632 lines
76 KiB
XML
632 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="CDE0D68FD53114E7571D35EFB1B9739D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8249" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e49ac3e5-55d5-45e1-a379-5cc27d32861d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412850" ID-ZooBank="C6A598EB-0C8C-43A0-82A9-D15FCE925A83" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609693158915" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2020" docId="182E87BE6A6CFFAAF28D3B28FA6F3C78" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4859.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4859 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Toxicocalamus mattisoni Kraus 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="61C7732C-E686-4059-8432-23561859365C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="E417FFC66A6DFFAEF21A3E55FFE13A77" masterDocTitle="A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1698851689759" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="17F596EDC38100A0F27D8225A0D2F4D5">A new species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EB40ECDA6E5272B17FFCCF4FB98C2854" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="79CEBFFB8C0D19076C61B4FE97994B20">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B70817B86596ABDC131A50D99EC9E252">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D5E267E4C0C22F62DE775004835682B">
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<mods:date id="3A7484FE31295DF9DFCA11D6481D5EA8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A6E4BBC11805978597AFDC1A850F848C">2020-10-05</mods:number>
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<treatment id="182E87BE6A6CFFAAF28D3B28FA6F3C78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537879" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177323960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537879" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61C7732C-E686-4059-8432-23561859365C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/182E87BE6A6CFFAAF28D3B28FA6F3C78" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF28D3B28FE253FE0" authority="Kraus, 2020" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,452,1405,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF28D3B28FE253FE0" bold="true" box="[151,452,1405,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9C057C16A6CFFAFF3C93B28FDD03FE0" box="[467,561,1405,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="20EF3CF56A6CFFAFF28D385DFAD73C31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034602303" collectingDate="2003-02-23" collectionCode="BPBM, FK" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="1300" latitude="-10.0145" location="Siyomu Village" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.597" municipality="Mt. Simpson" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="BPBM 17988, FK 7524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Milne Bay" typeStatus="holotype">
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.
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(field tag
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), obtained from local villagers,
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,
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,
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a.s.l.
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, N slope of
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,
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,
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, on
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</date>
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.
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(n
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<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF37F3805FE943C1D" bold="true" box="[357,373,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">=</emphasis>
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6).
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="E89076386A6CFFAFF3BA3804FD9A3C1D" box="[416,635,1616,1643]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="5243F84A6A6CFFAFF09C3805FC8A3C1D" box="[646,875,1616,1643]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Milne Bay" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Milne Bay Province</collectingRegion>
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: N. slope of
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<collectingCounty id="79594E246A6CFFAFF1EF3804FB6B3C1D" box="[1013,1162,1616,1643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Mt. Simpson</collectingCounty>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="705CACD26A6CFFAFF68E3805FB0A3C1D" box="[1172,1259,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Siyomu</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF6E33805FA793C1D" box="[1273,1432,1616,1642]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="Museum">BPBM 17987</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF28D3821FF013CF8" box="[151,224,1652,1679]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="Museum">18165</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="F696AE6D6A6CFFAFF2F63821FEB03CF9" box="[236,337,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF3433821FE203CF8" box="[345,449,1652,1679]" collectionCode="R-" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">R-25152</specimenCode>
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);
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<location id="955860736A6CFFAFF3CE3821FD983CF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182E87BE6A6CFFAAF28D3B28FA6F3C78:955860736A6CFFAFF3CE3821FD983CF9" box="[468,633,1652,1678]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Mt. Simpson" latitude="-10.0171" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.6002" municipality="Siyomu" name="Bunisi Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" stateProvince="Milne Bay">Bunisi Village</location>
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,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="1BAAD19B6A6CFFAFF1B73821FBDE3CF9" box="[941,1087,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1420.0">
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<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6CFFAFF1B73821FBE23CF8" box="[941,1027,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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(
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<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF6543821FB0E3CF9" box="[1102,1263,1652,1678]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="Museum">BPBM 17989</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF6E03821FAA43CF8" box="[1274,1349,1652,1679]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="Museum">18166</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="20EF3CF56A6CFFAFF7433821FC1D3CC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034602302" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="1490" latitude="-10.0209" location="Camp" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.5947" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="BPBM 18164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Milne Bay Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="955860736A6CFFAFF7433821FA7D3CF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182E87BE6A6CFFAAF28D3B28FA6F3C78:955860736A6CFFAFF7433821FA7D3CF9" box="[1369,1436,1652,1678]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-10.0209" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.5947" name="Camp" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" stateProvince="Milne Bay Province">Camp</location>
