treatments-xml/data/18/23/87/182387A809C6FF3C51F6F8E70560F871.xml

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<mods:title id="990072280B822C9D67C0E23695E1C5BD">Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C6FF3551F6F8E700E6F8D5" authority="Stal" box="[151,433,1844,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C6FF3551F6F8E7002EF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,377,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Gryllus lineaticeps</emphasis>
Stål
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<paragraph id="903536BE09C6FF3551F6F88B00D9F8E9" blockId="167.[151,433,1844,1943]" box="[151,398,1881,1907]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Variable Field Cricket</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09C6FF3551F6F8AF0064F80D" box="[151,307,1917,1943]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 170" captionStart-1="FIGURE 171" captionStart-2="FIGURE 172" captionStart-3="FIGURE 173" captionStart-4="FIGURE 174" captionStart-5="FIGURE 175" captionStart-6="FIGURE 176" captionStart-7="FIGURE 177" captionStart-8="FIGURE 178" captionStartId-0="168.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionStartId-1="169.[151,250,1625,1650]" captionStartId-2="170.[151,250,1476,1501]" captionStartId-3="171.[151,250,1032,1057]" captionStartId-4="171.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionStartId-5="172.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionStartId-6="173.[151,250,1815,1840]" captionStartId-7="174.[151,250,1642,1667]" captionStartId-8="175.[151,250,1534,1559]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1383,247,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1187,252,1533]" captionTargetBox-2="[310,1383,166,1455]" captionTargetBox-3="[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1421,1136,1844]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1399,164,1128]" captionTargetBox-6="[179,1412,743,1777]" captionTargetBox-7="[284,1300,369,1599]" captionTargetId-0="figure@168.[151,1435,166,1879]" captionTargetId-1="figure@169.[151,1231,166,1605]" captionTargetId-2="figure@170.[151,1435,166,1456]" captionTargetId-3="figure@171.[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetId-4="figure@171.[151,1421,1136,1844]" captionTargetId-5="figure@172.[151,1435,164,1128]" captionTargetId-6="figure@173.[151,1435,726,1796]" captionTargetId-7="figure@174.[234,1354,345,1065]" captionTargetId-8="figure@175.[340,1247,164,1512]" captionTargetPageId-0="168" captionTargetPageId-1="169" captionTargetPageId-2="170" captionTargetPageId-3="171" captionTargetPageId-4="171" captionTargetPageId-5="172" captionTargetPageId-6="173" captionTargetPageId-7="174" captionTargetPageId-8="175" captionText-0="FIGURE 170. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lineaticeps, (B) G. personatus, and (C) G. staccato. (A) G. lineaticeps: (R11-15) Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 24°C; (B) G. personatus: (R07-74) from Alpine, TX (S07-41), recorded at 25°C; (C) G. staccato (R15-291) from Gila Bend, AZ (S15-111), recorded at 25.1°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 171. One second spectrograms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lineaticeps, (B) G. personatus, and (C) G. staccato, same males as in Fig. 170." captionText-2="FIGURE 172. Known distribution (from Gray et al. 2016b) showing, basically, allopatric localities of the three Lineaticeps Group taxa." captionText-3="FIGURE 173. Separation of species within the Lineaticeps Group by song (from Gray et al. 2016b). Most points represent lab-reared individuals; therefore, it is possible that field-caught individuals (see Table 1, p. 18) would show somewhat less clear separation given known effects of developmental temperature on song in field crickets (Walker 2000)." captionText-4="FIGURE 174. ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for G. lineaticeps samples: S00-15, Guadalupe Island, Mexico (G273); S04-64 (G352); S05-39 (G463); S09-28 (G1303); S09-37 (G1315). Collection stop numbers for G. personatus samples: S99- 84, Durango, Mexico (G393); S03-127, from Coahuila, Mexico (G75, G76); S07-41 (G1014); S09-58 (G1372); S09-151, from near Janos, Mexico (G1462, G1463); S16-6 (G3371). Collection stop numbers for G. staccato samples: S04-121 (G376); S09- 54 (G1397); S09-103 (G1407); S11-102 (G2186). See also Gray et al. (2016b)." captionText-5="FIGURE 175. Neotype male of G. lineaticeps, with labels." captionText-6="FIGURE 176. Calling song (R11-15) of G. lineaticeps from Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 25°C; lower panel shows structure of a single chirp." captionText-7="FIGURE 177. Color variation in G. lineaticeps: Reddish male (A) and female (C) from Madera Co., CA (S15-91); black male (B) from Tuolumne Co., CA (S10-13)." captionText-8="FIGURE 178. Known US distribution of G. lineaticeps." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563998" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564000" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564002" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564004" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564006" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564008" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564010" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564014" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616187" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563998/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3564000/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3564002/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3564004/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3564006/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3564008/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3564010/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3564014/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3616187/files/figure.png" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Figs 170–178</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="DD08030509C6FF35505FF8AF00C6F80D" box="[318,401,1917,1943]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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1860 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C6FF3551B2F813035FF840" authority="Stal, 1861" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[211,520,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C6FF3551B2F81300C2F843" box="[211,405,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Gryllus lineaticeps</emphasis>
Stål, 1861
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[1860]. Kongliga Svenska fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befäl af 
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åren 
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<collectingDate id="F470E99609C6FF355021F80D00E2F862" box="[320,437,2015,2040]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" value="1851" valueMax="1853">1851–1853</collectingDate>
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. Zoologi 1. p. 314. Type locality: 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09C8FF3B504EF90C00CFF96D" box="[303,408,1758,1783]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">California</collectingRegion>
, San Francisco. Type female lost according to 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09C8FF3B5211F90C0570F96D" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[880,1063,1758,1783]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander (1957)</bibRefCitation>
. 
