treatments-xml/data/79/09/2B/79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3db2d6f0-b1cd-4085-91b7-df07ea93e7c7" ID-PMC="PMC7728730" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1000-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7CF8B261FCE85B0C85516A2037D19D52" ID-PubMed="33354136" ID-ZooBank="38A8A46E697E45F59B64EF2474280F22" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1000-71" checkinTime="1607107146061" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet &amp; Watanabe, Kozo" docDate="2020" docId="79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1000: 71-105" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1000" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021" docTitle="Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D40F45C4-F8BF-4A62-AE08-260AE606090F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="7CF8B261FCE85B0C85516A2037D19D52" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="7CF8B261FCE85B0C85516A2037D19D52" masterDocTitle="Revision of Japanese species of Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Pediciidae)" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1692643238410" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="C3640AF500C9067910ABC3262C63B00E">Revision of Japanese species of Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Pediciidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CED83490792DA1CCB534365745A421A">Kolcsar, Levente-Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8959EF40510F961EBCB1FB44C79AD380">Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ABEA9438E6AB02519E9587262F2B1F29">Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FCDC0F6C80E479421B9C1F161FDB4D0D">Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sciences, ' Kyororo', 1712 - 2 Matsunoyama, Tokamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3365F0EB1E041ABD1E57F98D0EE007E3">Gamboa, Maribet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0240D10D04565CCB1147C4B3D5720E88">Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE8E6CF8B2D1AF5C0D71EB6FE147CDEA">Watanabe, Kozo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8B5D813CA68AB2B5400D91905DC3F39D">Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677914" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D40F45C4-F8BF-4A62-AE08-260AE606090F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection id="C99B971C9C7D7CBA50A2238E43937B05" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E232465BAF399034B40E686ACD2D8184" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="3BEF74C72D38EB62CC55529B1D086BA4" ID-CoL="8GTJB" LSID="79092BEE-C9E3-5D3C-B9D0-E918F2C73F3A" authority="Kolcsár &amp; Kato" authorityName="Kolcsar &amp; Kato" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Nipponomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponomyia yakushimensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakushimensis" status="sp. nov.">
Nipponomyia yakushimensis 
<normalizedToken id="1201D6D673D0565F4A8558CE2F20BB44" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29D7E321D2D323A9833CA45763944D5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="11EA1392FDE27B54CC73C6CCC9F26C66" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Nipponomyia wings A wing venation of N. trispinosa (Alexander) B N. kuwanai (Alexander) from Aomori Prefecture, Honshu C N. kuwanai from Ishikari Mts, Hokkaido D N. pentacantha Alexander E N. okinawensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. F N. trispinosa (Alexander) G N. yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483012" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9407112C2E7BABE74E521864B74E60A9" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0ED57EA85F8A9C63C13823BDBDAF04E4" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3835E3D85E9F5B560CF6C724B648D2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="type material">
<paragraph id="C43772544FE58E268E0624EA6FFA8DAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB17C243ED8EA3DF560F6D1A918247F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="511943440F3430D9EE33C3A7791E70C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2989738330" collectingCountry="Japan" collectingDate="1924-01-01" collectingDateMax="1924-12-31" collectingDateMin="1924-01-01" collectionCode="BLKU" collectorName="D. Kato" elevation="0" latitude="30.384" location="Japan" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2406BC109A9542DB4018D2846B52BF16" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="E166F6EADA2C95845DFD65593F23A79A">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="94FB15BEC77AA3EFB85C48318690066E" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, pinned. Original label: &quot; 
<location id="C4446D6096DC39A758CB2DAFE4956CAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A:C4446D6096DC39A758CB2DAFE4956CAC" latitude="30.384" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" name="Japan">Japan</location>
, 
<location id="26B5304E6BEE593E00C60A32EAE87DD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A:26B5304E6BEE593E00C60A32EAE87DD3" latitude="30.384" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</location>
, 
<location id="FE4F4F2C85F96A0ABAA2DF706B99FDF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A:FE4F4F2C85F96A0ABAA2DF706B99FDF2" latitude="30.384" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" name="Yakushima Island">Yakushima Island</location>
, 
<location id="5C68E0ADD3B1FE67EF9E3738A6A3901C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A:5C68E0ADD3B1FE67EF9E3738A6A3901C" latitude="30.384" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" name="Yakushima">Yakushima</location>
, 
<location id="C19F1832E31908A3E02B751C63A4E680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79092BEEC9E35D3CB9D0E918F2C73F3A:C19F1832E31908A3E02B751C63A4E680" latitude="30.384" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" name="near Shirataniunsui-kyo Valley, Yakushima-cho">near Shirataniunsui-kyo Valley, Yakushima-cho</location>
, alt. 
