treatments-xml/data/18/23/87/182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5.xml

<document id="721EB4F32F3E8EC86479E1E1335BB76A" ID-CLB-Dataset="24722" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4705.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e84f284-4d30-4c6e-a801-f9822d49edfc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563677" ID-ZooBank="F534C43A-AB09-4CB3-9B08-FD5BDFD90298" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538349781" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weissman, David B. &amp; Gray, David A." docDate="2019" docId="182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4705.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4705 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="E41AFFD00961FF925161FFD20157FF9A" masterDocTitle="Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698772641233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D47B57A1611175A22912507447294B8A">Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A8138C58A3846970DC10FA250C23169">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="618F1D7D57E8E0C04359F59EC505E88D">Gray, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="CB7D81D2094EFFBD51F6FF4B0311FF29" bold="true" box="[151,582,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51F6FF4B0311FF29" authority="Burmeister" box="[151,582,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6FF4B0311FF29" bold="true" box="[151,582,153,180]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6FF4B00E5FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,434,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gryllus pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
Burmeister
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FF6F000BFF4D" blockId="47.[151,625,153,252]" box="[151,348,189,215]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fall Field Cricket</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8906535094EFFBD51F6FF330326FF61" box="[151,625,225,252]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FF330326FF61" blockId="47.[151,625,153,252]" box="[151,625,225,252]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B094EFFBD51F6FF330040FF61" box="[151,279,225,251]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 28" captionStart-1="FIGURE 29" captionStart-2="FIGURE 30" captionStart-3="FIGURE 31" captionStart-4="FIGURE 32" captionStart-5="FIGURE 33" captionStart-6="FIGURE 34" captionStart-7="FIGURE 35" captionStart-8="FIGURE 36" captionStart-9="FIGURE 37" captionStartId-0="45.[151,250,1890,1915]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1221,1246]" captionStartId-2="46.[151,250,1926,1951]" captionStartId-3="47.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionStartId-4="48.[151,250,902,927]" captionStartId-5="48.[151,250,1855,1880]" captionStartId-6="49.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionStartId-7="50.[151,250,2007,2032]" captionStartId-8="51.[151,250,985,1010]" captionStartId-9="51.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1402,709,1840]" captionTargetBox-1="[183,1370,173,1167]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1384,1261,1890]" captionTargetBox-3="[159,1383,1407,1902]" captionTargetBox-4="[164,1423,174,882]" captionTargetBox-5="[200,1384,965,1836]" captionTargetBox-6="[182,1423,1157,1854]" captionTargetBox-7="[298,1334,329,1941]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1435,174,966]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1407,1060,1863]" captionTargetId-0="figure@45.[151,1435,697,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure@46.[179,1408,166,1201]" captionTargetId-2="figure@46.[151,1435,1261,1907]" captionTargetId-3="figure@47.[151,1435,1379,1913]" captionTargetId-4="figure@48.[151,1435,174,882]" captionTargetId-5="figure@48.[151,1435,941,1836]" captionTargetId-6="figure@49.[151,1435,1133,1855]" captionTargetId-7="figure@50.[196,1392,174,1988]" captionTargetId-8="figure@51.[151,1435,174,966]" captionTargetId-9="figure@51.[151,1435,1060,1863]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionTargetPageId-2="47" captionTargetPageId-3="47" captionTargetPageId-4="48" captionTargetPageId-5="48" captionTargetPageId-6="49" captionTargetPageId-7="50" captionTargetPageId-8="51" captionTargetPageId-9="51" captionText-0="FIGURE 28. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus. G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C. G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 29. One second spectrograms of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus; same males as in Fig. 28." captionText-2="FIGURE 30. ITS2 gene tree. G. firmus samples: S03-85 (G60, G61, G62); S07-25 (G1073, G1074); S07-26 (G1186, G1235); S10-63 (G1920, G1922); S10-67 (G1915); S11-29 (G2165, G2029, G2034); S13-41 (G2709); S13-59 (G2716); G. pennsylvanicus samples: S08-74 (G709, G710); S11-107 (G2208); S11-108 (G2211)." captionText-3="FIGURE 31. Five second calling song of G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C." captionText-4="FIGURE 32. Populations of G. pennsylvanicus studied by us." captionText-5="FIGURE 33. Size differences, in G. pennsylvanicus, between northern (right) from Berrien Co., Michigan, and southern (left) from Saline Co., KS [S02-49])." captionText-6="FIGURE 34. Map of G. pennsylvanicus showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48)." captionText-7="FIGURE 35. Long ovipositor G. pennsylvanicus from Saline Co., KS (S02-49)." captionText-8="FIGURE 36. Regression G. pennsylvanicus showing a weak correlation between number of file teeth and hind femur length, the latter a proxy for body size." captionText-9="FIGURE 37. Regression G. pennsylvanicus vs. G. veletis demonstrating longer ovipositors in the former taxa. Specimens from only the 6 localities discussed in text." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563733" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563735" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616095" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563737" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563739" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563741" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563743" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563745" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563749" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563751" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563733/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563735/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3616095/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563737/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563739/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563741/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3563743/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563745/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563749/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3563751/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 28–37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B094EFFBD5043FF33003CFF66" box="[290,363,225,252]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 45" captionStart-1="FIGURE 46" captionStart-2="FIGURE 47" captionStart-3="FIGURE 48" captionStart-4="FIGURE 49" captionStart-5="FIGURE 50" captionStartId-0="63.[151,250,949,974]" captionStartId-1="63.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionStartId-2="64.[151,250,1128,1153]" captionStartId-3="64.[151,250,1828,1853]" captionStartId-4="65.[151,250,959,984]" captionStartId-5="65.[151,250,1693,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1402,174,930]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,1060,1794]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,174,1109]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,1203,1808]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,174,939]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,998,1674]" captionTargetId-0="figure@63.[151,1435,174,930]" captionTargetId-1="figure@63.[151,1435,1060,1794]" captionTargetId-2="figure@64.[151,1435,174,1109]" captionTargetId-3="figure@64.[151,1435,1203,1808]" captionTargetId-4="figure@65.[151,1435,174,939]" captionTargetId-5="figure@65.[151,1435,998,1674]" captionTargetPageId-0="63" captionTargetPageId-1="63" captionTargetPageId-2="64" captionTargetPageId-3="64" captionTargetPageId-4="65" captionTargetPageId-5="65" captionText-0="FIGURE 45. Regression body length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-1="FIGURE 46. Regression pronotal width vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-2="FIGURE 47. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-3="FIGURE 48. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-4="FIGURE 49. Regression cercus length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-5="FIGURE 50. Regression cercus length vs. hind femur length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563767" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563769" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563771" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563773" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563775" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563777" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563767/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563769/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3563771/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563773/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563775/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563777/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">45–50</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B094EFFBD5017FF3300C3FF66" box="[374,404,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="67.[151,251,1179,1204]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,409,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1435,409,1159]" captionText="FIGURE. 52. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. pennsylvanicus showing males with higher numbers of file teeth have lower pulse rates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616105/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">52</figureCitation>
, 53, 139, 
<tableCitation id="DD080305094EFFBD5363FF330302FF61" box="[514,597,225,251]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="DD080305094EFFBD5302FF330326FF61" box="[611,625,225,251]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="143.[150,238,594,620]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="TABLE 2. Where G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus are synchronic and can be separated. Species Locality Stop number(s) Collection date(s) file teeth teeth/mm Pulse rate ovipositor length (mm)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F5663609EEFF1D51F7FD800601FD2F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="C4F5663609EEFF1D51F7FD800601FD2F">2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8906535094EFFBD51F6FEF402C3FD15" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FEF40587FDC8" blockId="47.[151,1437,293,594]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
1838 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51B1FEF403EDFEA7" authority="Burmeister. Handb. Ent." box="[208,698,293,318]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51B1FEF400EAFEA4" box="[208,445,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gryllus pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
Burmeister. Handb. Ent.