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male (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09C8FF3B55ADF90C0475F96D" box="[1228,1314,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 175" captionStartId="172.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,164,1128]" captionTargetId="figure@172.[151,1435,164,1128]" captionTargetPageId="172" captionText="FIGURE 175. Neotype male of G. lineaticeps, with labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564008/files/figure.png" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Fig. 175</figureCitation>
) designated by 
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B5033F92C002AF88C" box="[338,381,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. (1980): “ 
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, 
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, Palo Alto, Stanford University campus, Lake Lagunita, 
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<collectingDate id="F470E99609C8FF3B544AF92F04CEF88C" box="[1323,1433,1789,1814]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" value="1979-07-04">4-vii-1979</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<collectorName id="3D7F536809C8FF3B51A6F8CE00C0F8AF" box="[199,407,1820,1845]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">David B. Weissman</collectorName>
,” 
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Entomology type #13221. Body length 
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; right tegmen removed, file with 136 teeth, 
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long.
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A51F6F8B90079F81E" bold="true" box="[151,302,1899,1924]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 170.</emphasis>
Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A520AF8BF02AEF81E" box="[875,1017,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A520AF8BF02AEF81E" box="[875,1017,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
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, (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A5551F8BF05E8F81E" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1072,1215,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A5551F8BF05E8F81E" box="[1072,1215,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. personatus</emphasis>
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, and (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A5443F8BF04C2F81E" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1314,1429,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A5443F8BF04C2F81E" box="[1314,1429,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. staccato</emphasis>
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. (A) 
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A51A3F8430006F832" box="[194,337,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
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: (R11-15) Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 24°C; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A528DF843052CF832" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1004,1147,1937,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A528DF843052CF832" box="[1004,1147,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. personatus</emphasis>
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: (R07-74) from Alpine, TX (S07-41), recorded at 25°C; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A50BEF8670305F856" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[479,594,1973,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C9FF3A50BEF8670305F856" box="[479,594,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R15-291) from 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C9FF3A5261F861023DF856" authority="Bend" authorityName="Bend, S" authorityYear="1700" box="[768,874,1971,1996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gila Bend</taxonomicName>
, AZ (S15-111), recorded at 25.1°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F5663609C8FF3B51F6F98B00F3F90C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564000" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564000/files/figure.png" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" startId="169.[151,250,1625,1650]" targetBox="[156,1187,252,1533]" targetPageId="169">
<paragraph id="903536BE09C8FF3B51F6F98B00F3F90C" blockId="169.[151,1436,1625,1686]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B51F6F98B007BF9E8" bold="true" box="[151,300,1625,1650]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 171.</emphasis>
One second spectrograms of typical calling songs of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B5215F9880556F9E8" box="[884,1025,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B5215F9880556F9E8" box="[884,1025,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (B) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B5554F9880594F9EB" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1077,1219,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B5554F9880594F9EB" box="[1077,1219,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and (C) 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B5442F98804C2F9EB" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1429,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B5442F98804C2F9EB" box="[1315,1429,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, same males as in Fig. 170.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE09C8FF3B51F6F88D032FF8ED" blockId="169.[151,1437,1758,2003]" box="[151,632,1886,1911]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
1977 ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B51B5F88C0073F8ED" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[212,292,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryllus</taxonomicName>
III’. 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09C8FF3B5038F88C0323F8ED" author="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F." box="[345,628,1886,1911]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="87 - 114" refId="ref168594" refString="Weissman, D. B. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. (1977 a) The Orthoptera of Stanford University's Jasper Ridge and neighboring Palo Alto, California. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 35, 87 - 114." type="journal article" year="1977">Weissman &amp; Rentz (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09C8FF3B51F6F8AC03D0F80C" blockId="169.[151,1437,1758,2003]" box="[151,647,1917,1942]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
1980 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B51AEF8AC00AAF80C" authority="Weissman" authorityName="Weissman" box="[207,509,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B51AEF8AC00C7F80C" box="[207,400,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Gryllus lineaticeps</emphasis>
Weissman
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09C8FF3B5362F8AC037EF80F" box="[515,553,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et a</emphasis>
l. (1980).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09C8FF3B51F6F84E033BF82E" blockId="169.[151,1437,1758,2003]" box="[151,620,1948,1973]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
1981 ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B51B2F84E0074F82F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[211,291,1948,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryllus</taxonomicName>
III’. 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09C8FF3B5039F84F033FF82E" author="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Weissman, D. B." box="[344,616,1948,1973]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref166068" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Weissman, D. B. (1981) Faunal affinities, systematics, and bionomics of the Orthoptera of the California Channel Islands. University of California Publications in Entomology, 94, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="1981">Rentz &amp; Weissman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09C8FF3B51F6F86800B3F849" blockId="169.[151,1437,1758,2003]" box="[151,484,1978,2003]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