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2,
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<locationDeviation id="818A2F8A6A6CFFAFF2A938CDFE653CC5" box="[179,388,1688,1715]" location="Bunisi" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
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<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6CFFAFF2A938CDFEE03CC5" box="[179,257,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
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SW Bunisi
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5B3506F6A6CFFAFF00038CDFD483CC4" box="[538,681,1688,1715]" degrees="149.5947" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="5" value="149.5947">149.5947° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1BAAD19B6A6CFFAFF0AF38CDFCA43CC5" box="[693,837,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1490.0">
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6CFFAFF0AF38CDFCEB3CC4" box="[693,778,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1490.0">1490 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="C0219ED36A6CFFAFF14938CDFC143CC4" box="[851,1013,1688,1715]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="Museum">BPBM 18164</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89D65236A6CFFACF2DD38E9FE1D3956" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6CFFAFF2DD38E9FD8C3DFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1544,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF2DD38E9FEA33CA1" bold="true" box="[199,322,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately sized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF0BD38E9FCAF3CA1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[679,846,1724,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF0BD38E9FCAF3CA1" box="[679,846,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Toxicocalamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6CFFAFF63538E9FB6E3CA0" box="[1071,1167,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="483.0">483 mm</quantity>
|
||
) having 15-15-15 scale rows, 170–181 ventrals, 33–49 paired subcaudals, divided anal plate, preocular distinct from prefrontal, separated from nasal by prefrontal contact with second supralabial; frontal unfused with supraoculars; internasals unfused; one postocular; one anterior temporal, 2–3 posterior temporals; six supralabials, second in contact with prefrontal, excluding contact between preocular and nasal; uniformly gray or brown dorsum; and venter pale gray or yellow with gray bands across each ventral scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6CFFACF2DD39C1FDB03B28" blockId="1.[151,1437,1544,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
|
||
The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF03F39C0FCB53DD9" authority="McDowell" authorityName="McDowell" box="[549,852,1940,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopelturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF03F39C0FD333DD9" box="[549,722,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. holopelturus</emphasis>
|
||
McDowell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having divided (vs. entire) subcaudals; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF79239C0FE653DA4" authority="(Sternfeld)" baseAuthorityName="Sternfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buergersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF79239C0FEE03DA5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. buergersi</emphasis>
|
||
(Sternfeld)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF39539ECFD463DA4" authority="Kraus" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[399,679,1977,2003]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cratermontanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF39539ECFDBB3DA5" box="[399,602,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. cratermontanus</emphasis>
|
||
Kraus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF0AB39ECFC2C3DA5" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[689,973,1976,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF0AB39ECFCB13DA5" box="[689,848,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. longissimus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF1C239ECFB743DA4" authority="Kraus" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2009" box="[984,1173,1977,2003]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mintoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF1C239ECFBA83DA5" box="[984,1097,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. mintoni</emphasis>
|
||
Kraus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF68539ECFA793DA5" authority="McDowell" authorityName="McDowell" box="[1183,1432,1976,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="misimae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF68539ECFAF63DA5" box="[1183,1303,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. misimae</emphasis>
|
||
McDowell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF28D3988FE643D80" authority="(Sternfeld)" baseAuthorityName="Sternfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,389,2012,2039]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF28D3988FEE33D81" box="[151,258,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. preussi</emphasis>
|
||
(Sternfeld)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6CFFAFF3A53988FD3B3D81" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1903" box="[447,730,2012,2038]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6CFFAFF3A53988FDBF3D81" box="[447,606,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">T. stanleyanus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the preocular distinct from (vs. fused to) the prefron- tal; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF2E43EC2FD5F3AC6" authority="O'Shea, Allison & Kaiser" authorityName="O'Shea, Allison & Kaiser" authorityYear="2018" box="[254,702,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumehanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2E43EC2FE7B3AC6" box="[254,410,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. pumehanae</emphasis>
|
||
O’Shea, Allison & Kaiser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the prefrontal distinct from (vs. fused to) the internasal; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF2CE3EEFFE203AA3" authority="Kraus" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2009" box="[212,449,185,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachysomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2CE3EEFFE993AA4" box="[212,376,185,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. pachysomus</emphasis>
|
||