<elevation id="E738825FB40F8FEBBDD3A0F72450F12B">600 m</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0FB3F90161C60E7A965E12BB8DC66CCD" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="23.04" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.384">30°23.04'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="141B44901D15C71919737B948F56FF90" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="34.37" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.57283">130°34.37'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate id="544B1E3A824707CA7E43DF73CE967DA5">25 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName id="7D7F7093B1B766231F5288FD677E06E8">D. Kato</collectorName>
leg.&quot; &quot; 
<emphasis id="50D0DACF1B59F6E5E6838C482946167A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0033778384EB3CC98309E2DDAD5C3F1F" authorityName="Kolcsar &amp; Kato" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Nipponomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponomyia yakushimensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakushimensis">
<emphasis id="278F489154488C5F33DBC5330778FB26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Nipponomyia yakushimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="04914FC8C8F9D2D95B975FA26D319FBD" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato, sp. nov. [red label]&quot; (pinned, 
<collectionCode id="923DDECDA6ACF4B47C08B2CBBA3C2A66">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56BE884CAB5113D0995B7B51A5E5B080" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="C68E753E791CA481031208E2110B5422" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2989738326" collectingCountry="Japan" collectingDate="1924-01-01" collectingDateMax="1924-12-31" collectingDateMin="1924-01-01" collectionCode="BLKU" collectorName="D. Kato" elevation="0" latitude="30.384" location="Japan" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="130.57283" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="451BA69AE01462FF90ACB9140B826FB5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="DD17BCC920E35AC297180B4F77B1B907">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F0EC6A63EEFD482CA1DB1BE359DDA407" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (pinned, 
<collectionCode id="031682A1E5F3DCACEB254D3FB1A76FB0">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9DD52C0689263A74724940A806CF877" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="E5ACEDC7376216AD88ADBBF54829016A" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13437CE6E999B4695B136FFC94F14E76" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Dark yellow species with 11 large darker spots on thorax (
<taxonomicName id="FEAE655E6B507FF8A9B7CFD1141F7375" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="A1E0A9A92A51BE2A52923AA1FF4970EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
light yellowish species with 11 smaller dark spots, 
<taxonomicName id="BE3F545028A64AC2AC17BBB17CBEDDF3" lsidName="N. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6474D6727B18A121B56968A3B0388B7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brownish species without any dark spots on thorax). Wing without transverse dark line on costal cell. Brown band running from base of R2+3 to crossvein m-m, but not reaching wing margin (reaching the wing margin in 
<taxonomicName id="BC76588D266DB1B5B5051DCA943F583B" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="8472939637CC54387FE4133D3641FA25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Brown band along crossveins r-m and m-cu conspicuous. Second sternite with black marking at corner of membranous area, but without other line. Gonostylus with 2 spines (3 spines in 
<taxonomicName id="90B32A7C80C5C79C3087742879492D28" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="BB2510D2AB49DBB3A8894087B1DBEF43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), aedeagus long, rod-shaped and acute at tip (aedeagus short, triangular in 
<taxonomicName id="28302E47750525FDADDD54379EBB6BE6" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="2722B5F9062C93D66E245C04279ED734" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A6010047B7C213EBD82A2D27D8CACE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="8D563129A9A1C7BA827E6B31683D8AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E318907B5A12D574AC3002AB5DB2CEB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="06DA3EBFF8783D8CC0A0B1A95E625E2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="5D55AF28FA573A4BFC2A90DDE55BB74A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Body length</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