‘ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09C8FF3B51FAF86801BCF849" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[155,235,1978,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gryllus</taxonomicName>
#3’ of DBW notebooks.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F5663609CBFF3851F6FA160047F99A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564002/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" startId="170.[151,250,1476,1501]" targetBox="[310,1383,166,1455]" targetPageId="170">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CBFF3851F6FA160047F99A" blockId="170.[151,1436,1476,1537]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3851F6FA160078FA47" bold="true" box="[151,303,1476,1501]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 172.</emphasis>
Known distribution (from 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CBFF385328FA170255FA47" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Gutierrez, N. J. &amp; Chen, T. L. &amp; Gonzalez, C. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A." box="[585,770,1476,1501]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="192 - 205" refId="ref161429" refString="Gray, D. A., Gutierrez, N. J., Chen, T. L., Gonzalez, C., Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A. (2016 b) Species divergence in field crickets: genetics, song, ecomorphology, and pre- and postzygotic isolation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 192 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12668" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3853E5FA1703E5FA46" box="[644,690,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
. 2016b
</bibRefCitation>
) showing, basically, allopatric localities of the three Lineaticeps Group taxa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CBFF3851F6F9FD0384F9F7" blockId="170.[151,1437,1583,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3851F6F9FD007FF9D3" box="[151,296,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Distribution.</emphasis>
Restricted to southwestern Oregon, California (including all of the 8 California Channel Islands except San Miguel), and most of 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CBFF3850DDF981033DF9F7" box="[444,618,1619,1645]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Baja California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E09CBFF385314F9810399F9F7" box="[629,718,1619,1645]" name="Mexico" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CBFF3851A6F9AA003BF860" blockId="170.[151,1437,1583,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3851A6F9AA0314F90B" box="[199,579,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Recognition characters and song.</emphasis>
Medium to very large crickets (see 
<tableCitation id="DD08030509CBFF3852B9F9A5057CF90B" box="[984,1067,1655,1681]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
, p. 18), widespread and ecologically diverse but prefer grassland habitats. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF385317F94903F9F92F" box="[630,686,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Song</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CBFF3853DCF949024BF92C" box="[701,796,1691,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 176" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1815,1840]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,743,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1435,726,1796]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 176. Calling song (R11-15) of G. lineaticeps from Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 25°C; lower panel shows structure of a single chirp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564010/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 176</figureCitation>
) loud, unique within its range: fast chirper, at 25°C, typically with 6 to 9 (range 5-11) pulses, frequently 150 to 250 chirps/min, pulse rate usually between 40-65 (range 32 to 83), dominant frequency 5 kHz. Two generations/year. Color variable, from red (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CBFF385516F931058EF967" box="[1143,1241,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 177" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1642,1667]" captionTargetBox="[284,1300,369,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@174.[234,1354,345,1065]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 177. Color variation in G. lineaticeps: Reddish male (A) and female (C) from Madera Co., CA (S15-91); black male (B) from Tuolumne Co., CA (S10-13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564014/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 177</figureCitation>
) to black, within a population and between generations: first generation winter and spring adults usually darker (many black) than summer adults (many tan to reddish brown). Among western 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E09CBFF38522CF8F90226F8DF" box="[845,881,1835,1861]" name="United States of America" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">US</collectingCountry>
taxa with a similar song, differs from sometimes sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CBFF38506EF89D009DF8F3" box="[271,458,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipulsator">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF38506EF89D009DF8F3" box="[271,458,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">G. multipulsator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has more pulses/chirp, slower chirp rate, dull (hirsute) pronotum and different microhabitat. Differs from allopatric sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CBFF3853B1F8A1023AF817" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[720,877,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3853B1F8A1023AF817" box="[720,877,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has a pale area around eye, longer ovipositor, slower chirp rate and essentially complete separation in dominant frequency (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CBFF38554EF84505D9F82B" box="[1071,1166,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1032,1057]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 173. Separation of species within the Lineaticeps Group by song (from Gray et al. 2016b). Most points represent lab-reared individuals; therefore, it is possible that field-caught individuals (see Table 1, p. 18) would show somewhat less clear separation given known effects of developmental temperature on song in field crickets (Walker 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564004/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CBFF3855A7F84504C7F828" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Gutierrez, N. J. &amp; Chen, T. L. &amp; Gonzalez, C. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A." box="[1222,1424,1943,1970]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="192 - 205" refId="ref161429" refString="Gray, D. A., Gutierrez, N. J., Chen, T. L., Gonzalez, C., Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A. (2016 b) Species divergence in field crickets: genetics, song, ecomorphology, and pre- and postzygotic isolation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 192 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12668" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF385467F84A0468F82B" box="[1286,1343,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