</taxonomicName>
, II, p,734. 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C094EFFBD5244FEF402DDFEA4" box="[805,906,294,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F094EFFBD5536FEF70456FEA4" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[1111,1281,293,318]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander, 1957</bibRefCitation>
, p. 586. “North America.” Burmeister’s original description (last paragraph under 13. Gr. Campestris) reads: “A similar species (
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD545DFE960061FEE1" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">Gr. pennsylvanicus</taxonomicName>
*) is found in North America; it is somewhat smaller, the tegmina shorter than the body, without yellow base, but with brown main longitudinal vein.” According to Michael Ohl (pers. comm. to DBW May, 2003) of the Museum of Natural History of Humboldt-University in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD53E1FE7203E8FE23" box="[640,703,416,441]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Berlin</collectingRegion>
(ZMB), entry #983 of the historic catalogue of the ZMB says (catalogue columns separated by slashes): “ 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5372FE6C0240FE4D" authority="Serv." authorityName="Serv." box="[531,791,446,471]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">Gryllus abbreviatus Serv.</taxonomicName>
/ 4 [specimens; subsequently corrected to 3]/ Pennsylvan. Zimmerm./ Types of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5015FE0F03FAFE6C" authority="Burm." authorityName="Burm." box="[372,685,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm.</taxonomicName>
*” These 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37094EFFBD526BFE0C02D0FE6C" box="[778,903,477,502]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
are still in the collection and include the male 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C094EFFBD5403FE0F01A4FD8F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
labeled by R.D. Alexander and 
<specimenCount id="868CFD37094EFFBD535CFE2E03F4FD8F" box="[573,675,508,533]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
. Sigfrid Ingrisch (pers. comm. to DBW May, 2003) believes that although the “…original description reads only North America, …one might guess from the name [and the catalogue entry] that it was from 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD504DFDEB00EFFDC8" box="[300,440,569,594]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
.” 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C094EFFBD50ADFDE80366FDC8" box="[460,561,570,594]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male and labels illustrated on OSF website (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F094EFFBD5297FDEB0592FDC8" author="Cigliano, M. M. &amp; Braun, H. &amp; Eades, D. C." box="[1014,1221,569,594]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref159687" refString="Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. &amp; Otte. D. (2019) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 20 January 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
Cigliano 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5534FDE805D6FDC8" box="[1109,1153,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FDA402C3FD15" blockId="47.[151,1192,630,717]" box="[151,916,630,655]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
1957 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51B1FDA500E2FD15" box="[208,437,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51B1FDA500E6FD15" authority="Alexander. Ann" authorityName="Alexander. Ann" box="[208,433,631,655]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Acheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">Acheta pennsylvanica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Alexander. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 50: 586.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8906535094EFFA751F6FD470470FE35" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FD470248FD34" blockId="47.[151,1192,630,717]" box="[151,799,661,686]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
1964 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51B1FD4400E9FD34" box="[208,446,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51B1FD4400E9FD34" box="[208,446,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gryllus pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Randell. Can. Entomol. 96: 1592.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FD6705FFFD57" blockId="47.[151,1192,630,717]" box="[151,1192,692,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6FD6701C8FD56" box="[151,159,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">‘</emphasis>
G. eastern and western pennsylvanicus’, ‘G. hanksville’ and ‘G. near hanksville’ of DBW notebooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6FD2905CEFC8F" blockId="47.[151,1437,763,1366]" box="[151,1177,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6FD29007FFC8F" box="[151,296,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widespread across the 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E094EFFBD5351FD290303FC8F" box="[560,596,763,789]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">US</collectingCountry>
although absent from the Southwest and Southeast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51A6FCF202FAFA97" blockId="47.[151,1437,763,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51A6FCF20310FCA3" box="[199,583,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Recognition characters and song.</emphasis>
We apply this name to any 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E094EFFBD52E8FCCD02FAFCA3" box="[905,941,799,825]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">US</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD52D7FCCD055DFCA3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[950,1034,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD52D7FCCD055DFCA3" box="[950,1034,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the following constellation of characters: obligate (winter) egg diapause, one generation/year, adults first appearing mid to late summer (usually after 
<date id="E434107E094EFFBD51AEFCB50068FCEE" box="[207,319,870,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
August 1 
<superScript id="67FF9BF6094EFFBD5055FCB40068FCEE" attach="none" box="[308,319,870,884]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">st</superScript>
</date>
), slow chirping (2–3 c/s; 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B094EFFBD533AFCB503FBFC1B" box="[603,684,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[159,1383,1407,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1435,1379,1913]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 31. Five second calling song of G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563737/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
; R04-110), 3–5 p/c, black crickets with short cerci, a relatively long ovipositor and generally not living on sandy substrates. Morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD55E0FC5905BBFC3F" box="[1153,1260,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="firmus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD55E0FC5905BBFC3F" box="[1153,1260,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. firmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and we discuss elsewhere (see Hybrid Zones, p. 61) the problems associated with separating the two species. Must also be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51B7FC010016FC77" box="[214,321,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51B7FC010016FC77" box="[214,321,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which occasionally overlaps in distribution and time of occurrence. Where 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD55FCFC01043BFC77" box="[1181,1388,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD55FCFC01043BFC77" box="[1181,1388,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD51F6FC250055FB8B" box="[151,258,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6FC250055FB8B" box="[151,258,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synchronic in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD50B0FC250369FB8B" box="[465,574,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD5328FC2503B2FB8B" box="[585,741,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD5390FC25023EFB8B" box="[753,873,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD5212FC25028EFB8B" box="[883,985,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Missouri</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD5574FC25053EFB8B" box="[1045,1129,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kansas</collectingRegion>
, clear field differences (see 
<tableCitation id="DD080305094EFFBD51F6FBC901BAFBAF" box="[151,237,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="143.[150,238,594,620]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="TABLE 2. Where G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus are synchronic and can be separated. Species Locality Stop number(s) Collection date(s) file teeth teeth/mm Pulse rate ovipositor length (mm)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F5663609EEFF1D51F7FD800601FD2F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="C4F5663609EEFF1D51F7FD800601FD2F">Table 2</tableCitation>
, p. 144) in pulse rate and tooth count, with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5382FBC902E5FBAF" box="[739,946,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5382FBC902E5FBAF" box="[739,946,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a lower pulse rate and higher tooth count, are apparent, although such song differences appear absent in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD52F4FBED0557FBC3" box="[917,1024,1087,1113]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Michigan</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F094EFFBD556EFBED047AFBC0" author="Alexander, R. D. &amp; Meral, G. H." box="[1039,1325,1087,1114]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="200 - 209" refId="ref157775" refString="Alexander, R. D. &amp; Meral, G. H. (1967) Seasonal and daily chirping cycles in the northern spring and fall field crickets, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus. The Ohio Journal of Science, 676, 200 - 209." type="journal article" year="1967">Alexander &amp; Meral 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Also, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD54E0FBED0015FBE7" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD54E0FBED0015FBE7" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overwinters in an egg diapause while 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5397FBB10236FBE7" box="[758,865,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5397FBB10236FBE7" box="[758,865,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overwinters as a late instar since the eggs have no diapause. In northwestern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD50A3FB55034EFB3B" box="[450,537,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5344FB5503A4FB3B" box="[549,755,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5344FB5503A4FB3B" box="[549,755,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from morphologically similar looking, black, short cerci, non-egg diapausing spring and early summer adult 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD52C8FB790519FB5F" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[937,1102,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletisoides">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD52C8FB790519FB5F" box="[937,1102,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. veletisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to the late summer adults of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5065FB1D0083FB73" box="[260,468,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5065FB1D0083FB73" box="[260,468,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with different DNA. We suspect that the 2 taxa may be synchronic in northwestern 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD51F6FB2101BCFA97" box="[151,235,1267,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Oregon</collectingRegion>
in late July–early August but have no collections to document.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51A6FACA01BCFACC" blockId="47.[151,1437,763,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51A6FACA00FEFAAB" box="[199,425,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
Apparently in reference to the 
<typeStatus id="4F31881C094EFFBD5268FAC5026EFAAB" box="[777,825,1303,1329]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
series being collected in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C094EFFBD5537FAC505BCFAAB" box="[1110,1259,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
(see discussion above).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F56636094EFFBD51F6F85E05A6F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563737" box="[151,1265,1932,1957]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563737/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[151,250,1932,1957]" targetBox="[159,1383,1407,1902]" targetPageId="47">
<paragraph id="903536BE094EFFBD51F6F85E05A6F83F" blockId="47.[151,1265,1932,1957]" box="[151,1265,1932,1957]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD51F6F85E0077F83F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1932,1957]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
Five second calling song of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D094EFFBD5322F85F03AAF83F" box="[579,765,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC094EFFBD5322F85F03AAF83F" box="[579,765,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360951FFA251F6FC54025BFC04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563739" box="[151,780,902,927]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563739/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,902,927]" targetBox="[164,1423,174,882]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="903536BE0951FFA251F6FC54025BFC04" blockId="48.[151,780,902,927]" box="[151,780,902,927]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0951FFA251F6FC540077FC05" bold="true" box="[151,288,902,927]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