male 8-8.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641D37C7B312DCB872149F93D3C492AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="3E1F3A2932EBAC995AF37668CD024E5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="E3D53FC08A200BB4C708C937854FE094" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Wing length</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
male 8-8.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170D75E30499C97AB817CF1133C02FF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="9B60DD7A55C7167BDB72D38FB01D547D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="7DAD32A637A5D142BA2EA8D9C3F77343" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Head</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Light brown to brown with grayish pruinosity (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="663908FAB304F8893ABE6E25DDDF9C72" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18B, C</figureCitation>
). Palpi dark brown, 5-segmented, segments 2-4 subequal in length, last segment twice as long as palpomere 4. Antenna short, just a little longer than head. Antenna brown, flagellomeres darker than scape and pedicel. Flagellum 13-segmented, flagellomeres gradually narrowing to apical end.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D33AC4A90507EDCBEA91C87CE07A262A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph id="0A43D9142288E8CFBC74228BA4B9526F" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="BAD2A655DF289A47A1F67238CCDF23A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77819106737C36310B51DCCC8CD554F3" authorityName="Kolcsar &amp; Kato" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Nipponomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponomyia yakushimensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakushimensis">
<emphasis id="2CB49AC5BF804B61E99B6BF831DB9F77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Nipponomyia yakushimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="9D35E772A852CD519C335AD3A40EB690" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato, sp. nov. 
<emphasis id="8C199CDEB38D662B7AF2D869D519D22D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view 
<emphasis id="74343B86DB8B00CF3C644CED7782C9BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
anterior body parts, lateral view 
<emphasis id="947A1D2A6510AD53FA8491F720301D8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
thorax, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="154E031E39C8B3FB04FD7CA43CFBF4DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="AA3DA93BD22AA98C1E0FF950F98EBC3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="C6C76EF84E33CF7FC0BDB1CB3251E9AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Thorax</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
General coloration dark yellow, dorsal parts somewhat darker (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="537FD75A32EF7C205CCC11F671B3B3E3" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18A</figureCitation>
). Presutural area of scutum with 4 large spots, very conspicuous (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="81C4280043C96830728CE63BB3689253" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18B, C</figureCitation>
) and 7 spots on postsutural area of scutum also distinct (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="0DCD67DA21C31205FDAA0B9DD05591B3" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18C</figureCitation>
). Setae on thorax relatively long and dark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7C1BE60B602C0268B832D3F454647A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="3E0CBC66F0580FE8AEAD57AC7DA475E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="0C4267C70DB166973EBB3E39EACB3B6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Legs</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
General coloration yellow, covered with yellowish setae. Femora without clear apical dark area, but with some darker setae. Apical part of tibiae light brown, with a few darker setae. Apical ends of tarsomeres narrowly dark yellow to light brown (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="232DFB936D9B0E14F8686B47F7B8093B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18A</figureCitation>
). Tarsomeres with spurs very small, hardly discernible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37D92E7FF94240139FAD384E581E6D4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="28C079B24194E545BA8056DF49392DB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="71754A43C57858285822E81919CC1B88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Wing</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
As in Fig. 