). Differs from allopatric sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CBFF385355F86903E4F84F" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[564,691,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF385355F86903E4F84F" box="[564,691,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has variable pulses/chirp and faster pulse rate (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CBFF38546EF869043AF84F" box="[1295,1389,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1032,1057]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[174,1413,166,1013]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 173. Separation of species within the Lineaticeps Group by song (from Gray et al. 2016b). Most points represent lab-reared individuals; therefore, it is possible that field-caught individuals (see Table 1, p. 18) would show somewhat less clear separation given known effects of developmental temperature on song in field crickets (Walker 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564004/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CBFF3851F6F80D0037F860" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Gutierrez, N. J. &amp; Chen, T. L. &amp; Gonzalez, C. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A." box="[151,352,2015,2042]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="192 - 205" refId="ref161429" refString="Gray, D. A., Gutierrez, N. J., Chen, T. L., Gonzalez, C., Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A. (2016 b) Species divergence in field crickets: genetics, song, ecomorphology, and pre- and postzygotic isolation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 192 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12668" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CBFF3851B7F8320059F863" box="[214,270,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F5663609CAFF3951F6FBDA05F5FBF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564004/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" startId="171.[151,250,1032,1057]" targetBox="[174,1413,166,1013]" targetPageId="171">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CAFF3951F6FBDA05F5FBF3" blockId="171.[151,1436,1032,1129]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF3951F6FBDA0078FBBB" bold="true" box="[151,303,1032,1057]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 173.</emphasis>
Separation of species within the Lineaticeps Group by song (from 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CAFF39528FFBDB05FDFBBB" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Gutierrez, N. J. &amp; Chen, T. L. &amp; Gonzalez, C. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A." box="[1006,1194,1032,1057]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="192 - 205" refId="ref161429" refString="Gray, D. A., Gutierrez, N. J., Chen, T. L., Gonzalez, C., Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A. (2016 b) Species divergence in field crickets: genetics, song, ecomorphology, and pre- and postzygotic isolation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 192 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12668" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF395548FBD8050FFBBB" box="[1065,1112,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
. 2016b
</bibRefCitation>
). Most points represent lab-reared individuals; therefore, it is possible that field-caught individuals (see Table 1, p. 18) would show somewhat less clear separation given known effects of developmental temperature on song in field crickets (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CAFF39556EFB8205C0FBF3" author="Walker, T. J." box="[1039,1175,1104,1129]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="565 - 572" refId="ref168041" refString="Walker, T. J. (2000) Pulse rates in the songs of trilling field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 565 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0565: PRITSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Walker 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F5663609CAFF3951F6F89A02ECF86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564006/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" startId="171.[151,250,1864,1889]" targetBox="[151,1421,1136,1844]" targetPageId="171">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CAFF3951F6F89A02ECF86B" blockId="171.[151,1436,1864,2033]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF3951F6F89A007BF8FB" bold="true" box="[151,300,1864,1889]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 174.</emphasis>
ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CAFF395392F89A02D6F8FB" box="[755,897,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF395392F89A02D6F8FB" bold="true" box="[755,897,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples: S00-15, Guadalupe Island, Mexico (G273); S04-64 (G352); S05-39 (G463); S09-28 (G1303); S09-37 (G1315). Collection stop numbers for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CAFF395515F8BE0452F81E" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1140,1285,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF395515F8BE0452F81E" bold="true" box="[1140,1285,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples: S99- 84, Durango, Mexico (G393); S03-127, from Coahuila, Mexico (G75, G76); S07-41 (G1014); S09-58 (G1372); S09-151, from near Janos, Mexico (G1462, G1463); S16-6 (G3371). Collection stop numbers for 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CAFF395281F8660504F856" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[992,1107,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF395281F8660504F856" bold="true" box="[992,1107,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples: S04-121 (G376); S09- 54 (G1397); S09-103 (G1407); S11-102 (G2186). See also 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CAFF395390F80B02E1F86B" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Gutierrez, N. J. &amp; Chen, T. L. &amp; Gonzalez, C. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A." box="[753,950,2008,2033]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="192 - 205" refId="ref161429" refString="Gray, D. A., Gutierrez, N. J., Chen, T. L., Gonzalez, C., Weissman, D. B. &amp; Cole, J. A. (2016 b) Species divergence in field crickets: genetics, song, ecomorphology, and pre- and postzygotic isolation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 192 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12668" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CAFF39524BF80B0200F86A" box="[810,855,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
. (2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F5663609CDFF3E51F6FBAF03A6FB0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564008" box="[151,753,1149,1175]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564008/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" startId="172.[151,250,1149,1174]" targetBox="[151,1399,164,1128]" targetPageId="172">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3E51F6FBAF03A6FB0C" blockId="172.[151,753,1149,1175]" box="[151,753,1149,1175]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51F6FBAF007AFB0C" bold="true" box="[151,301,1149,1174]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 175.</emphasis>
Neotype male of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E5083FBAC0338FB0C" box="[482,623,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E5083FBAC0338FB0C" box="[482,623,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3E51A6FB1705DFFAF4" blockId="172.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51A6FB1700F0FB44" box="[199,423,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
“line” = line; “ceps” = head or “lines on the head,” indicating that perhaps the lost 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C09CDFF3E545BFB1604CBFB44" box="[1338,1436,1220,1246]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
appeared as such. Second generation specimens (including the 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C09CDFF3E5200FB3B02EAFA99" box="[865,957,1257,1283]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, which is from Palo Alto, CA, or some 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CDFF3E54E1FB3A01ECFABC" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