Kraus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its slender habitus (vs. robust in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1493EEFFC163AA4" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2009" box="[851,1015,185,211]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachysomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1493EEFFC163AA4" box="[851,1015,185,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. pachysomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in having the internasal and preocular not in contact (vs. internasal and preocular in contact in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1423E88FC1C3A81" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2009" box="[856,1021,220,246]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachysomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1423E88FC1C3A81" box="[856,1021,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. pachysomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF6983E88FA773A81" box="[1154,1430,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF6983E88FAF83A81" authorityName="O'Shea, Parker & Kaiser" authorityYear="2015" box="[1154,1305,221,246]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernstmayri">T. ernstmayri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF73E3E88FA773A81" box="[1316,1430,220,246]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">T. grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF2D23EAAFDE33B6E" authority="McDowell" authorityName="McDowell" box="[200,514,255,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spilolepidotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2D23EAAFE603B6E" box="[200,385,255,281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. spilolepidotus</emphasis>
|
||
McDowell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its unspotted, uniformly gray or brown dorsal color (vs. yellow brown spotted with dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF36E3F77FDE93B4C" authorityName="O'Shea, Parker & Kaiser" authorityYear="2015" box="[372,520,290,315]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernstmayri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF36E3F77FDE93B4C" box="[372,520,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. ernstmayri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dark brown with whitish blotches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1AB3F77FBC23B4C" box="[945,1059,289,315]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1AB3F77FBC23B4C" box="[945,1059,289,315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, black with each scale containing a pale-yellow spot in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3923F10FDA03B29" box="[392,577,324,350]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spilolepidotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3923F10FDA03B29" box="[392,577,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. spilolepidotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD3F32FE1D3956" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF2DD3F32FE3F3BF7" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,478,359,385]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2DD3F32FE3F3BF7" box="[199,478,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar in scalation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1203F32FC783BF6" box="[826,921,359,385]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1203F32FC783BF6" box="[826,921,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1B23F32FBDA3BF7" baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[936,1083,359,384]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1B23F32FBDA3BF7" box="[936,1083,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and nomina currently synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3013FDFFE9B3BD4" box="[283,378,393,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3013FDFFE9B3BD4" box="[283,378,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3903FDCFD953BD4" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[394,628,393,419]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pratti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3903FDCFD953BD4" box="[394,628,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Apistocalamus pratti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0983FDFFCC03BD4" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[642,801,393,420]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0983FDFFCC03BD4" box="[642,801,393,420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1353FDFFC263BD4" baseAuthorityName="Kinghorn" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[815,967,393,420]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1353FDFFC263BD4" box="[815,967,393,420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. lamingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF61F3FDCFAA53BD4" baseAuthorityName="Lonnberg" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1029,1348,393,419]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Pseudapistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF61F3FDCFAA53BD4" box="[1029,1348,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Pseudapistocalamus nymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF31C3FF9FE7F3BB1" baseAuthorityName="Kinghorn" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[262,414,428,454]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF31C3FF9FE7F3BB1" box="[262,414,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. lamingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a divided (vs. single) anal plate and from all the remainder except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF6E73FF9FA7D3BB1" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1277,1436,428,454]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF6E73FF9FA7D3BB1" box="[1277,1436,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the preocular not contacting the nasal due to contact between the prefrontal and second supralabial (vs. preocular contacting nasal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3FE3FA7FDA5387C" box="[484,580,497,523]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3FE3FA7FDA5387C" box="[484,580,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0663FA7FCEE387C" baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[636,783,498,523]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0663FA7FCEE387C" box="[636,783,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF15C3FA7FC07387C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[838,998,497,524]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF15C3FA7FC07387C" box="[838,998,497,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the preocular and nasal scales may or may not be in contact, being narrowly separated in BMNH 1946.1.18.24 on the right side and in point contact on the left; they are in contact in BMNH 1946.1.18.25–26.