Populations of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0951FFA250DEFC55032EFC04" box="[447,633,902,926]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0951FFA250DEFC55032EFC04" box="[447,633,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied by us.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360951FFA251F6F8ED0082F8E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563741/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1855,1880]" targetBox="[200,1384,965,1836]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="903536BE0951FFA251F6F8ED0082F8E6" blockId="48.[151,1436,1855,1916]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0951FFA251F6F8ED0077F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,288,1855,1880]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
Size differences, in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0951FFA25090F89203FCF8C2" box="[497,683,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0951FFA25090F89203FCF8C2" box="[497,683,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, between northern (right) from Berrien Co., Michigan, and southern (left) from Saline Co., KS [S02-49]).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE0950FFA351A6FF4B051EFE2A" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351A6FF4B00CAFF29" box="[199,413,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Geographic range.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0950FFA350C5FF4B00A0FF29" box="[420,503,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="48.[151,250,902,927]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,174,882]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1435,174,882]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 32. Populations of G. pennsylvanicus studied by us." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563739/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
. More eastern localities are presented in 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0950FFA352A5FF4B0531FF29" author="Walker, T. J." box="[964,1126,153,179]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker (2019)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0950FFA355FFFF4B04CEFF29" author="Capinera, J. L. &amp; Scott, R. D. &amp; Walker, T. J." box="[1182,1433,153,179]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref159432" refString="Capinera, J. L., Scott, R. D. &amp; Walker, T. J. (2004) Field guide to grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 249 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Capinera 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA3546BFF48046BFF29" box="[1290,1340,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
. An egg-diapausing cricket in Cuatrocienegas, 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0950FFA353FCFF6F03A4FF4D" box="[669,755,189,215]" name="Mexico" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry>
may also be 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA352E7FF6F0504FF4D" box="[902,1107,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA352E7FF6F0504FF4D" box="[902,1107,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and will be addressed in our 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0950FFA351F6FF3301BAFF61" box="[151,237,225,251]" name="Mexico" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA35192FF330010FF61" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[243,327,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35192FF330010FF61" box="[243,327,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paper. California localities listed in Weissman 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35231FF3002D7FF61" box="[848,896,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (1980) are actually 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35504FF3305BCFF61" box="[1125,1259,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA35504FF3305B0FF61" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1125,1255,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">G. saxatilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
We believe that a fall (
<date id="E434107E0950FFA351BCFED70009FEBA" box="[221,350,261,288]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2013-09-18">18-ix-2013</date>
), long ovipositor (
<quantity id="57729B5B0950FFA35346FED703CDFE85" box="[551,666,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.842" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="18.42">18.42 mm</quantity>
) adult female collected in the Texas Panhandle, in Lubbock (S13-80), is 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA351D1FEFB002BFED9" box="[176,380,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351D1FEFB002BFED9" box="[176,380,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite no associated song, tooth count or egg diapause data, given the elevation of 
<quantity id="57729B5B0950FFA35449FEFB0439FED9" box="[1320,1390,297,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="990.0">990 m</quantity>
and 
<geoCoordinate id="F5BE50790950FFA351F6FE9F018DFEFD" box="[151,218,333,359]" degrees="33" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55555" value="33.0">33° N</geoCoordinate>
latitude. This female (G2708) mapped in the multilocus tree (Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA352B8FE9C0545FEFD" box="[985,1042,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2019) with other individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA354E0FE9F0015FE11" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA354E0FE9F0015FE11" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA3501AFEA300B1FE11" box="[379,486,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="firmus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA3501AFEA300B1FE11" box="[379,486,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. firmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without clearly resolving which. If indeed 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA352B8FEA305FFFE11" box="[985,1192,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA352B8FEA305FFFE11" box="[985,1192,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this would represent the most southerly range limit (excepting the unconfirmed Cuatrociénegas samples).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0950FFA351A6FE6B03C5FE6D" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351A6FE6B0073FE49" box="[199,292,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Habitat.</emphasis>
In towns in cracks, under objects, in grassy vegetated areas and also in clay badlands in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA35420FE6B04CFFE49" box="[1345,1432,441,467]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alberta</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0950FFA351F6FE0F01BCFE6D" box="[151,235,477,503]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
(S05-72, 73) and Nebraska (S97-83).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0950FFA351A6FDD3029CFD69" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351A6FDD30337FD81" box="[199,608,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Life cycle and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
One generation/year. Obligate egg diapause present: Vancouver, 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0950FFA35429FDD304CBFD81" box="[1352,1436,513,539]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
(S00-54), Scottsbluff, Nebraska (S99-144), Sidney, Montana (S97-95), 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0950FFA352A4FDF70566FDA5" box="[965,1073,549,575]" name="Guernsey" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
, Wyoming (S97-78, S99-138 &amp; 99-139), Concordia, Kansas (S02-50), Corvallis, Oregon (S83-39), Hanksville, Utah (S04-128). Overwinter as eggs in diapause (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0950FFA35045FDBF0098FD12" author="Rakshpal, R." box="[292,463,621,648]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="179 - 194" refId="ref165713" refString="Rakshpal, R. (1962) Diapause in the eggs of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 179 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 022" type="journal article" year="1962">Rakshpal 1962</bibRefCitation>
) with first adults appearing in late July–early August. Field collections in early August typically yield a few adults with most of the population late instars. In early summer, it is not unusual to find adult 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA351F6FD670055FD55" box="[151,258,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351F6FD670055FD55" box="[151,258,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
microsympatric with early-mid instar 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA353D7FD6702D3FD55" box="[694,900,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA353D7FD6702D3FD55" box="[694,900,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; while in August, it is not unusual to find adult 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA351F6FD0B0033FD69" box="[151,356,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351F6FD0B0033FD69" box="[151,356,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
microsympatric with early to mid-instars of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA3523BFD0B0293FD69" box="[858,964,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA3523BFD0B0293FD69" box="[858,964,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0950FFA351A6FD2C02D2FBA2" blockId="49.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351A6FD2C0060FC8D" box="[199,311,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Variation.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35021FD2F008BFC8D" bold="true" box="[320,476,765,791]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Body length:</emphasis>
Northern specimens (
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA353B8FD2F021FFC82" box="[729,840,765,792]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Michigan</collectingRegion>
) considerably smaller than those from 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA3546DFD2F040AFC8D" box="[1292,1373,765,791]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Kansas</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0950FFA3540EFD2F01E1FCA1" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1855,1880]" captionTargetBox="[200,1384,965,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1435,941,1836]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 33. Size differences, in G. pennsylvanicus, between northern (right) from Berrien Co., Michigan, and southern (left) from Saline Co., KS [S02-49])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563741/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351A8FCF200C8FCA1" bold="true" box="[201,415,800,827]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hind wing length:</emphasis>
Rare adults of both sexes with long hind wings, including two of five females from Lincoln, NB (S02-52). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35057FC970372FCC5" bold="true" box="[310,549,836,863]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Number of file teeth</emphasis>
(see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0950FFA35301FC9703E4FCC5" box="[608,691,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[182,1423,1157,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1435,1133,1855]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 34. Map of G. pennsylvanicus showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563743/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
): Range from 124–223 with more northern and smaller males having shorter files and fewer total teeth. Teeth/mm also higher where tooth number highest in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA355D5FCBB0476FC19" box="[1204,1313,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA3544CFCBB04CFFC19" box="[1325,1432,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA351F6FC5F01BCFC3D" box="[151,235,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Kansas</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA35198FC5F0008FC3D" box="[249,351,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Missouri</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA350C0FC5F034EFC3D" box="[417,537,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
. In 
<specimenCount id="868CFD370950FFA35328FC5F03E7FC3D" box="[585,688,909,935]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
from 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA3539AFC5F0213FC3D" box="[763,836,909,935]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="49" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Salina</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA35232FC5F02F3FC3D" box="[851,932,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Kansas</collectingRegion>
(S02-49), teeth ranged from 161–215, or a 54-tooth range. This parameter usually varies by &lt;30 teeth over an entire species’ range (Weissman, unpublished). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351F6FC060026FC75" bold="true" box="[151,369,980,1007]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ovipositor length:</emphasis>
Range from 
<quantity id="57729B5B0950FFA35362FC070380FC75" box="[515,727,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.636" metricValueMax="2.229" metricValueMin="1.043" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="16.36" valueMax="22.29" valueMin="10.43">10.43 to 22.29 mm</quantity>
(Lincoln, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0950FFA3522AFC0702EFFC75" box="[843,952,981,1007]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
, S02-52) with larger females having longer ovipositors (for example, 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0950FFA350DDFC2B0359FB89" box="[444,526,1016,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="50.[151,250,2007,2032]" captionTargetBox="[298,1334,329,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[196,1392,174,1988]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 35. Long ovipositor G. pennsylvanicus from Saline Co., KS (S02-49)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563745/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
, S02-49). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA353E4FC2B0251FB89" bold="true" box="[645,774,1017,1043]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pulse rate:</emphasis>
Varies from 10.4–25.0, with males with higher number of teeth having lower pulse rates (see 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0950FFA35340FBCF0327FBAD" box="[545,624,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="67.[151,251,1179,1204]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,409,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1435,409,1159]" captionText="FIGURE. 52. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. pennsylvanicus showing males with higher numbers of file teeth have lower pulse rates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616105/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Fig. 