south of the type locality), especially those light-colored individuals from hot, dry locales, frequently have dark, linear stripes on the head. This condition is also commonly found in the sister taxa 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E5527FAE305B3FAD0" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1094,1252,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E5527FAE305B3FAD0" box="[1094,1252,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E547DFAE304CBFAD0" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1308,1436,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E547DFAE304CBFAD0" box="[1308,1436,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is not restricted to these 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E50B2FA860370FAF4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[467,551,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E50B2FA860370FAF4" box="[467,551,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, or even to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E5214FA86029EFAF4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[885,969,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E5214FA86029EFAF4" box="[885,969,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CDFF3E5577FA8605D4FAF4" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[1046,1155,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3E51A6FAAA042FFA40" blockId="172.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51A6FAAA00CBFA08" box="[199,412,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Geographic range.</emphasis>
See 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CDFF3E50B0FAAA0366FA09" box="[465,561,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 178" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1534,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@175.[340,1247,164,1512]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 178. Known US distribution of G. lineaticeps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616187/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
. Generally west of the Sierra 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E521AFAAA0286FA08" box="[891,977,1400,1426]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Nevada</collectingRegion>
but individuals east of the Sierra 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E5426FAAA04CAFA08" box="[1351,1437,1400,1426]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Nevada</collectingRegion>
collected at Mono Lake (S78-125), Lone Pine (S78-117) and in the Mohave Desert at Barstow (S98-58 &amp; S98-77) and the town of Mohave (S05-117). Collected on all of the 8 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E5222FA1202E2FA40" box="[835,949,1472,1498]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">California</collectingRegion>
Channel Islands except for San Miguel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3E51A6FA360320F915" blockId="172.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51A6FA360073FA64" box="[199,292,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Habitat.</emphasis>
Easily the most common and loudest, low elevation, California summer grassland field cricket west of the Sierra Nevada. In winter and spring, late instars and newly molted adults of the first generation found under rocks and boards. In summer, males of the second generation sing from substrate cracks in grasslands, chaparral, coastal sage, oak-woodlands and around human habitation. Usually found below 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CDFF3E5547F983052CF9F1" box="[1062,1147,1617,1643]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
elevation, but found over 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CDFF3E51F6F9A701BBF915" box="[151,236,1653,1679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
in 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E09CDFF3E5071F9A60031F914" box="[272,358,1652,1678]" name="Mexico" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E508EF9A70377F914" box="[495,544,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al</emphasis>
. 1980).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3E51A6F94B04DAF8FC" blockId="172.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51A6F94B0336F928" box="[199,609,1688,1715]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Life cycle and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
No egg diapause (checked from Santa Clara Co., CA, S92-44) in either generation. Two generations/year (as least as far north as Santa Clara Co.). Overwinters as late instars with first adults in warmer parts of southern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E5341F93203C5F960" box="[544,658,1760,1786]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">California</collectingRegion>
singing during daytime as early as December. On 
<date id="E434107E09CDFF3E55ADF9320404F960" box="[1228,1363,1760,1786]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1996-12-17">17-xii-1996</date>
, a few newly molted adult males and females, plus hundreds of late instars, found at 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E5295F8D6053FF884" box="[1012,1128,1796,1822]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">California</collectingRegion>
, Monterey Co., Hwy 198 at mile post 15.0 (S96-111), 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CDFF3E50D6F8FA0367F8D9" box="[439,560,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" metricValueMax="4.57" metricValueMin="4.11" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="434.0" valueMax="457.0" valueMin="411.0">411-457 m</quantity>
elevation. Second generation numbers larger with adult males heard starting in early summer. Unknown if a second generation occurs in northern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E52E3F89E02A3F8FC" box="[898,1012,1868,1894]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">California</collectingRegion>
and southwestern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CDFF3E55A4F89F044EF8FD" box="[1221,1305,1869,1895]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Oregon</collectingRegion>
localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CDFF3F51A6F8A30590FF4D" blockId="172.[151,1437,1220,2039]" lastBlockId="173.[151,1437,152,719]" lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51A6F8A30060F810" box="[199,311,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Variation.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E505FF8A200D5F811" bold="true" box="[318,386,1904,1931]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Color</emphasis>
(see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CDFF3E50DEF8A20376F811" box="[447,545,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 177" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1642,1667]" captionTargetBox="[284,1300,369,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@174.[234,1354,345,1065]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 177. Color variation in G. lineaticeps: Reddish male (A) and female (C) from Madera Co., CA (S15-91); black male (B) from Tuolumne Co., CA (S10-13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564014/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 177</figureCitation>
): body, pronotum, head, wings, and hind femur usually variable between black to red within individuals at one locality. First generation individuals usually dark. Second generation, especially from dry, hot areas like the Central Valley, usually more reddish. Beach specimens generally light colored all over. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CDFF3E51F6F80E0066F86D" bold="true" box="[151,305,2012,2039]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Pulses/chirp.</emphasis>
One male (San Clemente Island, R18-16, S18-24) with 11 pulses/chirp, more than seen elsewhere for this taxon. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5077FF4A00E4FF29" bold="true" box="[278,435,152,179]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Wing length:</emphasis>
Variable. Of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD3709CCFF3F532FFF4B03E1FF29" box="[590,694,153,179]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="male">80 males</specimenCount>
, 16 had long hind wings. Of 
<specimenCount id="868CFD3709CCFF3F5564FF4B05D4FF29" box="[1029,1155,153,179]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="female">60 females</specimenCount>
, 18 had long hind wings including all 