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF11E3C62FBF83827" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[772,1049,567,593]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF11E3C62FBF83827" box="[772,1049,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF6B03C62FAA93826" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1194,1352,567,593]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF6B03C62FAA93826" box="[1194,1352,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer ventrals (170–181 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF0133C0CFD6B3804" box="[521,650,601,627]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4991" metricValueMax="5.587999999999999" metricValueMin="5.4102" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="216.5" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="213.0">213–220 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0883C0FFCD23804" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[658,819,601,628]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0883C0FFCD23804" box="[658,819,601,628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a gray or yellow venter with each ventral barred in darker gray (vs. uniform bright yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0923C29FCC938E1" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[648,808,636,662]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loennbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0923C29FCC938E1" box="[648,808,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. loennbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF1253C29FBB438E1" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[831,1109,636,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF1253C29FBB438E1" box="[831,1109,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF7243C28FA7D38E1" box="[1342,1436,636,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF7243C28FA7D38E1" box="[1342,1436,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF2CA3CCAFECC38CF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[208,301,671,697]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Apistocalamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pratti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2CA3CCAFECC38CF" box="[208,301,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">A. pratti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in having a gray or yellow venter with each ventral barred in darker gray (vs. yellow, usually with a mid-ventral row of brown spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0023C97FD9438AC" box="[536,629,705,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0023C97FD9438AC" box="[536,629,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. loriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF0F53C97FC6038AC" baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[751,897,706,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF0F53C97FC6038AC" box="[751,897,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (SVL up to
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF6D43C94FAF538AC" box="[1230,1300,705,731]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2268199999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="483.0">483 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF7033C97FA7D38AC" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[1305,1436,706,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF7033C97FA7D38AC" box="[1305,1436,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. up to
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF2E43CB1FEA73889" box="[254,326,740,767]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6129" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="635.0">635 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3563CB0FE3E3889" baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[332,479,741,766]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3563CB0FE3E3889" box="[332,479,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and paler dorsal color (medium gray or brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF6033CB0FB7C3889" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[1049,1181,741,766]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF6033CB0FB7C3889" box="[1049,1181,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. dark charcoal gray or gray brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6FFFACF3403D52FE0D3957" baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[346,492,775,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF3403D52FE0D3957" box="[346,492,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">T. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89D65236A6FFFADF2DD3D7CFDF43DA1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD3D7CFD073E94" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2DD3D7CFE113934" bold="true" box="[199,496,809,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6FFFACF3663D7CFE0A3934" box="[380,491,809,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female. Rostral broader (
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF17B3D7CFC5D3933" box="[865,956,809,836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than high (2.1), notched ventromedially; internasals angulate, semi-triangular, wider (right 2.1, left 2.0) than long (right 1.4, left 1.3); prefrontals distinct from preoculars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A6FFFACF3403D3AFE5239FE" box="[346,435,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,953,977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,190,922]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[151,1435,181,929]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Lateral, and (B) dorsal views of the holotype of Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. (BPBM 17988). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412852/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), longer than wide (2.7 x 2.4 on right), bordered below by preocular, second supralabial, and nasal; preoculars elongate, narrower anteriorly, twice as long as deep, bordered anteriorly by second supralabial; frontal shield-shaped, not fused with supraoculars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A6FFFACF0CD3DE1FCCF39B9" box="[727,814,948,974]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,953,977]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,190,922]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[151,1435,181,929]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Lateral, and (B) dorsal views of the holotype of Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. (BPBM 17988). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412852/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); parietals more than twice as long as wide (length 6.7, width 2.9 on right). Nasals divided by large nares, each with shallow groove below naris, but shallow groove above naris only on left side, naris reaching top of right nasal scale; postocular single, crescentic, approximately same size as eye; one elongate anterior temporal lies above fifth and sixth supralabials, separating the latter from parietal; two posterior temporals, upper larger, lower abutting posterodorsal margin of sixth supralabial. Supralabials six, third and fourth contacting eye; infralabials six, first three in contact with anterior genial. Mental small, shallow, triangular, wider (2.2) than deep (0.9); anterior genial longer (2.9) than posterior (2.6); posterior genials separated along posterior length by single diamond-shaped intergenial; first two gulars separate posterior genials from fifth infralabials. Eye relatively small (1.25); pupil round.