<figureCitation id="364F3FEC443B0D561E509C3FB63A7B66" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex lateral view. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus, aeg - aedeagal guide, algc - apical lobe of gonocoxite, gc - gonocoxite, gs - gonostylus, ib - interbase, igs - inner part of gonostylus, ogs - outer part of gonostylus, st 9 - sternite 9, tg 9 - tergite 9, vlgc - ventrobasal lobe of gonocoxite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483013" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
. Yellow pattern less intensive compared to other Japanese species. Spots around yellow costal region brown, not blackish as in 
<taxonomicName id="D897CA9A74444EDDAC99EC269446DA65" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="3B149BDB9BA19D6502BD185A049DE03B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Brown band running from base of R2+3 to crossvein m-m, but not reaching wing margin. Brown band along crossveins r-m and m-cu conspicuous. In paratype, wing with Rs divided to R2+3+4 and R5 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="28E091D87CDDF16D947AD55495D110C3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia pentacantha Alexander A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex lateral view. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus, aeg - aedeagal guide, algc - apical lobe of gonocoxite, gc - gonocoxite, gs - gonostylus, ib - interbase, igs - inner part of gonostylus, ogs - outer part of gonostylus, st 9 - sternite 9, tg 9 - tergite 9, vlgc - ventrobasal lobe of gonocoxite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483013" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">5G</figureCitation>
), in holotype as usual in genus, divided to R2+3 and R4+5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C405FC1A9498A0C684DA75C77C92CA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="6CE0B82D092C0DFF5804D2D99B3A8872" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="F1840DE37DBA4345768DA65F590B95F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Abdomen</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Abdomen covered with relative long dark setae. Tergites 2-6 each with a longitudinal narrow black line on lateral side, its length ranging from 1/2-3/4 of tergite length. Sternite 2 with a short black line at corner of membranous fold. Sternites 3-7 each with a broad brown patch, covering anterior half of segment (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="812A12C7346DE40E4BA630F03465B151" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18A, B</figureCitation>
). The abdomen of paratype removed for DNA extraction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7CD7643BB3CC7FE1E2B71511748C9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="BF7A6482583067249A78E32EDB4C283A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="BDEE845195B084F6EF2FEDC85CDD304D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Male terminalia</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Dark yellow to light brown (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D67BD0F98A2CC82057C01ED6FFE4F6F4" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483026" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">18A</figureCitation>
). Median part of tergite 9 with posterior margin convex with two small obtuse peaks laterally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="157446ABE4A4CAD9FD8D7509BC33288F" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19A, B</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxite with apical lobe 2.2 
<normalizedToken id="7DF7AE0778E08EA8B140DB8C441D4312" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide (in the middle) and 1.6 
<normalizedToken id="359F17A4CE9A54CB048E5B4C30E0C921" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than tergite 9 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B9C0877DAC9935F6C585F4B0C0D9C5FB" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19E, F</figureCitation>
). Apical lobe of gonocoxite squarish in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F77AB7A08A6E0D247D871BE347ECE6A8" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19A-D</figureCitation>
), as long as width of gonocoxite at middle in lateral view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BD1058CF8C0290D4A7B63DD4950542E1" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19G, H</figureCitation>
). Basal lobe of gonocoxite prominent, both in ventral and lateral views, triangular in ventral view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E314D4001C413854736D138E55BB8CB8" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19C, D</figureCitation>
). Outer part of gonostylus slender in inner view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="580370A04F8570A8F0E8A4847A9A2C5E" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19G, H</figureCitation>
), with 2 black spines, inner part of gonostylus triangular (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="EAA851053A00FF0371B8C5AC26710AF2" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19A-D</figureCitation>
). Interbase elongated, gradually widening to tip, widest part twice wider than basal part in dorsal view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4EF6ABD0C08D201255A3D20D80F8B4F6" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19A, B</figureCitation>
), interbase curved dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DA69E2573796BF663884EC04111243FF" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19G, H</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus rod-shaped, extending beyond interbase, tip acute, curved dorsally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3E5244792EFD6CB293480A9DC2452D53" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19I, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C524CCB6F6CD6DDE7788C03021AB2738" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483027" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph id="37A64A50FD3006B1672152C4E0204983" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="F5F34D8CC384F35EECB0EE49561901C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 19.</emphasis>
Male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="FF21E2B890F1F75824DD2D650E29C769" authorityName="Kolcsar &amp; Kato" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Nipponomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponomyia yakushimensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakushimensis">
<emphasis id="CC10B134EC22A2BBF571E57163548217" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Nipponomyia yakushimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="B49A6DA0302C3DB00A58B023456B964A" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato, sp. nov. 