<specimenCount id="868CFD3709CCFF3F504AFF6F00F2FF4D" box="[299,421,189,215]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
collected from California, Fresno Co., Coalinga (S98-86), 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F555DFF6F0594FF4D" box="[1084,1219,189,215]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1986-07-29">29-vii-1986</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CCFF3F51A6FF330561FDA5" blockId="173.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F51A6FF3300C5FF61" box="[199,402,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Specimens of note</emphasis>
(mostly from edges of distribution
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F527CFF330271FF61" box="[797,806,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">)</emphasis>
. Complete locality list not given because 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5461FF3304CBFF61" box="[1280,1436,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5461FF3304CBFF61" box="[1280,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common and widely distributed wherever it occurs.— 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F526CFED6029CFE85" bold="true" box="[781,971,260,287]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CCFF3F526CFED60291FE85" box="[781,966,260,287]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F52B3FED70528FE85" box="[978,1151,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">El Dorado Co.,</emphasis>
Finnon Reservoir, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5437FED70185FED9" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2005-03-29">29-iii- 2005</date>
, 2340’ (S05-39). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F50F4FEF8034EFED9" box="[405,537,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Fresno Co.,</emphasis>
Coalinga, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F53F5FEFB0277FED9" box="[660,800,297,323]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1998-08-29">29-viii-1998</date>
(S98-86); Jacalitos Canyon, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5507FEFB05A5FED9" box="[1126,1266,297,323]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1998-08-29">29-viii-1998</date>
(S98-82 &amp; 98- 83). 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F51ADFE9C00E3FEFD" authority="Co., Lone Pine" authorityName="Co., Lone Pine" box="[204,436,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Inyo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F51ADFE9C0063FEFD" box="[204,308,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Inyo Co.,</emphasis>
Lone Pine
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F50A1FE9E0369FEFD" box="[448,574,332,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1978-08-05">5-viii-1978</date>
(S78-117). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F53A7FE9C0262FEFD" box="[710,821,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Kern Co.,</emphasis>
Mohave, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F52C9FE9E0540FEFD" box="[936,1047,332,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2005-09-01">1-ix-2005</date>
(S05-117); Tehachapi, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5440FE9F04CFFEFD" box="[1313,1432,333,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2009-05-28">28-v-2009</date>
, 3320’ (S09-28). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F502EFEA30354FE11" box="[335,515,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Mendocino Co.,</emphasis>
<quantity id="57729B5B09CCFF3F536BFEA30362FE11" box="[522,565,369,395]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
E Longvale, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F53ADFEA3021AFE11" box="[716,845,369,395]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1980-08-02">2-viii-1980</date>
, 1000’ (S80-59). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5571FEA005D0FE11" box="[1040,1159,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Mono Co.,</emphasis>
Mono Lake, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F547FFEA304CBFE11" box="[1310,1436,369,395]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1978-08-07">7-viii-1978</date>
(S78-125). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5076FE4700A7FE35" box="[279,496,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">San Bernardino Co</emphasis>
., Barstow, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F530FFE4703AAFE35" box="[622,765,405,431]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1998-08-16">16-viii-1998</date>
, 2420’ (S98-58) &amp; 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F52B7FE470534FE35" box="[982,1123,405,431]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1998-08-21">21-viii-1998</date>
(S98-77). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F55BAFE4704CBFE35" box="[1243,1436,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">San Joaquin Co.,</emphasis>
Tracy, 52’, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5076FE6B00C1FE49" box="[279,406,441,467]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2016-09-10">10-ix-2016</date>
, RE Espinoza. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5320FE6B03B8FE49" box="[577,751,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">San Mateo Co.,</emphasis>
Stanford University’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F540FFE6B0198FE6D" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1992-05-02">2-v- 1992</date>
(S92-44). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5024FE0F0093FE6D" box="[325,452,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Shasta Co.,</emphasis>
Shasta Dam, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F533DFE0F038DFE6D" box="[604,730,477,503]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1980-08-04">4-viii-1980</date>
(S80-66). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5231FE0F02E2FE6D" box="[848,949,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Yolo Co.,</emphasis>
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F52DAFE0E0285FE6D" box="[955,978,476,503]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">I5</date>
near intersection Hwy 505, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5468FE0F04CFFE6D" box="[1289,1432,477,503]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2006-08-19">19-viii-2006</date>
, 130’ (S06-77). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5022FDD2009EFD81" bold="true" box="[323,457,512,539]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CCFF3F5022FDD20093FD81" box="[323,452,512,539]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">OREGON</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F50B0FDD30335FD81" box="[465,610,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Jackson Co.,</emphasis>
Emigrant Lake Recreational Area, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5295FDD3052CFD81" box="[1012,1147,513,539]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1992-07-27">27-vii-1992</date>
, 1800’ (S92-82). Hwy 66 ~ 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CCFF3F51C7FDF70188FDA5" box="[166,223,549,575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
E 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F519FFDF60034FDA5" box="[254,355,548,575]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="2900-01-05">I5, 2900</date>
’, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F5012FDF700ADFDA5" box="[371,506,549,575]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1992-07-27">27-vii-1992</date>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5364FDF703FCFDA5" box="[517,683,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Josephine Co.,</emphasis>
Hugo, 
<date id="E434107E09CCFF3F539FFDF6022AFDA5" box="[766,893,548,575]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" value="1978-06-25">25-vi-1978</date>
, D.C. Lightfoot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CCFF3F51AEFD9B043EFD55" blockId="173.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F51AEFD9B0058FDF9" box="[207,271,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">DNA.</emphasis>