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD3AB9FED33F19" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Dorsal scale rows 15-15-15, smooth, un-notched posteriorly, without apical pits. Ventrals 177, each approximately four times wider than long; anal divided; subcaudals 33. Dorsal scales on tail reduced to nine rows at level of subcaudal 3, to six rows at level of subcaudal 11, and to five rows at level of subcaudal 25. Tail tipped by a blunt conical spine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD3B22FE843C49" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">In preservative, dorsum uniformly medium brown, each scale tipped posteriorly with dark brown; each ventral scale pale straw-yellow stippled with a narrow band of brown along anterior margin, giving the venter a pale yellowand-brown appearance. Brown ventral banding gradually increasing posteriorly; each subcaudal darker brown with narrow pale straw-yellow posteriorly. Supralabials pale yellow suffused with brown on fifth and sixth supralabials and lower posterior temporal. Chin pale straw yellow with brown suffusion on mental, infralabials, and anterior genials. Iris black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD3812FB533CF3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2DD3812FD9C3C16" box="[199,637,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6FFFACF3A83812FDF83C16" box="[434,537,1607,1633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—Total length = 546, snout-vent length = 483, tail length = 63, eye-naris distance = 3.4, internarial distance = 3.0, eye width = 1.25, head length = 12.5, mass =
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF67F383CFB4F3CF3" box="[1125,1198,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="g" value="51.5">51.5 g</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6FFFACF2DD38D9FC7C3DCA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6FFFACF2DD38D9FEDE3CD1" bold="true" box="[199,319,1676,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult specimens vary in SVL from
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF0D538D9FC873CD0" box="[719,870,1676,1703]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.515" metricValueMax="4.83" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="451.5" valueMax="483.0" valueMin="420.0">420–483 mm</quantity>
|
||
; the sole juvenile has an SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF6D538D9FACA3CD0" box="[1231,1323,1676,1703]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="207.0">207 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0503136A6FFFACF72238D9FA6A3CD1" box="[1336,1419,1676,1702]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1061,1085]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural and meristic data for the type series of Toxicocalamus mattisoni. Measurements were taken imme-" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" tableUuid="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The juvenile had a mass of
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF3DE38FAFE1C3CBE" box="[452,509,1711,1737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="g" value="4.9">4.9 g</quantity>
|
||
; the adults varied from
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A6FFFACF11A38FBFC663CBE" box="[768,903,1710,1737]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.645" metricValueMax="5.15" metricValueMin="2.1399999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="g" value="36.45" valueMax="51.5" valueMin="21.4">21.4–51.5 g</quantity>
|
||
. Scalational variation is minor (
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0503136A6FFFACF6FF38FAFAD63CBE" box="[1253,1335,1711,1737]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1061,1085]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural and meristic data for the type series of Toxicocalamus mattisoni. Measurements were taken imme-" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" tableUuid="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). BPBM 18165 has the anterior half of the anterior temporal on each side fused to the sixth supralabial. Two specimens have a tiny third posterior temporal inserted at the posterior end of the anterior temporal (
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0503136A6FFFACF65838A1FB743D79" box="[1090,1173,1780,1806]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1061,1085]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural and meristic data for the type series of Toxicocalamus mattisoni. Measurements were taken imme-" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" tableUuid="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In preservative, color variation is minimal. The juvenile is medium gray above, whereas the adults are brown. The dark ventral banding varies from light to heavy but typically covers two-thirds of each ventral. There is a trace of a nuchal collar in most specimens, but it is typically confined to the sides of the neck and is slightly paler brown than the surrounding dorsum; only in the juvenile does the collar have much yellow on the sides. The supralabials are straw yellow suffused with brown in the adults but lack the brown suffusion in the juvenile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3DECFF043982" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412852/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" startId="3.[151,250,953,977]" targetBox="[156,1428,190,922]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6EFFADF28D3DECFF043982" blockId="3.[151,1436,953,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF28D3DECFEF539A6" bold="true" box="[151,276,953,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Lateral, and (B) dorsal views of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6EFFADF12C3DECFBD339A6" authority="Kraus, 2020" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[822,1074,953,977]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF12C3DECFBD339A6" box="[822,1074,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF6233DECFB6A39A6" bold="true" box="[1081,1163,953,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9C057C16A6EFFADF6233DECFB6A39A6" box="[1081,1163,953,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BPBM 17988). Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" ID-Table-UUID="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" box="[151,1437,1061,1086]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" targetBox="[166,1417,1137,1716]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6EFFADF28D3A70FA7C3E4A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1061,1086]" box="[151,1437,1061,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF28D3A70FEEA3E4A" bold="true" box="[151,267,1061,1085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural and meristic data for the type series of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF13B3A70FBD33E4A" box="[801,1074,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A6EFFADF13B3A70FBCF3E4A" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[801,1070,1061,1085]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements were taken imme-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F866206A6EFFADF28D3A1CFAD93E15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537671" box="[151,1336,1097,1122]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" startId="3.[151,224,1097,1121]" targetBox="[156,1428,190,922]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6EFFADF28D3A1CFAD93E15" blockId="3.