (present in 
<taxonomicName id="664C30C26CDAD7D6DDC436FC184CC8F1" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Nersia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nersia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA401E29A1B9E733514CF7D72150721E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Nersia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the tegulae lacking carina (present in 
<taxonomicName id="66325013E81F5786F63DBADBC477305B" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Nersia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nersia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3243F6B23731E5D514B5EA939B5E5AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Nersia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). See also the Discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>