Multilocus 2016-033 (Tracy, CA). Two sister species (Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F52A0FD9802ADFDF9" box="[961,1018,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2019) are 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5517FD9B0442FDF9" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[1142,1301,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5517FD9B0442FDF9" box="[1142,1301,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(multilocus G1357 from Otero Co., 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CCFF3F50FEFDBF035EFD12" box="[415,521,621,648]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Colorado</collectingRegion>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5324FDBF0394FD1D" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[581,707,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5324FDBF0394FD1D" box="[581,707,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G. staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(multilocus 2016-034 from Yavapai Co., AZ). 16S and ITS2 (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B09CCFF3F540EFDBF0195FD31" captionStart="FIGURE 174" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,1136,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1421,1136,1844]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 174. ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for G. lineaticeps samples: S00-15, Guadalupe Island, Mexico (G273); S04-64 (G352); S05-39 (G463); S09-28 (G1303); S09-37 (G1315). Collection stop numbers for G. personatus samples: S99- 84, Durango, Mexico (G393); S03-127, from Coahuila, Mexico (G75, G76); S07-41 (G1014); S09-58 (G1372); S09-151, from near Janos, Mexico (G1462, G1463); S16-6 (G3371). Collection stop numbers for G. staccato samples: S04-121 (G376); S09- 54 (G1397); S09-103 (G1407); S11-102 (G2186). See also Gray et al. (2016b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564006/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Fig. 174</figureCitation>
) gene trees yields nice separation from sister species 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5249FD430291FD31" authorityName="Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia" authorityYear="1864" box="[808,966,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="personatus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5249FD430291FD31" box="[808,966,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G. personatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5561FD4305D7FD31" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1024,1152,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staccato">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5561FD430543FD31" box="[1024,1044,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5542FD4005D7FD31" box="[1059,1152,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">staccato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our early work, CO1 gave less clear separation between species, but also showed highly suspect signs of pseudogene amplification.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F5663609CCFF3F51F6F8C500B0F8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564010/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" startId="173.[151,250,1815,1840]" targetBox="[179,1412,743,1777]" targetPageId="173">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CCFF3F51F6F8C500B0F8CE" blockId="173.[151,1436,1815,1876]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F51F6F8C50067F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,304,1815,1840]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 176.</emphasis>
Calling song (R11-15) of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CCFF3F5328F8CA038EF8AA" box="[585,729,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F5328F8CA038EF8AA" box="[585,729,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 25°C; lower panel shows structure of a single chirp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CCFF3C51A6F8510544FF66" blockId="173.[151,1436,1922,2021]" lastBlockId="174.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="174" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CCFF3F51A6F851001DF806" box="[199,330,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Discussion.</emphasis>
An ecologically diverse and morphologically variable species, although song, file characters and DNA consistent for one species. Responsible for periodic outbreaks in California’s Central Valley with documented episodes in Coalinga as follows: 1967, R.E. Love, pers. comm.; 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CCFF3F5217F8180565F87E" author="Lindgren, K." box="[886,1074,1994,2020]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref164150" refString="Lindgren, K. (1978) Cricket's chirp strikes sour note in besieged town. Los Angeles Times, 2 September 1978, 3." type="book" year="1978">Lindgren (1978)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CCFF3F5521F81805B1F87E" author="Caruba, A." box="[1088,1254,1994,2020]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="14 - 15" refId="ref159575" refString="Caruba, A. (1980) The great Coalinga cricket invasion. Pest Control / Marc, 1980, 14 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Caruba (1980)</bibRefCitation>
, and DBW (un- publ.) on 
<date id="E434107E09CFFF3C5064FF4B00DBFF29" box="[261,396,153,179]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" value="1998-07-28">28-vii-1998</date>
; where millions of macropterous, flying individuals can become a summer nuisance. This is probably the species responsible for the outbreak in Knightsen, Contra 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CFFF3C52CEFF6F02B8FF4D" box="[943,1007,189,215]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Costa</collectingRegion>
Co., CA, in 2001 (https://www.sfgate. com/bayarea/article/Knightsen-crawling-with-crickets-Vacuums-2872987.php).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CFFF3C51A6FED7058DFED9" blockId="174.[151,1437,153,323]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Those summer males singing from grassland cracks are usually impossible to flush with water given the extensive nature of the cracks. Oatmeal trails there will usually attract females and occasionally males.</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F5663609CFFF3C51F6F9B80349F93C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3564014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3564014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3564014/files/figure.png" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" startId="174.[151,250,1642,1667]" targetBox="[284,1300,369,1599]" targetPageId="174">
<paragraph id="903536BE09CFFF3C51F6F9B80349F93C" blockId="174.[151,1436,1642,1703]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C51F6F9B8007AF919" bold="true" box="[151,301,1642,1667]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 177.</emphasis>
Color variation in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CFFF3C508FF9B9038CF919" authority=": Reddish" authorityName="Reddish" box="[494,731,1642,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C508FF9B9032CF918" box="[494,635,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
: Reddish
</taxonomicName>
male (A) and female (C) from 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CFFF3C5578F9B805C3F918" authority="Co." authorityName="Co." box="[1049,1172,1642,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Lycocercidae" genus="Madera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeodictyoptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Madera Co.</taxonomicName>
, CA (S15-91); black male (B) from Tuolumne Co., CA (S10-13).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CFFF3C51A6F907039BF8C1" blockId="174.[151,1437,1749,2027]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
Not all 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CFFF3C507FF9070025F975" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[286,370,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C507FF9070025F975" box="[286,370,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with long hind wings are good flyers. 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D09CFFF3C52E6F9070573F975" box="[903,1060,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineaticeps">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C52E6F9070573F975" box="[903,1060,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">G. lineaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be a very capable flyer as evidenced by its presence on seven of eight California Channel Islands (Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C553FF92805D8F889" box="[1118,1167,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 1980), and Cedros and 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E09CFFF3C51F6F8CF0036F8AD" box="[151,353,1821,1847]" name="Guadalupe Island" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Guadalupe Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E09CFFF3C500FF8CF0091F8AD" box="[366,454,1821,1847]" name="Mexico" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, the latter some 
<quantity id="57729B5B09CFFF3C53E7F8CF038AF8AD" box="[646,733,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" unit="km" value="240.0">240 km</quantity>
west of the Pacific coast of 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C09CFFF3C5549F8CF0581F8AD" box="[1064,1238,1821,1847]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Baja California</collectingRegion>
(DBW, unpubl.), although other means of colonization are possible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE09CFFF3C51A6F8B70560F871" blockId="174.[151,1437,1749,2027]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
This species has been the subject of a series of studies of sexual communication, e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C5517F8B704C0F8E5" author="Hoback, W. W. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[1142,1431,1893,1919]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="286 - 290" refId="ref162832" refString="Hoback, W. W. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr. (1997) The energetic cost of calling in the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps. Physiological Entomology, 22, 286 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3032.1997. tb 01170. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Hoback &amp; Wagner (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C51F6F85B00E2F839" author="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Harper, C. J." box="[151,437,1929,1955]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="2054 - 2066" refId="ref167582" refString="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Harper, C. J. (2003) Female life span and fertility are increased by the ejaculates of preferred males. Evolution, 57, 2054 - 2066. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2003. tb 00385. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Wagner &amp; Harper (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C50A1F85B03BDF839" author="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Basolo, A. L." box="[448,746,1929,1955]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="617 - 622" refId="ref167461" refString="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Basolo, A. L. (2007 a) The relative importance of different direct benefits in the mate choice of a field cricket. Evolution, 61, 617 - 622. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2007.00062. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Wagner &amp; Basolo (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C5247F85B057CF839" author="Tolle, A. E. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[806,1067,1929,1955]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="283 - 294" refId="ref166927" refString="Tolle, A. E. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr. (2011) Costly signals in a field cricket can indicate high or low quality direct benefits depending on the environment. Evolution, 65, 283 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2010.01123. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Tolle &amp; Wagner (2011)</bibRefCitation>
as well as studies of tachinid fly parasitism, e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C5029F87F0344F85D" author="Gray, D. A. &amp; Banuelos, C. &amp; Walker, S. E. &amp; Cade, W. H. &amp; Zuk, M." box="[328,531,1965,1991]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="99 - 104" refId="ref161219" refString="Gray, D. A., Banuelos, C., Walker, S. E., Cade, W. H. &amp; Zuk, M. (2007) Behavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as host. Animal Behaviour, 73, 99 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2006.07.005" type="journal article" year="2007">
Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC09CFFF3C50E6F87C00EFF85D" box="[391,440,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C537FF87F021FF852" author="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Basolo, A. L." box="[542,840,1965,1992]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="478 - 484" refId="ref167520" refString="Wagner, W. E. Jr. &amp; Basolo, A. L. (2007 b) Host preferences in a phonotactic parasitoid of field crickets: the relative importance of host song characters. Ecological Entomology, 32, 478 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.2007.00898. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Wagner &amp; Basolo (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C5235F87F0539F85D" author="Martin, C. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[852,1134,1965,1991]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="9592" refId="ref164557" refString="Martin, C. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr. (2010) Female field crickets incur increased parasitism risk when near preferred song. PLoS ONE, 5 (3), e 9592. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0009592" type="journal article" year="2010">Martin &amp; Wagner (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C5518F87F043FF85D" author="Paur, J. &amp; Gray, D. A." box="[1145,1384,1965,1991]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="825 - 830" refId="ref165465" refString="Paur, J. &amp; Gray, D. A. (2011 a) Individual consistency, learning and memory in a parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. Animal Behaviour, 82, 825 - 830. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2011.07.017" type="journal article" year="2011">Paur &amp; Gray (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C51F6F80300E1F871" author="Beckers, O. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[151,438,2001,2027]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="467 - 477" refId="ref158069" refString="Beckers, O. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr. (2012) Divergent preferences for song structure between a field cricket and its phonotactic parasitoid. Journal of Insect Behavior, 5, 467 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10905 - 011 - 9312 - 6" type="journal article" year="2012">Beckers &amp; Wagner (2012</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C50A0F80300AAF871" author="Beckers, O. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[449,509,2001,2027]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="174 - 184" refId="ref158129" refString="Beckers, O. M. &amp; Wagner, W. E. Jr. (2018) Males and females evolve riskier traits in populations with eavesdropping parasitoids. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72, 174 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 018 - 2588 - 1" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
), and female reproductive benefits (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F09CFFF3C52EEF803057CF871" author="Wagner, W. E. Jr." box="[911,1067,2000,2027]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="350 - 357" refId="ref167410" refString="Wagner, W. E. Jr. (2005) Male field crickets that provide reproductive benefits to females incur higher costs. Ecological Entomol- o gy, 30, 350 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0307 - 6946.2005.00698. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wagner 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>