[151,1336,1097,1122]" box="[151,1336,1097,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">diately after euthanasia, except for BPBM 18165, which was measured subsequent to preservation and storage.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6EFFADF2BC3A24FA893CC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<table id="E287C4086A6E0051F2BC3A24FA683CC3" box="[166,1417,1137,1716]" gridcols="8" gridrows="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3A24FA683EDA" box="[166,1417,1137,1197]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3A24FE633EDA" box="[166,386,1137,1197]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3A24FDFA3EDA" box="[469,539,1137,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 17987</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3A24FD4C3EDA" box="[615,685,1137,1197]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 17988</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33A24FCDE3EDA" box="[761,831,1137,1197]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 17989</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913A24FC303EDA" box="[907,977,1137,1197]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 18164</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073A24FB823EDA" box="[1053,1123,1137,1197]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 18165</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53A24FB143EDA" box="[1199,1269,1137,1197]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">BPBM 18166</th>
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343A24FA683EDA" box="[1326,1417,1137,1197]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">PNGNM R-25152</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3AEBFA683EA1" box="[166,1417,1214,1238]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3AEBFE633EA1" box="[166,386,1214,1238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Sex</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3AEBFDFA3EA1" box="[469,539,1214,1238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">M</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3AEBFD4C3EA1" box="[615,685,1214,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">F</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33AEBFCDE3EA1" box="[761,831,1214,1238]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">F</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913AEBFC303EA1" box="[907,977,1214,1238]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">F</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073AEBFB823EA1" box="[1053,1123,1214,1238]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">F</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53AEBFB143EA1" box="[1199,1269,1214,1238]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">F</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343AEBFA683EA1" box="[1326,1417,1214,1238]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3AB3FA683E89" box="[166,1417,1254,1278]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3AB3FE633E89" box="[166,386,1254,1278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">SVL (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3AB3FDFA3E89" box="[469,539,1254,1278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">207</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3AB3FD4C3E89" box="[615,685,1254,1278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">483</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33AB3FCDE3E89" box="[761,831,1254,1278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">473</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913AB3FC303E89" box="[907,977,1254,1278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">420</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073AB3FB823E89" box="[1053,1123,1254,1278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">427</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53AB3FB143E89" box="[1199,1269,1254,1278]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">431</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3B5BFA683F51" box="[166,1417,1294,1318]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3B5BFE633F51" box="[166,386,1294,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Tail L (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3B5BFDFA3F51" box="[469,539,1294,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">38</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3B5BFD4C3F51" box="[615,685,1294,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">63</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33B5BFCDE3F51" box="[761,831,1294,1318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">68</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913B5BFC303F51" box="[907,977,1294,1318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">65</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073B5BFB823F51" box="[1053,1123,1294,1318]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">65</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53B5BFB143F51" box="[1199,1269,1294,1318]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">63.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3B63FA683F39" box="[166,1417,1334,1358]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3B63FE633F39" box="[166,386,1334,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Mass (g)</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3B63FDFA3F39" box="[469,539,1334,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3B63FD4C3F39" box="[615,685,1334,1358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">51.5</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33B63FCDE3F39" box="[761,831,1334,1358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">28.2</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913B63FC303F39" box="[907,977,1334,1358]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">31.3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073B63FB823F39" box="[1053,1123,1334,1358]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">40.9</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53B63FB143F39" box="[1199,1269,1334,1358]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">21.