<emphasis id="0492542E46540B77CA8986ACEED3D431" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A, B</emphasis>
dorsal view 
<emphasis id="842864B4FCC62251433BD3519E4A89A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C, D</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis id="0655689437506F04022149CF498ADB35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E, F</emphasis>
lateral view 
<emphasis id="F625E746444EB457AEEDA3E5BD39E1E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G, H</emphasis>
gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view 
<emphasis id="CCB65087635E958C6D5100DF1C256F78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">I, J</emphasis>
aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="C3033CC9F633E748163647C5C2D0A56D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A-F</emphasis>
), 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="65BC09B12C72C1605EE0B41B78F0095F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G, H</emphasis>
), 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="DC5036CAF24810F576D3E07249342B00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">I, J</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FD7F96B4749F346F4259163556D01D12" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="7D0BE15D411FFD575CF2666CAFAAB975" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Female:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9765741DE35D4E127C261356691FE693" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="A16F14CCE3EB6BF6A0711F214CB6DA9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Larva:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBAE5D0E3935084CBF3D6824F94AA778" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="39860B888D45F5313635974FA46E3029" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Pupa:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4659D8AF36EE7563655A49CE971D0746" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="739E955D67F2187242984AF717FD9BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="045A4969DD241EE496DD681DB4BF8777" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Japan: Ryukyu Islands: Yakushima Island (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BB81C0E95098743DD9E163CBC362CAEF" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distributions data of Nipponomyia species: for N. pentacantha Alexander white circles designate literature data while red circles are new data obtained in this study; N. gracilis Savchenko (yellow pentagon); N. yakushimensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. green triangle; N. okinawensis Kolcsar &amp; Kato, sp. nov. blue square." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1000.55021.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483017" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C2576DC095D67054F26D285836D3C1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="flying period">
<paragraph id="4B8F145C2765692A1BD837237E5C7921" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Flying period.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E8ECBA2B5854D708A9A8941A5DC3A34" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type specimens were collected at the end of April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA8AE751EB0A8BC976D6C7C358BF672" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="biogeographic notes">
<paragraph id="1CF9BFCE5EEB38702B2FC3698D5A6C7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Biogeographic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1E3E8C92B8771262370F57010C9C6A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Yakushima Island is one of the northmost members of Ryukyu Islands, and also the largest island of the Osumi Archipelago. Yakushima is located approximately 70 km south of Kyushu and formed by a combination of sedimentary and orogenic volcanism processes (
<bibRefCitation id="21E2293459AAA382608F3313969AC02A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" author="Shibasaki, S" editor="Chakraborty, A" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="73 - 83" refId="B32" refString="Shibasaki, S, 2018. Yakushima Island: Landscape History, World Heritage Designation, and Conservation Status for Local Society. In: Chakraborty, A, Mokudai, K, Cooper, M, Watanabe, M, Chakraborty, S, Eds., Natural Heritage of Japan. Springer: 73 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" title="Yakushima Island: Landscape History, World Heritage Designation, and Conservation Status for Local Society." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" volumeTitle="Natural Heritage of Japan." year="2018">Shibasaki 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The island is one of the 
<normalizedToken id="117236FAD6F72A229D67D2E1F2481F97" originalValue="world’s">world's</normalizedToken>
wettest locations, with the annual rainfall around 10000 mm in the mountains whose peaks reach 1900 meters. The island is characterized by a unique wet climate, which ranges from subtropical to high alpine climates, and hosts numerous endemic species (
<bibRefCitation id="3D24544BFD3676E9996040381BB267D8" author="Yahara, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="69 - 119" refId="B39" refString="Yahara, T, Ohba, H, Murata, J, Iwatsuki, K, 1987. Taxonomic review of vascular plants endemic to Yakushima Island, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo 14: 69 - 119" title="Taxonomic review of vascular plants endemic to Yakushima Island, Japan." volume="14" year="1987">Yahara et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="88BA6A741589D44BA0D2D07C3B3ED9FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-0946-2" author="Smith, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="331 - 355" refId="B37" refString="Smith, RJ, Kamiya, T, 2006. Six new species of fresh and brackish water ostracods (Crustacea) from Yakushima, Southern Japan. Hydrobiologia 559 (1): 331 - 355, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-0946-2" title="Six new species of fresh and brackish water ostracods (Crustacea) from Yakushima, Southern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-0946-2" volume="559" year="2006">Smith and Kamiya 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9980291620BEBD5D1F4D4DB66564926C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" author="Shibasaki, S" editor="Chakraborty, A" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="73 - 83" refId="B32" refString="Shibasaki, S, 2018. Yakushima Island: Landscape History, World Heritage Designation, and Conservation Status for Local Society. In: Chakraborty, A, Mokudai, K, Cooper, M, Watanabe, M, Chakraborty, S, Eds., Natural Heritage of Japan. Springer: 73 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" title="Yakushima Island: Landscape History, World Heritage Designation, and Conservation Status for Local Society." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61896-8_7" volumeTitle="Natural Heritage of Japan." year="2018">Shibasaki 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Yakushima is located in the southern boundary of Palearctic faunal realm, and the new biogeographic boundary between the Palearctic and Oriental realm was proposed between Yakushima/Taneshima and Amami Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="6212B9C7994EF6EC7EC8F527ED08C531" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/186775" author="Komaki, S" journalOrPublisher="Makunagi / Acta Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B22" refString="Komaki, S, Igawa, T, 2017. The widespread misconception about the Japanese major biogeographic boundary, the Watase line (Tokara gap), revealed by bibliographic and beta diversity analyses. bioRxiv 186775. https://doi.org/10.1101/186775" title="The widespread misconception about the Japanese major biogeographic boundary, the Watase line (Tokara gap), revealed by bibliographic and beta diversity analyses. bioRxiv 186775." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/186775" year="2017">Komaki and Igawa 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The crane fly fauna of the island is poorly known, at the moment only six species are known as endemic to the island; however, the second author has an additional 8-10 undescribed species from Yakushima. Based on the male terminalia the new species 
<taxonomicName id="1122F895B98542C7EADBD0106FCE4CF0" lsidName="N. yakushimensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="yakushimensis">
<emphasis id="787282823548DF1CEDCC93F9CC70830E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. yakushimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="4F0867FD1F63269F5E6ABECF8C1FB672" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato, sp. nov. is more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="94D72CE0F731CB061A413FF30C64A9E9" lsidName="N. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="0F3BA70221EB1CEB53C45BD3DF390A04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, than to 
<taxonomicName id="0F88F202298D6D7B3DE04BA38047703A" lsidName="N. trispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="D6346C4F7B6DFF4D4DDD44E7846394F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both, 
<taxonomicName id="2F0332B385F4374BEF30D380C4F8A174" lsidName="N. yakushimensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="yakushimensis">
<emphasis id="39F3295F9FD5F9BDF9A0104FAA355396" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. yakushimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F266737C4BFFBEB613E7902F3A32A48B" originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kato, sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName id="7D5222CD64C4EEB1C405F4FF477991EF" lsidName="N. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="E7CBA26C584A6E582C0A4F1A6EEB977E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">N. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 2 spines on the gonostylus, aedeagi elongated, and the shapes of their interbases are also similar. Presumably the two species diverged from each other at least 1.706 Ma ago, when the Korean Peninsula &amp; Kyushu and also Yakushima and Kyushu separated (
<bibRefCitation id="EBA49AC59B7DB1035302FF345FC4A740" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2011.639954" author="Osozawa, S" journalOrPublisher="International Geology Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1369 - 1388" refId="B30" refString="Osozawa, S, Shinjo, R, Armid, A, Watanabe, Y, Horiguchi, T, Wakabayashi, J, 2012. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the 1.55 Ma synchronous isolation of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Taiwan and inflow of the Kuroshio warm current. International Geology Review 54 (12): 1369 - 1388, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2011.639954" title="Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the 1.55 Ma synchronous isolation of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Taiwan and inflow of the Kuroshio warm current." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2011.639954" volume="54" year="2012">Osozawa et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>