<quantity id="57729B5B0950FFA35335FBCE0327FBAD" box="[596,624,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="52.0">52</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in Hybrid Zones, p. 68).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4F566360950FFA351F6F8AB03A5F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563743/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1913,1938]" targetBox="[182,1423,1157,1854]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="903536BE0950FFA351F6F8AB03A5F82C" blockId="49.[151,1436,1913,1974]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA351F6F8AB0077F808" bold="true" box="[151,288,1913,1938]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
Map of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0950FFA35016F8A80366F808" box="[375,561,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0950FFA35016F8A80366F808" box="[375,561,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360953FFA051F6F8050292F86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563745" box="[151,965,2007,2033]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563745/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,250,2007,2032]" targetBox="[298,1334,329,1941]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="903536BE0953FFA051F6F8050292F86A" blockId="50.[151,965,2007,2033]" box="[151,965,2007,2033]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0953FFA051F6F8050077F86A" bold="true" box="[151,288,2007,2032]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
Long ovipositor 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0953FFA050AEF80B03DEF86A" box="[463,649,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0953FFA050AEF80B03DEF86A" box="[463,649,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Saline Co., KS (S02-49).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360952FFA151F6FC0B0082FB8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563749/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,985,1010]" targetBox="[151,1435,174,966]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="903536BE0952FFA151F6FC0B0082FB8C" blockId="51.[151,1436,985,1046]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0952FFA151F6FC0B0076FC68" bold="true" box="[151,289,985,1010]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
Regression 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0952FFA150C1FC08030CFC6B" box="[416,603,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0952FFA150C1FC08030CFC6B" box="[416,603,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing a weak correlation between number of file teeth and hind femur length, the latter a proxy for body size.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F566360952FFA151F6F8880344F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563751/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1882,1907]" targetBox="[151,1407,1060,1863]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="903536BE0952FFA151F6F8880344F80C" blockId="51.[151,1436,1882,1943]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0952FFA151F6F8880077F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1882,1907]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
Regression 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0952FFA150FDF8890302F8E9" box="[412,597,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0952FFA150FDF8890302F8E9" box="[412,597,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0952FFA1531FF8890389F8E9" box="[638,734,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0952FFA1531FF8890389F8E9" box="[638,734,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
demonstrating longer ovipositors in the former taxa. Specimens from only the 6 localities discussed in text.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA651A6FF4B0254FBC1" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651A6FF4B00EDFF28" box="[199,442,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA650A5FF4A045EFF29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588114" box="[452,1289,152,179]" collectingDate="2005-08-15" country="Canada" location="Drumheller Municipal Airport" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650A5FF4A036AFF29" bold="true" box="[452,573,152,179]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0955FFA650A5FF4A036AFF29" box="[452,573,152,179]" name="Canada" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">CANADA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6532FFF4A03E4FF29" bold="true" box="[590,691,152,179]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6532FFF4A03F9FF29" box="[590,686,152,179]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Alberta</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="955560650955FFA653DCFF4A054EFF28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA653DCFF4A054EFF28" box="[701,1049,152,178]" country="Canada" name="Drumheller Municipal Airport" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Alberta">Drumheller Municipal Airport</location>
, 2470’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6551BFF4A045EFF29" box="[1146,1289,152,179]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-15">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6551BFF4A045EFF29" box="[1146,1289,152,179]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-15">15-viii-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65476FF4A0573FF4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588119" collectingDate="2005-08-15" country="Canada" location="Horseshoe Canyon" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
51° 29.028’ -112° 43.235’ (S05-73). 
<location id="955560650955FFA650D2FF6E03DCFF4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA650D2FF6E03DCFF4D" box="[435,651,188,215]" country="Canada" name="Horseshoe Canyon" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Alberta">Horseshoe Canyon</location>
<locationDeviation id="81872F9C0955FFA653F4FF6E02D0FF4C" box="[661,903,188,215]" location="Drumheller" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA653F4FF6E0382FF4C" box="[661,725,188,214]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="km" value="14.0">14km</quantity>
W Drumheller
</locationDeviation>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA652F4FF6E0573FF4D" box="[917,1060,188,215]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-15">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA652F4FF6E0573FF4D" box="[917,1060,188,215]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-15">15-viii-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 51° 25.128’ -112° 52 (S05-72). 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA651F6FF3205B5FF61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588066" box="[151,1250,224,251]" collectingDate="2000-08-26" country="Canada" elevation="3" location="Haynes Ecological Reserve" municipality="Osoyoos" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651F6FF320024FF61" bold="true" box="[151,371,224,251]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA651F6FF320038FF61" box="[151,367,224,251]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA6501CFF3300FBFF61" box="[381,428,225,251]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA6501CFF3300FBFF61" box="[381,428,225,251]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
N 
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40955FFA650B5FF33036EFF61" box="[468,569,225,251]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Osoyoos</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="955560650955FFA65326FF3302D3FF61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65326FF3302D3FF61" box="[583,900,224,251]" country="Canada" municipality="Osoyoos" name="Haynes Ecological Reserve" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">Haynes Ecological Reserve</location>
, 1200’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65284FF320526FF60" box="[997,1137,224,250]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2000-08-26">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65284FF320526FF60" box="[997,1137,224,250]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2000-08-26">26-viii-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
(S00-27)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6558EFF330020FE85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588160" collectingDate="1983-08-15" country="Canada" location="Vancouver" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
<location id="955560650955FFA6558EFF33043EFF61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA6558EFF33043EFF61" box="[1263,1385,225,251]" country="Canada" name="Vancouver" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">Vancouver</location>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65416FF3201A9FE84" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-15">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65416FF3201A9FE84" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-15">15- viii-1983</collectingDate>
</date>
(S83-125)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6501FFED703B1FE85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588062" box="[382,742,260,287]" collectingDate="2000-09-22" country="Canada" location="Tanaka" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
S. 
<location id="955560650955FFA650FDFED600A7FE84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA650FDFED600A7FE84" box="[412,496,260,286]" country="Canada" name="Tanaka" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">Tanaka</location>
; 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6509AFED6032FFE84" box="[507,632,260,286]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2000-09-22">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6509AFED6032FFE84" box="[507,632,260,286]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2000-09-22">22-ix-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
(S00-54)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65390FED701A9FED9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588200" collectingDate="2007-09-16" country="Canada" location="Butterfly Zoo in Saanich" municipality="Vancouver Island" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40955FFA65390FED702E0FE84" box="[753,951,260,287]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Vancouver Island</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
<location id="955560650955FFA6529BFED60443FE84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA6529BFED60443FE84" box="[1018,1300,260,287]" country="Canada" municipality="Vancouver Island" name="Butterfly Zoo in Saanich" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="British Columbia">Butterfly Zoo in Saanich</location>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65441FED604CBFE84" box="[1312,1436,260,286]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2007-09-16">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65441FED604CBFE84" box="[1312,1436,260,286]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2007-09-16">16-ix-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(S07-90)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6506AFEFA054FFED9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588202" box="[267,1048,296,323]" collectingDate="2009-08-15" collectorName="Rifle" country="United States of America" county="Garfield Co." location="Garfield Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6506AFEFA009BFED9" bold="true" box="[267,460,296,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0955FFA6506AFEFA0012FED9" box="[267,325,296,323]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">USA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65032FEFA0090FED9" box="[339,455,296,323]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Colorado</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650B4FEFA033CFED9" box="[469,619,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA650B4FEFA0331FED9" box="[469,614,296,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Garfield Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65315FEFA03F8FED8" box="[628,687,296,322]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rifle</collectorName>
, 5140’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6526CFEFA02CDFED9" box="[781,922,296,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2009-08-15">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6526CFEFA02CDFED9" box="[781,922,296,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2009-08-15">15-viii-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(S09-109)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65545FEFB001DFEFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588230" collectingDate="2009-08-16" collectorName="Fruita" country="United States of America" county="Mesa Co." location="Mesa Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65545FEFB05CFFED9" box="[1060,1176,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65545FEFB05C4FED9" box="[1060,1171,297,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mesa Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA655C0FEFA05B0FED8" box="[1185,1255,296,322]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fruita</collectorName>
, 4420”, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65429FEFA0198FEFD" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2009-08-16">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65429FEFA0198FEFD" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2009-08-16">16-viii- 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(S09-114)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65037FE9E0202FEFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588192" box="[342,853,332,359]" collectingDate="2002-08-10" country="United States of America" county="Madison Co." location="Madison Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Illinois">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65037FE9E00E5FEFD" bold="true" box="[342,434,332,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65037FE9E00FAFEFD" box="[342,429,332,359]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Illinois</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650DBFE9E0305FEFD" box="[442,594,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA650DBFE9E031AFEFD" box="[442,589,332,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Madison Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6533BFE9E03B0FEFC" box="[602,743,332,358]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-10">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6533BFE9E03B0FEFC" box="[602,743,332,358]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-10">10-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-60)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65200FE9F01A9FE11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588213" collectingDate="2002-08-07" collectorName="Concordia" country="United States of America" county="Cloud Co." location="Cloud Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kansas">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65200FE9F0296FEFD" bold="true" box="[865,961,333,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65200FE9F02EBFEFD" box="[865,956,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Kansas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652A8FE9E0513FEFD" box="[969,1092,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652A8FE9E0568FEFD" box="[969,1087,332,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cloud Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6552DFE9E0593FEFC" box="[1100,1220,332,358]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Concordia</collectorName>
, 1100’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6547FFE9E04CBFEFC" box="[1310,1436,332,358]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6547FFE9E04CBFEFC" box="[1310,1436,332,358]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">7-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-50)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65069FEA20240FE11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588044" box="[264,791,368,395]" collectingDate="2002-08-07" country="United States of America" county="Saline Co." location="Saline Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kansas">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65069FEA200D3FE11" box="[264,388,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65069FEA20029FE11" box="[264,382,368,395]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Saline Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA650EBFEA2034BFE11" box="[394,540,368,395]" class="Entognatha" family="Paronellidae" genus="Salina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="52" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Salina, 1100</taxonomicName>
’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6534DFEA203FEFE10" box="[556,681,368,394]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6534DFEA203FEFE10" box="[556,681,368,394]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">7-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-49)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65240FEA300B5FE35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588147" collectingDate="2004-05-30" collectingDateMax="2004-08-06" collectingDateMin="2004-05-30" collectorName="College Park" country="United States of America" county="Prince George Co." location="Prince George Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maryland">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65240FEA302F5FE11" bold="true" box="[801,930,369,395]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65240FEA302CAFE11" box="[801,925,369,395]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Maryland</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652C8FEA305D5FE11" box="[937,1154,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652C8FEA3052AFE11" box="[937,1149,369,395]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Prince George Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA655E8FEA2044AFE10" box="[1161,1309,368,394]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">College Park</collectorName>
, 500’ 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65401FEA30198FE35" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-05-30">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65401FEA30198FE35" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-05-30">30-v- 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(adult molt 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6503AFE46008DFE35" box="[347,474,404,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-08-06">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6503AFE46008DFE35" box="[347,474,404,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-08-06">6-viii-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
S04-35. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65328FE460460FE35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588187" box="[585,1335,404,431]" collectingDate="2002-08-09" collectorName="Millersville" country="United States of America" county="Cape Girardeau Co." location="Cape Girardeau Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Missouri">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65328FE4603EBFE35" bold="true" box="[585,700,404,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65328FE4603E0FE35" box="[585,695,404,431]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Missouri</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653A5FE4702E5FE35" box="[708,946,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA653A5FE4702FAFE35" box="[708,941,404,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Cape Girardeau Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA652D8FE460568FE34" box="[953,1087,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Millersville</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6552BFE46059FFE34" box="[1098,1224,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-09">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6552BFE46059FFE34" box="[1098,1224,404,430]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-09">9-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-58)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65423FE460304FE49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588188" collectingDate="2002-08-08" collectorName="Kansas City" country="United States of America" county="Jackson Co." location="Jackson Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Missouri">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65423FE460191FE49" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65423FE460196FE49" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA651AFFE6B000EFE48" box="[206,345,440,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Kansas City</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65007FE6A00B3FE48" box="[358,484,440,466]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-08">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65007FE6A00B3FE48" box="[358,484,440,466]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-08">8-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-54)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65301FE6B0522FE49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588155" box="[608,1141,440,467]" collectingDate="2002-08-10" country="United States of America" county="St. Louis Co." location="St. Louis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Missouri">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65301FE6B03ADFE49" box="[608,762,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65301FE6B03A2FE49" box="[608,757,441,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">St. Louis Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="955560650955FFA65262FE6B023AFE48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65262FE6B023AFE48" box="[771,877,440,467]" country="United States of America" county="St. Louis Co." name="St. Louis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Missouri">St. Louis</location>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65218FE6A0551FE48" box="[889,1030,440,466]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-10">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65218FE6A0551FE48" box="[889,1030,440,466]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-10">10-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-61)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA655E0FE6B021EFE6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588067" collectingDate="1997-07-31" country="United States of America" county="Richland Co." location="Sidney" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA655E0FE6B05A0FE49" bold="true" box="[1153,1271,441,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA655E0FE6B05A5FE49" box="[1153,1266,441,467]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Montana</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65461FE6A04CBFE49" box="[1280,1436,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65461FE6A04C0FE49" box="[1280,1431,440,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Richland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="955560650955FFA651F6FE0E01B1FE6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA651F6FE0E01B1FE6C" box="[151,230,476,502]" country="United States of America" county="Richland Co." name="Sidney" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Montana">Sidney</location>
, 1840’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65025FE0E009FFE6C" box="[324,456,476,502]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-31">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65025FE0E009FFE6C" box="[324,456,476,502]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-31">31-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(adults and late instars) (S97-95)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65234FE0F00EEFD81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588043" collectingDate="1997-07-31" country="United States of America" elevation="5" location="Sidney" municipality="Hwy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40955FFA65234FE0F02DCFE6D" box="[853,907,477,503]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
23 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA652D8FE0E02B2FE6D" box="[953,997,476,503]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="5.0">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA652D8FE0E02B2FE6D" box="[953,997,476,503]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
SE 
<location id="955560650955FFA65576FE0E0531FE6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65576FE0E0531FE6C" box="[1047,1126,476,502]" country="United States of America" municipality="Hwy" name="Sidney" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Montana">Sidney</location>
, 1920’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA655A2FE0E0410FE6C" box="[1219,1351,476,502]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-31">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA655A2FE0E0410FE6C" box="[1219,1351,476,502]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-31">31-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(adults and late instars) (S97-94)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA650A5FDD30412FD81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588097" box="[452,1349,512,539]" collectingDate="1999-09-13" country="United States of America" county="Dawes Co." elevation="4" location="Hwy" municipality="Hwy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650A5FDD30317FD81" bold="true" box="[452,576,513,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA650A5FDD3036CFD81" box="[452,571,513,539]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65329FDD3039DFD81" box="[584,714,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65329FDD30392FD81" box="[584,709,513,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dawes Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40955FFA653B3FDD3025FFD81" box="[722,776,513,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
385 ~ 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA65230FDD3022AFD81" box="[849,893,513,539]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA65230FDD3022AFD81" box="[849,893,513,539]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
S 
<location id="955560650955FFA652FDFDD30285FD81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA652FDFDD30285FD81" box="[924,978,513,539]" country="United States of America" county="Dawes Co." municipality="Hwy" name="Hwy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Nebraska">Hwy</location>
20. 3680’ 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6552AFDD2059FFD80" box="[1099,1224,512,538]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6552AFDD2059FFD80" box="[1099,1224,512,538]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">13-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-143)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65431FDD30553FDA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588238" collectingDate="1997-07-28" country="United States of America" elevation="3" location="Coffee Grinder Butte" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA65431FDD3042CFD81" box="[1360,1403,513,539]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA65431FDD3042CFD81" box="[1360,1403,513,539]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
W and 
<locationDeviation id="81872F9C0955FFA651A9FDF700D6FDA4" box="[200,385,548,575]" location="Chadron" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA651A9FDF70055FDA5" box="[200,258,549,575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
S Chadron
</locationDeviation>
near 
<location id="955560650955FFA650A3FDF603E3FDA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA650A3FDF603E3FDA5" box="[450,692,548,575]" country="United States of America" name="Coffee Grinder Butte" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Nebraska">Coffee Grinder Butte</location>
, 3680’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65270FDF602C2FDA4" box="[785,917,548,574]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65270FDF602C2FDA4" box="[785,917,548,574]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">28-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(S97-84)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65571FDF7029CFDF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588117" collectingDate="1997-07-28" collectingDateMax="2002-08-07" collectingDateMin="1997-07-28" country="United States of America" county="Fillmore Co." elevation="4" location="4 m S Chadron" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA65571FDF7056BFDA5" box="[1040,1084,549,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA65571FDF7056BFDA5" box="[1040,1084,549,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
W and 
<location id="955560650955FFA655F7FDF70413FDA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA655F7FDF70413FDA4" box="[1174,1348,548,575]" country="United States of America" county="Fillmore Co." name="4 m S Chadron" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA655F7FDF70595FDA5" box="[1174,1218,549,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
S Chadron
</location>
, 3100”, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA651F6FD9A004CFDF8" box="[151,283,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA651F6FD9A004CFDF8" box="[151,283,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">28-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(S97-83). 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650F0FD9A0370FDF9" box="[401,551,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA650F0FD9A0375FDF9" box="[401,546,584,611]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fillmore Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
Geneva, 1420”, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65381FD9A0209FDF8" box="[736,862,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65381FD9A0209FDF8" box="[736,862,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">7-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-51)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA652B5FD9B01A9FD1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588047" collectingDate="2002-08-07" collectorName="Lincoln" country="United States of America" county="Lancaster Co." location="Lancaster Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652B5FD9B052FFDF9" box="[980,1144,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652B5FD9B0524FDF9" box="[980,1139,585,611]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lancaster Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6551FFD9A058FFDF8" box="[1150,1240,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lincoln</collectorName>
, 940” 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6547FFD9A04CBFDF8" box="[1310,1436,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6547FFD9A04CBFDF8" box="[1310,1436,584,610]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-07">7-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-52)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6506BFDBF02C9FD1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588183" box="[266,926,620,647]" collectingDate="1999-09-13" collectorName="Scottsbluff" country="United States of America" county="Scotts Bluff Co." location="Scotts Bluff Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6506BFDBF0095FD1D" box="[266,450,620,647]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA6506BFDBF00EAFD1D" box="[266,445,620,647]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Scotts Bluff Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA650ABFDBE0310FD1C" box="[458,583,620,646]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Scottsbluff</collectorName>
, 3960’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA653C5FDBE0277FD1C" box="[676,800,620,646]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA653C5FDBE0277FD1C" box="[676,800,620,646]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">13-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-144)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA652C8FDBF00B1FD31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588152" collectingDate="1999-09-13" collectorName="Agate Beds National Monument" country="United States of America" county="Sioux Co." location="Sioux Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nebraska">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652C8FDBF0549FD1D" box="[937,1054,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652C8FDBF054EFD1D" box="[937,1049,621,647]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sioux Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65546FDBF04CFFD1D" box="[1063,1432,620,647]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Agate Beds National Monument</collectorName>
, 4500’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6518BFD420031FD30" box="[234,358,656,682]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6518BFD420031FD30" box="[234,358,656,682]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-13">13-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-141)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65095FD4305EBFD31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588149" box="[500,1212,656,683]" collectingDate="1987-09-13" collectorName="Pequannock" country="United States of America" county="Morris Co." location="Morris Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Jersey">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65095FD4303DEFD31" bold="true" box="[500,649,657,683]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65095FD4303D3FD31" box="[500,644,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653F5FD43024CFD31" box="[660,795,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA653F5FD430241FD31" box="[660,790,657,683]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Morris Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65247FD4202E5FD30" box="[806,946,656,682]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pequannock</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA652A1FD42056AFD30" box="[960,1085,656,682]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1987-09-13">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA652A1FD42056AFD30" box="[960,1085,656,682]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1987-09-13">13-ix-1987</collectingDate>
</date>
(S87-100)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA655ABFD420255FD55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588210" collectingDate="2002-08-06" collectorName="Oklahoma City" country="United States of America" county="Oklahoma Co." location="Oklahoma Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA655ABFD420405FD31" bold="true" box="[1226,1362,656,683]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA655ABFD42041BFD31" box="[1226,1356,656,683]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6543DFD42005DFD55" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA6543DFD420052FD55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oklahoma Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65070FD6600EAFD54" box="[273,445,692,718]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oklahoma City</collectorName>
, 1000’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65376FD6603C3FD54" box="[535,660,692,718]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-06">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65376FD6603C3FD54" box="[535,660,692,718]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-08-06">6-viii-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(S02-48)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6526DFD66042CFD55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588175" box="[780,1403,692,719]" collectingDate="1983-08-15" collectorName="Corvallis" country="United States of America" county="Benton Co." location="Benton Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6526DFD660238FD55" bold="true" box="[780,879,692,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6526DFD66023DFD55" box="[780,874,692,719]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oregon</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65214FD6702ADFD55" box="[885,1018,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65214FD6702A2FD55" box="[885,1013,693,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Benton Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65561FD66053EFD54" box="[1024,1129,692,718]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Corvallis</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65515FD660457FD55" box="[1140,1280,692,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-15">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65515FD660457FD55" box="[1140,1280,692,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-15">15-viii-1983</collectingDate>
</date>
(S83-122)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA654E7FD670392FD69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588208" collectingDate="2006-10-14" collectorName="S. Tanaka. Lane Co." country="United States of America" location="Eugene" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA654E7FD670036FD69" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
S. Tanaka. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65196FD0B0036FD69" box="[247,353,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lane Co.</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, 
<location id="955560650955FFA6500EFD0B0091FD69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA6500EFD0B0091FD69" box="[367,454,729,755]" country="United States of America" name="Eugene" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Oregon">Eugene</location>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA650B3FD0A0310FD68" box="[466,583,728,754]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-10-14">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA650B3FD0A0310FD68" box="[466,583,728,754]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-10-14">14-x-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(S06-128)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA653B0FD0A03FEFC8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588166" collectorName="New London &amp; August &amp; D. H. Funk" country="United States of America" county="Chester Co." location="Chester Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pennsylvania">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653B0FD0A022EFD69" bold="true" box="[721,889,728,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA653B0FD0A0223FD69" box="[721,884,728,755]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652E0FD0A0547FD69" box="[897,1040,728,755]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652E0FD0A055CFD69" box="[897,1035,728,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chester Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65579FD0B05E7FD68" box="[1048,1200,728,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New London</collectorName>
, 406’, 
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6559FFD0B0405FD69" box="[1278,1362,729,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">August</collectorName>
, 2011, 39.767099° -75.897706° (S11-107), 
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65351FD2F03FEFC8C" box="[560,681,764,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D.H. Funk</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA653D2FD2E00DCFCA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588087" collectingDate="1997-07-30" country="United States of America" county="Jackson Co." location="Badlands National Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653D2FD2E0237FC8D" bold="true" box="[691,864,764,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA653D2FD2E020CFC8D" box="[691,859,764,791]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65206FD2E02A1FC8D" box="[871,1014,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65206FD2E02A6FC8D" box="[871,1009,764,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="955560650955FFA6529DFD2E045FFC8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA6529DFD2E045FFC8C" box="[1020,1288,764,790]" country="United States of America" county="Jackson Co." name="Badlands National Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="South Dakota">Badlands National Park</location>
, 2200-2400’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA651F6FCF2004CFCA0" box="[151,283,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-30">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA651F6FCF2004CFCA0" box="[151,283,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-30">30-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(S97-90)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA650F6FCF2026EFCA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588122" box="[407,825,800,827]" collectingDate="1997-07-30" country="United States of America" location="Kadoka" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Dakota">
<location id="955560650955FFA650F6FCF200A6FCA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA650F6FCF200A6FCA0" box="[407,497,800,826]" country="United States of America" name="Kadoka" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="South Dakota">Kadoka</location>
, 2200’ 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65324FCF2039EFCA0" box="[581,713,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-30">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65324FCF2039EFCA0" box="[581,713,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-30">30-vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(S97-87)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65224FCF304CFFCA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588065" box="[837,1432,800,827]" collectingDate="2013-09-18" collectorName="Lubbock" country="United States of America" county="Lubbock Co." location="Lubbock Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65224FCF302C6FCA1" bold="true" box="[837,913,801,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65224FCF302DAFCA1" box="[837,909,801,827]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Texas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652FBFCF20566FCA1" box="[922,1073,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA652FBFCF2057BFCA1" box="[922,1068,800,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lubbock Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6555BFCF205F7FCA0" box="[1082,1184,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lubbock</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA655CCFCF2047EFCA0" box="[1197,1321,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2013-09-18">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA655CCFCF2047EFCA0" box="[1197,1321,800,826]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2013-09-18">18-ix-2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(S13-80)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA651F6FC97025AFCC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588131" box="[151,781,836,863]" collectingDate="1999-09-10" collectorName="Jensen" country="United States of America" county="Uintah Co." location="Uintah Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651F6FC97018CFCC5" bold="true" box="[151,219,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA651F6FC970181FCC5" box="[151,214,837,863]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Utah</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65182FC960031FCC5" box="[227,358,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65182FC960036FCC5" box="[227,353,836,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Uintah Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6500CFC9700EDFCC5" box="[365,442,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Jensen</collectorName>
, 4740’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65374FC9603C6FCC4" box="[533,657,836,862]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-10">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65374FC9603C6FCC4" box="[533,657,836,862]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-10">10-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-127)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65276FC9605ECFCC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588163" box="[791,1211,836,863]" collectingDate="1999-09-10" country="United States of America" location="Naples" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
<location id="955560650955FFA65276FC96023FFCC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65276FC96023FFCC4" box="[791,872,836,862]" country="United States of America" name="Naples" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Utah">Naples</location>
, 5200’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA652A3FC960568FCC4" box="[962,1087,836,862]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-10">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA652A3FC960568FCC4" box="[962,1087,836,862]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-10">10-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-126)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA655A4FC970371FC19" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588205" collectingDate="1992-08-01" collectorName="Hanksville" country="United States of America" county="Wayne Co." location="Wayne Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA655A4FC970413FCC5" box="[1221,1348,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA655A4FC970468FCC5" box="[1221,1343,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Wayne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6542AFC96019CFC18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hanksville</collectorName>
, 4500’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6504BFCBA00FFFC18" box="[298,424,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1992-08-01">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6504BFCBA00FFFC18" box="[298,424,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1992-08-01">1-viii-1992</collectingDate>
</date>
(S92-109)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65352FCBA0249FC19" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588079" box="[563,798,872,899]" collectingDate="1998-09-11" collectorName="Hanksville" country="United States of America" county="Wayne Co." isTailEnumeration="true" location="Wayne Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65352FCBA03F9FC18" box="[563,686,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1998-09-11">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65352FCBA03F9FC18" box="[563,686,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1998-09-11">11-ix-1998</collectingDate>
</date>
(S98-88)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6524AFCBA02CEFC18" box="[811,921,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-09">9-ix-1999</date>
(S99-119); 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65545FCBA05F7FC18" box="[1060,1184,872,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-09-12">12-ix-2004</date>
(S04-128). 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6544BFCBB03C9FC3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588167" collectingDate="2006-10-06" collectorName="Middlebury" country="United States of America" county="Addison Co." location="Addison Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vermont">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6544BFCBB04CBFC19" bold="true" box="[1322,1436,873,899]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6544BFCBB04C0FC19" box="[1322,1431,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Vermont</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651F6FC5E007FFC3D" box="[151,296,908,935]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA651F6FC5E0074FC3D" box="[151,291,908,935]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Addison Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA6504FFC5E00E4FC3C" box="[302,435,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Middlebury</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA650DFFC5E0372FC3C" box="[446,549,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-10-06">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA650DFFC5E0372FC3C" box="[446,549,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-10-06">6-x-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(S06-117)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA653C8FC5E0229FC3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588098" box="[681,894,908,935]" collectingDate="2008-10-05" collectorName="Middlebury" country="United States of America" county="Addison Co." isTailEnumeration="true" location="Addison Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vermont">
<date id="E434107E0955FFA653C8FC5E0247FC3D" box="[681,784,908,935]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2008-10-05">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA653C8FC5E0247FC3D" box="[681,784,908,935]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2008-10-05">5-x-2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(S08-74)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA652E6FC5E005EFC51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588233" collectingDate="1983-08-16" collectorName="Shelton" country="United States of America" county="Mason Co." location="Mason Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652E6FC5E0577FC3D" bold="true" box="[903,1056,908,935]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA652E6FC5E054CFC3D" box="[903,1051,908,935]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Washington</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65547FC5F05F0FC3D" box="[1062,1191,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA65547FC5F05F5FC3D" box="[1062,1186,909,935]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mason Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA655CCFC5E0452FC3C" box="[1197,1285,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Shelton</collectorName>
, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65471FC5E04CAFC3C" box="[1296,1437,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-16">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65471FC5E04CAFC3C" box="[1296,1437,908,934]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1983-08-16">16-viii-1983</collectingDate>
</date>
(S83-123)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65071FC6302F2FC51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588182" box="[272,933,944,971]" collectingDate="2015-09-16" collectorName="S. Tanaka. Skamania Co." country="United States of America" location="Mt St Helens" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65071FC63037DFC51" box="[272,554,944,971]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
S. Tanaka. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650EAFC62037DFC51" box="[395,554,944,971]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Skamania Co.</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, 
<location id="955560650955FFA65357FC63039BFC50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65357FC63039BFC50" box="[566,716,944,971]" country="United States of America" name="Mt St Helens" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Washington">Mt St Helens</location>
, 3800’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65247FC6202F2FC51" box="[806,933,944,971]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-09-16">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65247FC6202F2FC51" box="[806,933,944,971]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-09-16">16-ix-2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA652D1FC620233FC74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588048" collectingDate="2004-08-17" collectorName="D. C. Lightfoot. Whatcom Co." country="United States of America" location="Birch Bay State Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
46° 15’ 59” -122° 04’ 50”, 
<collectingMethod id="49CB4EA90955FFA655BCFC62040BFC51" box="[1245,1372,944,971]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">pit fall trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65406FC6300FEFC75" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
D.C. Lightfoot. 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6506EFC0600FEFC75" box="[271,425,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Whatcom Co.</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, 
<location id="955560650955FFA650D7FC0603F3FC74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA650D7FC0603F3FC74" box="[438,676,980,1007]" country="United States of America" name="Birch Bay State Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Washington">Birch Bay State Park</location>
, 5’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA653B4FC060233FC74" box="[725,868,980,1006]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-08-17">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA653B4FC060233FC74" box="[725,868,980,1006]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2004-08-17">17-viii-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 48.54407° -122.45758° (S04-91). 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6558EFC070556FB89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588204" collectingDate="2011-07-19" collectingDateMax="2011-09-09" collectingDateMin="2011-07-19" country="United States of America" county="Mercer Co." location="Camp Creek State Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Virginia">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6558EFC0704CBFC75" bold="true" box="[1263,1436,980,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6558EFC0704C0FC75" box="[1263,1431,980,1007]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651F6FC2B004AFB89" box="[151,285,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA651F6FC2B004FFB89" box="[151,280,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mercer Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="955560650955FFA65042FC2B0370FB88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA65042FC2B0370FB88" box="[291,551,1016,1043]" country="United States of America" county="Mercer Co." name="Camp Creek State Park" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="West Virginia">Camp Creek State Park</location>
, 2025’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA6531EFC2A0255FB88" box="[639,770,1016,1042]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2011-07-19">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA6531EFC2A0255FB88" box="[639,770,1016,1042]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2011-07-19">19-vii-2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(adult molt 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA652E9FC2A02AEFB89" box="[904,1017,1016,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2011-09-09">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA652E9FC2A02AEFB89" box="[904,1017,1016,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2011-09-09">9-ix-2011</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 37.504477° -81.134305° (S11-108), D.H. Funk. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6507DFBCE02B7FBAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588083" box="[284,992,1052,1079]" collectingDate="1999-09-12" collectorName="Guernsey" country="United States of America" county="Platte Co." location="Platte Co." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6507DFBCE00CEFBAD" bold="true" box="[284,409,1052,1079]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6507DFBCE00C3FBAD" box="[284,404,1052,1079]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650C1FBCE034EFBAD" box="[416,537,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<collectingCounty id="79544E320955FFA650C1FBCE0343FBAD" box="[416,532,1052,1079]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Platte Co.</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="3D7F53680955FFA65341FBCF03DBFBAD" box="[544,652,1053,1079]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guernsey</collectorName>
, 4300’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65386FBCE0233FBAC" box="[743,868,1052,1078]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-12">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65386FBCE0233FBAC" box="[743,868,1052,1078]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-12">12-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(S99-138)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA6528BFBCE00ABFBC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588146" collectingDate="1997-07-28" country="United States of America" elevation="4" location="Hwy" municipality="Road" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40955FFA6528BFBCE0572FBAC" box="[1002,1061,1052,1078]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Road</collectingMunicipality>
270 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA6553FFBCF05C9FBAD" box="[1118,1182,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.9">
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0955FFA6553FFBCF05C9FBAD" box="[1118,1182,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3.9">3.9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
N 
<location id="955560650955FFA655A1FBCF05A1FBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A8094EFFA751F6FF4B05CBFDA5:955560650955FFA655A1FBCF05A1FBAD" box="[1216,1270,1053,1079]" country="United States of America" municipality="Road" name="Hwy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Wyoming">Hwy</location>
26, 4300’, 
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65416FBCF01A0FBC0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65416FBCF01A0FBC0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-07-28">28- vii-1997</collectingDate>
</date>
(mid-instars) (S97-82)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30955FFA65366FB9203D3FBC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588077" box="[519,644,1088,1114]" collectingDate="1999-09-12" country="United States of America" elevation="4" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Hwy" municipality="Road" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
<date id="E434107E0955FFA65366FB9203D3FBC0" box="[519,644,1088,1114]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-12">
<collectingDate id="F470E9960955FFA65366FB9203D3FBC0" box="[519,644,1088,1114]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1999-09-12">12-ix-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
(S99-139).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA651B1FBB703A1FB71" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651B1FBB70047FBE5" box="[208,272,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">DNA.</emphasis>
Multilocus G710 Middlebury, Vermont (S08-74); G368 Hanksville, Utah (S04-128); and G2708 Lubbock, Texas (S13-80) map (Gray 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65369FB5B0317FB38" box="[520,576,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
2019) closest to Florida G62 Gainesville (S03-85), and Texas G1915 Bastrop State Park (S10-67); G1917 Schulenburg (S10-65); G1920 Brackettville (S10-63); G2029 Sea Rim State Park (S11- 29); and G2715 Matagorda Island (S13-59) 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653E5FB0303A1FB71" box="[644,758,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA653E5FB0303A6FB71" box="[644,753,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="firmus">G. firmus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA651A6FB260289FAE0" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Discussion. We initially considered western 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0955FFA653D9FB27038BFA95" box="[696,732,1269,1295]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">US</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65382FB2702E7FA94" box="[739,944,1268,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65382FB2702E7FA94" box="[739,944,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be several species given the range of file tooth counts and the geographic isolation of some populations. Because further collecting has not made the situation any clearer, combined with the multilocus DNA tree indicating close relatedness between these populations, we treat them as one species, although we believe further investigation is indicated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA651A6FA56024DF901" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Only 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65066FA570025FA04" box="[263,370,1412,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65066FA570025FA04" box="[263,370,1412,1439]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more widespread 
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0955FFA653E2FA5703F0FA05" box="[643,679,1413,1439]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">US</collectingCountry>
distribution than 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65211FA570512FA04" box="[880,1093,1412,1439]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65211FA570515FA04" box="[880,1090,1412,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">G. pennsylvanicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It thus seems prudent to compare the two taxa over their ranges since both may represent groups composed of several sister species. 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0955FFA6542BFA7A04CBFA59" box="[1354,1436,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[182,1423,1157,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1435,1133,1855]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 34. Map of G. pennsylvanicus showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563743/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
suggests a clear north to south cline in increasing tooth count in files of 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA652B1FA1F05F0FA7C" box="[976,1191,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA652B1FA1F05F4FA7C" box="[976,1187,1484,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">G. pennsylvanicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Northern males from Vancouver may have as few as 124 teeth while a male in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6526EFA2202D3F990" box="[783,900,1520,1546]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
had 223 teeth, a difference of 99 teeth. Regressing number teeth vs. hind femur length (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0955FFA65337F9C603F1F9B5" box="[598,678,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="51.[151,250,985,1010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,966]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1435,174,966]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 36. Regression G. pennsylvanicus showing a weak correlation between number of file teeth and hind femur length, the latter a proxy for body size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563749/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) (the latter a good measurement of overall body size—see p. 17) we demonstrate that this cline in number of teeth is weakly related to body size (R 
<superScript id="67FF9BF60955FFA65564F9E5055AF9DF" attach="left" box="[1029,1037,1591,1605]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</superScript>
=0.486). In contrast, while males of 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA651F6F98F0055F9EC" box="[151,258,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA651F6F98F0055F9EC" box="[151,258,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
similarly double in size over their north to south distribution, number of teeth only increase from 116 to 175 (a difference of 59) in going south (
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0955FFA65336F95203E0F901" box="[599,695,1664,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 141" captionStartId="139.[151,250,894,919]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,166,874]" captionTargetId="figure@139.[151,1436,166,874]" captionTargetPageId="139" captionText="FIGURE 141. Map of G. veletis file tooth counts showing geographic variation. Tooth counts vary from 116 (Pecos, NM, S01- 45) to 175 (La Junta, CO, S87-65)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563946/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
, p. 
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0955FFA653BEF953025AF901" box="[735,781,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 140" captionStartId="138.[151,250,1273,1298]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,546,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@138.[151,1436,546,1254]" captionTargetPageId="138" captionText="FIGURE 140. Distribution of G. veletis specimens that we studied." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563944/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">140</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA651A6F9760193F8B1" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Where 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA6507BF97700BEF924" box="[282,489,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6507BF97700BEF924" box="[282,489,1700,1727]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric and synchronic with 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65210F977028AF924" box="[881,989,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65210F977028AF924" box="[881,989,1700,1727]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as at Kadoka, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA655EFF976047EF924" box="[1166,1321,1700,1726]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
(S97-87); Jensen, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65190F91A0070F978" box="[241,295,1736,1762]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Utah</collectingRegion>
(S99-127); Concordia, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65357F91B03D0F979" box="[566,647,1737,1763]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Kansas</collectingRegion>
(S02-50); 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65262F91B0203F979" box="[771,852,1737,1763]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Kansas</collectingRegion>
City, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA652FBF91A02A9F978" box="[922,1022,1736,1762]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Missouri</collectingRegion>
(S02-54); and 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA655CBF91B0457F979" box="[1194,1280,1737,1763]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Geneva</collectingRegion>
(S02-51) and Lincoln, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA6519CF93E0030F89C" box="[253,359,1772,1798]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
(S02-52), then ovipositor length in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA6539DF93F0230F89C" box="[764,871,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6539DF93F0230F89C" box="[764,871,1772,1799]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considerably shorter than 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA655F0F93F0408F89C" box="[1169,1375,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA655F0F93F0408F89C" box="[1169,1375,1772,1799]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0955FFA6540EF93E01E0F8B1" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1407,1060,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1435,1060,1863]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 37. Regression G. pennsylvanicus vs. G. veletis demonstrating longer ovipositors in the former taxa. Specimens from only the 6 localities discussed in text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563751/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0955FFA751A6F8E70470FE35" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1437,152,575]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
As an example, the two collected female 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA653EFF8E7020CF8D4" box="[654,859,1844,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA653EFF8E7020CF8D4" box="[654,859,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kadoka, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA65563F8E70571F8D5" box="[1026,1062,1845,1871]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">SD</collectingRegion>
(S97-87), both had ovipositors of 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA651F6F88A01ADF8E9" box="[151,250,1880,1907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
and hind femurs of 11.0 and 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA6535CF88B03F4F8E9" box="[573,675,1881,1907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
. A single female 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65200F88B029DF8E8" box="[865,970,1880,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65200F88B029DF8E8" box="[865,970,1880,1907]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the same locality, had an ovipositor of 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA651D6F8AF004CF80D" box="[183,283,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="11.7">11.7 mm</quantity>
and a hind femur of 
<quantity id="57729B5B0955FFA6536FF8AE0321F80D" box="[526,630,1916,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
. Both species sang from deep grass where individuals were difficult to collect. When synchronic and at the same temperature, field differences in 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0955FFA652BEF8730556F821" box="[991,1025,1953,1979]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">PR</collectingRegion>
between the two taxa are also easily appreciated as pulses in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA650C5F8170327F844" box="[420,624,1988,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA650C5F8170327F844" box="[420,624,1988,2015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at 20–25°C, are countable (as also seen in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA65533F81705A1F844" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1106,1270,1988,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicercus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA65533F81705A1F844" box="[1106,1270,1988,2015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G. longicercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0955FFA6544BF81704CAF845" box="[1322,1437,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0955FFA6544BF81704C3F845" box="[1322,1428,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="firmus">G. firmus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
especially when males have more than 170 file teeth. Pulses in 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA7522CFF4B02E1FF29" box="[845,950,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA7522CFF4B02E1FF29" box="[845,950,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not countable by ear at 20–25°C and the chirp rate is noticeably faster. For instance, we could hear a 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0954FFA75250FF6F0204FF4D" box="[817,851,189,215]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">PR</collectingRegion>
difference in Lincoln, 
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0954FFA75530FF6F05ECFF4D" box="[1105,1211,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
(S02-52) when a 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA754E0FF6F0188FF61" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA754E0FF6F0188FF61" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. veletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, with 148 teeth, was singing at 5 AM adjacent to a 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA7523CFF33057DFF61" box="[861,1066,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA7523CFF33057DFF61" box="[861,1066,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male with 169 teeth. We wonder if these two species, in such areas of synchronicity, may display character displacement in pulse rate as evidenced by some of the highest numbers of file teeth seen in any 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA75249FEFB02A0FED9" box="[808,1015,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA75249FEFB02A0FED9" box="[808,1015,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males? In other words, having more teeth in the file could result in a slower pulse rate since more teeth are being struck. We suspect that synchronicity between these two taxa is also more common than we document (also see 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA752BBFEA305A1FE16" author="Alexander, R. D. &amp; Meral, G. H." box="[986,1270,369,396]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="200 - 209" refId="ref157775" refString="Alexander, R. D. &amp; Meral, G. H. (1967) Seasonal and daily chirping cycles in the northern spring and fall field crickets, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus. The Ohio Journal of Science, 676, 200 - 209." type="journal article" year="1967">Alexander &amp; Meral 1967</bibRefCitation>
) because most of our field collecting was done in early summer since that is when most other 
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA7556AFE470508FE35" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1035,1119,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA7556AFE470508FE35" box="[1035,1119,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are adult.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D89065350954FFA751A6FE6B05CBFDA5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="903536BE0954FFA751A6FE6B02C6FD81" blockId="53.[151,1437,152,575]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0954FFA751A6FE6B00C3FE49" box="[199,404,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA751A6FE6B00C3FE49" box="[199,404,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been used for studies on pest potential (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA7521AFE6B0534FE49" author="Carmona, D. M. &amp; Menalled, F. D. &amp; Landis, D. A." box="[891,1123,441,467]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="825 - 829" refId="ref159512" refString="Carmona, D. M., Menalled, F. D. &amp; Landis, D. A. (1999) Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae): laboratory weed seed predation and within field activity-density. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, 825 - 829. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 92.4.825" type="journal article" year="1999">
Carmona 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA7528BFE680576FE49" box="[1002,1057,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
), calling and courtship (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA7540CFE6B0185FE6D" author="Zuk, M." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1240 - 1248" refId="ref169226" refString="Zuk, M. (1987) Variability in attractiveness of male field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) to females. Animal Behaviour, 35 (4), 1240 - 1248. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0003 - 3472 (87) 80182 - 3" type="journal article" year="1987">Zuk 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA75181FE0F009EFE6D" author="Harrison, S. J. &amp; Thomson, I. R. &amp; Grant, C. M. &amp; Bertram, S. M." box="[224,457,477,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="60356" refId="ref162191" refString="Harrison, S. J., Thomson, I. R., Grant, C. M. &amp; Bertram, S. M. (2013) Calling, courtship, and condition in the fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus. PLoS ONE, 8 (3), e 60356. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0060356" type="journal article" year="2013">
Harrison 
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0954FFA7502AFE0C0028FE6D" box="[331,383,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and behavior (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA7531FFE0F0222FE6D" author="French, B. W. &amp; Cade, W. H." box="[638,885,477,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="157 - 162" refId="ref160222" refString="French, B. W. &amp; Cade, W. H. (1987) The timing of calling, movement, and mating in the field crickets Gryllus veletis, G. pennsylvanicus, and G. integer. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 21, 157 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00303205" type="journal article" year="1987">French &amp; Cade 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA752E3FE0F02E9FE6D" author="French, B. W. &amp; Cade, W. H." box="[898,958,477,503]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref160285" refString="French, B. W. &amp; Cade, W. H. (1989) Sexual selection at varying population densities in male field crickets, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus. Journal of Insect Behavior, 2, 105 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01053621" type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
), as well as an extensive study of Hybrid Zones done in the R. Harrison lab—see discussion starting on p. 61.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903536BE0954FFA751A6FDF705CBFDA5" blockId="53.[151,1437,152,575]" box="[199,1180,548,575]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Mermithids (
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0954FFA75039FDF7032DFDA5" author="Poinar, G. Jr. &amp; Weissman, D. B." box="[344,634,549,575]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="143 - 147" refId="ref165578" refString="Poinar, G. Jr. &amp; Weissman, D. B. (2004) Hairworm and nematode infections of North American Jerusalem crickets, field crickets, and katydids (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae, Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 13, 143 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 (2004) 013 [0143: HANION] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Poinar &amp; Weissman 2004</bibRefCitation>
) present in one male from Sidney, MT (S97-95).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>