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3B0AFA683F00" box="[166,1417,1375,1399]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3B0AFE633F00" box="[166,386,1375,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Preoculars</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3B0AFDFA3F00" box="[469,539,1375,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3B0AFD4C3F00" box="[615,685,1375,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33B0AFCDE3F00" box="[761,831,1375,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913B0AFC303F00" box="[907,977,1375,1399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073B0AFB823F00" box="[1053,1123,1375,1399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53B0AFB143F00" box="[1199,1269,1375,1399]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343B0AFA683F00" box="[1326,1417,1375,1399]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3BD2FA683FE8" box="[166,1417,1415,1439]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3BD2FE633FE8" box="[166,386,1415,1439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Postoculars</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3BD2FDFA3FE8" box="[469,539,1415,1439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3BD2FD4C3FE8" box="[615,685,1415,1439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33BD2FCDE3FE8" box="[761,831,1415,1439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913BD2FC303FE8" box="[907,977,1415,1439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073BD2FB823FE8" box="[1053,1123,1415,1439]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53BD2FB143FE8" box="[1199,1269,1415,1439]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343BD2FA683FE8" box="[1326,1417,1415,1439]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3BFAFA683FB0" box="[166,1417,1455,1479]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3BFAFE633FB0" box="[166,386,1455,1479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Supralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3BFAFDFA3FB0" box="[469,539,1455,1479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3BFAFD4C3FB0" box="[615,685,1455,1479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33BFAFCDE3FB0" box="[761,831,1455,1479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913BFAFC303FB0" box="[907,977,1455,1479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073BFAFB823FB0" box="[1053,1123,1455,1479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53BFAFB143FB0" box="[1199,1269,1455,1479]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343BFAFA683FB0" box="[1326,1417,1455,1479]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3B82FA683F98" box="[166,1417,1495,1519]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3B82FE633F98" box="[166,386,1495,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Infralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3B82FDFA3F98" box="[469,539,1495,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3B82FD4C3F98" box="[615,685,1495,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33B82FCDE3F98" box="[761,831,1495,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913B82FC303F98" box="[907,977,1495,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073B82FB823F98" box="[1053,1123,1495,1519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53B82FB143F98" box="[1199,1269,1495,1519]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343B82FA683F98" box="[1326,1417,1495,1519]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3BAAFA683C4C" box="[166,1417,1535,1595]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3BAAFE633C4C" box="[166,386,1535,1595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Infralabials in contact with anterior genials</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3BAAFDFA3C4C" box="[469,539,1535,1595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3BAAFD4C3C4C" box="[615,685,1535,1595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33BAAFCDE3C4C" box="[761,831,1535,1595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913BAAFC303C4C" box="[907,977,1535,1595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073BAAFB823C4C" box="[1053,1123,1535,1595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53BAAFB143C4C" box="[1199,1269,1535,1595]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343BAAFA683C4C" box="[1326,1417,1535,1595]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3819FA683C13" box="[166,1417,1612,1636]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3819FE633C13" box="[166,386,1612,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Posterior temporals</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3819FDFA3C13" box="[469,539,1612,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">2</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3819FD4C3C13" box="[615,685,1612,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">2</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33819FCDE3C13" box="[761,831,1612,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913819FC303C13" box="[907,977,1612,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">3</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073819FB823C13" box="[1053,1123,1612,1636]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">2</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53819FB143C13" box="[1199,1269,1612,1636]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC3821FA683CFB" box="[166,1417,1652,1676]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC3821FE633CFB" box="[166,386,1652,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Ventrals</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF3821FDFA3CFB" box="[469,539,1652,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">170</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D3821FD4C3CFB" box="[615,685,1652,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">177</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E33821FCDE3CFB" box="[761,831,1652,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">178</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F1913821FC303CFB" box="[907,977,1652,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">173</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6073821FB823CFB" box="[1053,1123,1652,1676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">178</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B53821FB143CFB" box="[1199,1269,1652,1676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">181</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F7343821FA683CFB" box="[1326,1417,1652,1676]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">174</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2EB734EA6A6E0051F2BC38C9FA683CC3" box="[166,1417,1692,1716]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<th id="6D665D966A6E0051F2BC38C9FE633CC3" box="[166,386,1692,1716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Subcaudals</th>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F3CF38C9FDFA3CC3" box="[469,539,1692,1716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">47</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F07D38C9FD4C3CC3" box="[615,685,1692,1716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">33</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F0E338C9FCDE3CC3" box="[761,831,1692,1716]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">35</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F19138C9FC303CC3" box="[907,977,1692,1716]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">35</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F60738C9FB823CC3" box="[1053,1123,1692,1716]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">36</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F6B538C9FB143CC3" box="[1199,1269,1692,1716]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">33</td>
|
||
<td id="6D665D966A6E0051F73438C9FA683CC3" box="[1326,1417,1692,1716]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A6EFFADF2DD38B1FDF43DA1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1764,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A6EFFADF2DD38B1FE8B3C89" bold="true" box="[199,362,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Color in Life.</emphasis>
|
||
From notes in life, I described the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6EFFADF0E738B1FCBE3C89" box="[765,863,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as “Dorsum olive brown. Head black. Lips lemon yellow, remainder of belly light yellow, with gray suffusion anteriorly. Under tail charcoal gray.” Small amounts of yellow can be seen on the prefrontals of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6EFFADF0AA3979FCF33D31" box="[688,786,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in a photo of that animal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A6EFFADF6593979FB6B3D31" box="[1091,1162,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1167,1191]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[151,1436,181,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Portrait of head and body of the holotype (BPBM 17988) of Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412854/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6EFFADF6FC3979FAA73D31" box="[1254,1350,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
BPBM 17989 had a gray dorsum changing to olive brown on lower sides; venter dusky yellow-orange with each ventral having a gray anterior margin; black under the tail; lips and nuchal collar dusky yellow-orange. The juvenile
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F3C880A6A6EFFADF7793921FF263DC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(BPBM 17987) was: “Dorsum gray, darker on head. Lips lemon yellow, chin yellow with gray cast, remainder of venter gray with purplish cast.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C4F866206A69FFAAF28D3ADAFAFD3ED0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412854" box="[151,1308,1167,1191]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412854/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" startId="4.[151,250,1167,1191]" targetBox="[153,1434,182,1143]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A69FFAAF28D3ADAFAFD3ED0" blockId="4.[151,1308,1167,1191]" box="[151,1308,1167,1191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF28D3ADAFEF23ED0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1167,1191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Portrait of head and body of the holotype (BPBM 17988) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57874D2B6A69FFAAF19A3ADAFB9A3ED0" authority="Kraus, 2020" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2020" box="[896,1147,1167,1191]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Toxicocalamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattisoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF19A3ADAFB9A3ED0" box="[896,1147,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Toxicocalamus mattisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF6983ADAFB333ED0" bold="true" box="[1154,1234,1167,1191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9C057C16A69FFAAF6983ADAFB333ED0" box="[1154,1234,1167,1191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89D65236A69FFAAF2DD3A80FDAC3F64" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A69FFAAF2DD3A80FDAC3F64" blockId="4.[151,1436,1237,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF2DD3A80FEAF3E98" bold="true" box="[199,334,1237,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
I take great pleasure in naming this snake for my friend Dr. Erik Mattison, who has generously supported my research in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89076386A69FFAAF3EE3AACFDA83F64" box="[500,585,1273,1299]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89D65236A69FFAAF2DD3B48FA6F3C78" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A69FFAAF2DD3B48FF343F08" blockId="4.[151,1436,1237,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF2DD3B48FE803F40" bold="true" box="[199,353,1309,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from mid-elevations on the north slope of Mt. Simpson between
|
||
<quantity id="577F9B4D6A69FFAAF6DB3B48FABA3F4F" box="[1217,1371,1309,1336]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" unit="m" value="1395.0" valueMax="1490.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1490 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5243F84A6A69FFAAF28D3B14FE9C3F2C" box="[151,381,1345,1372]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Milne Bay" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Milne Bay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89076386A69FFAAF3933B17FD823F2C" box="[393,611,1345,1372]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A69FFAAF0693B14FD583F2C" box="[627,697,1345,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[303,1303,711,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-269@5.[283,1303,669,1251]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of southeastern New Guinea, showing the type locality for Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. (star) and localities for its putative close relatives: T. loriae (circles), T. mintoni (triangle), T. nigrescens (diamonds), T. pachysomus (square), and T. “loriae” Clade 4 (hexagon) Contours are white <1000 m, pale gray 1000–1500 m, medium gray 1500–2000 m, and dark gray>2000 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Likely to occur across the Mt. Simpson massif at similar elevations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903836A86A69FFAAF2DD3BDCFA6F3C78" blockId="4.[151,1436,1237,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2F3EABA6A69FFAAF2DD3BDCFE743FD4" bold="true" box="[199,405,1417,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Ecological Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Most animals were brought in by local villagers who obtained them while gardening near Bunisi and Siyomu (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A69FFAAF39A3BF8FE333FB0" box="[384,466,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,338,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[214,1374,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitats of Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. (A) View of Bunisi, showing the cleared grasslands and gardens near the village, with forest farther afield; and (B) view of Mt. Simpson (right), showing a cleared garden area in the foreground; Camp 2 was in the forest several dozen meters to the left of this photo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412858/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
), but BPBM 18164 came from primary rainforest above Bunisi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08BC2A2D6A69FFAAF6B53BF8FAE53FBF" box="[1199,1284,1453,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,338,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[214,1374,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitats of Toxicocalamus mattisoni sp. nov. (A) View of Bunisi, showing the cleared grasslands and gardens near the village, with forest farther afield; and (B) view of Mt. Simpson (right), showing a cleared garden area in the foreground; Camp 2 was in the forest several dozen meters to the left of this photo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412858/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species clearly has a broad habitat tolerance and seemed common, given the rate at which animals were obtained (seven animals in four days). It is unknown whether the animals were active or sheltering when collected during the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |