1104 lines
136 KiB
XML
1104 lines
136 KiB
XML
<document id="A77581FB08C7D15AF79BD35BC932C95F" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FFC7FFE7FD939AFF4F1B0CFE" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Carcharhinus mancinae Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C940D627-E666-474A-8383-B6B9F5A4D01E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7F0FC841F63C64F9F671CE39BF9CA9AF">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E20BE436C7DF70B8E47E282D0A63302">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2F827B0EEFAA0A1B282D8775C52BA119">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2AC2FECBF655BD188BE39CB26D2DEC5">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5046A406C897CDDC45B73EAA670B33AC">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B8AAFF08B4F3FB7E2420E76733408D87">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="743026CFA3AA072E53659CFBBADDD694">
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<mods:date id="42912CA6452250BEE608E4DA1DBFD854">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6E953EEB333D41374B5ECAAC8AA96F02">2019-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A626393B3714E5A58FEF3F6C3B054618">585</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8260315ED382926E0E834DC3E18165DA" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.585</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5B07268E359BD523F6F03621E01C67ED" type="Zenodo-Dep">3660259</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C866C3D9C9FC0EAFC0AC187F8F068F19" type="ZooBank">181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="18174D41FFC7FFE7FD939AFF4F1B0CFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664579" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162073067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664579" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C940D627-E666-474A-8383-B6B9F5A4D01E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FFC7FFE7FD939AFF4F1B0CFE" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC7FFEDFD939AFF4988093C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFD939AFF4E940AD1" blockId="66.[368,1219,1483,1584]" box="[597,991,1483,1510]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFFC7FFEDFD939AFF4E940AD1" box="[597,991,1483,1510]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC7FFEDFD939AFF4E360AD1" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[597,893,1483,1510]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFD939AFF4E360AD1" bold="true" box="[597,893,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC7FFEDFC429AF84E940AD1" box="[900,991,1484,1510]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFEB69AC44988093C" blockId="66.[368,1219,1483,1584]" box="[368,1219,1520,1547]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<uri id="E42FF055FFC7FFEDFEB69AC44988093C" box="[368,1219,1520,1547]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="E418C682FFC7FFEDFD579AC44988093C" box="[657,1219,1520,1547]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C940D627-E666-474A-8383-B6B9F5A4D01E</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC7FFEDFD1E99214E100907" box="[728,859,1557,1584]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFD1E99214E100907" blockId="66.[368,1219,1483,1584]" box="[728,859,1557,1584]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC7FFEDFD1E99214E100907" box="[728,859,1557,1584]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionStartId-1="70.[189,232,1507,1533]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetBox-1="[250,1345,273,1462]" captionTargetId-0="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetId-1="figure@70.[242,1353,265,1478]" captionTargetPageId-0="69" captionTargetPageId-1="70" captionText-0="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 26. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. referred specimens. A–C. MSC 38426.16, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Lingual view. B. Labial view. C. Mesial view. D–F. MSC 38424.1, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. D. Lingual view. E. Labial view. F. Mesial view. G–I. MSC 38424.5, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Labial view. I. Mesial view. J–L. MSC 38424.3, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. J. Lingual view. K. Labial view. L. Mesial view. M–O. MSC 38426.3, symphysial? tooth, basal Gosport Sand. M. Lingual view. N. Labial view. O. Mesial view. P–R. MSC 38426.2, lower anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. P. Lingual view. Q. Labial view. R. Mesial view. S–U. MSC 37522.3, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. S. Lingual view. T. Labial view. U. Mesial view. V–X. MSC 38424.2, lower lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Lingual view. W. Labial view. X. Mesial view. Y–AA. MSC 37522.1, lower posterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Y. Lingual view. Z. Labial view. AA. Mesial view. BB–DD. MSC 38426.4, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. BB. Lingual view. CC. Labial view. DD. Mesial view. EE–GG. MSC 38416, lower anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. EE. Lingual view. FF. Labial view. GG. Mesial view. HH–JJ. MSC 188.40, lower anterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. HH. Lingual view. II. Labial view. JJ. Mesial view. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660309" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3660309/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs 25–26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC7FFEDFF7B996C4E7709A0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B996C4EAD0945" blockId="66.[189,998,1624,1687]" box="[189,998,1624,1651]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFC7FFEDFF7B996C4EAD0945" box="[189,998,1624,1651]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC7FFEDFF7B996C4E1A0945" authority="- Thurmond & Jones 1981: 63" authorityName="- Thurmond & Jones" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1981" box="[189,849,1624,1651]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFF7B996C4CAA0945" box="[189,481,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFC7FFEDFE3B996C4E1A0945" author="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E." box="[509,849,1624,1651]" page="63" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="1981">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC7FFEDFE3B996C4E1A0945" author="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E." box="[509,849,1624,1651]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond & Jones 1981: 63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 28, left.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B99494E7709A0" blockId="66.[189,998,1624,1687]" box="[189,828,1661,1687]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFC7FFEDFF7B99494E7709A0" box="[189,828,1661,1687]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC7FFEDFF7B99494FF909A0" authority="- Manning 2003: 374" authorityName="- Manning" authorityPageNumber="374" authorityYear="2003" box="[189,690,1661,1687]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFF7B99494CE009A0" box="[189,427,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Galeocerdo latidens</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFC7FFEDFE0E99494FF909A0" author="Manning E. M." box="[456,690,1661,1687]" page="374" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC7FFEDFE0E99494FF909A0" author="Manning E. M." box="[456,690,1661,1687]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="366 - 385" refId="ref146265" refString="Manning E. M. 2003. The Eocene / Oligocene transition in marine vertebrates of the Gulf Coastal Plain. In: Prothro D. R., Ivany L. C. & Nesbitt, E. A. (eds) From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene- Oligocene Transition: 366 - 385. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book chapter" year="2003">Manning 2003: 374</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 21.3.2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC7FFEDFF7B99F449AE0819" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B99F44C0F09ED" blockId="66.[189,324,1728,1754]" box="[189,324,1728,1754]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFFC7FFEDFF7B99F44C0F09ED" bold="true" box="[189,324,1728,1754]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFF7B99F44C0F09ED" bold="true" box="[189,324,1728,1754]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B99C449AE0819" blockId="66.[189,1398,1776,1839]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The species name is dedicated to the late Lois Nickey Mancin of Birmingham,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFC7FFEDFB9299C4498A083D" box="[1108,1217,1776,1802]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC7FFEDFB0A99C44841083D" box="[1228,1290,1776,1802]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in honor of her years of volunteer service to MSC and her life-long dedication to science education.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC7FFECFF7B98634F4D0994" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B98634CE10846" blockId="66.[189,426,1879,1905]" box="[189,426,1879,1905]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC7FFEDFF7B98634CE10846" bold="true" box="[189,426,1879,1905]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFF7B98634CE10846" bold="true" box="[189,426,1879,1905]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF2C98BC4C170895" blockId="66.[189,1399,1928,2027]" box="[234,348,1928,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFF2C98BC4C170895" bold="true" box="[234,348,1928,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFC7FFEDFF2C98BC4C170895" box="[234,348,1928,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC7FFEDFF7B98994C2B08DC" blockId="66.[189,1399,1928,2027]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC7FFEDFF7B98994C2B08DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277995" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC7FFEDFF7B98994F0708F1" box="[189,588,1964,1991]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC7FFEDFDA098984F9308F1" bold="true" box="[614,728,1964,1990]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFC7FFEDFDA098984F9308F1" box="[614,728,1964,1990]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
• upper right lateral tooth;
|
||
<location id="9561AA8CFFC7FFEDFBC99898499308F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFC7FFE7FD939AFF4F1B0CFE:9561AA8CFFC7FFEDFBC99898499308F1" box="[1039,1240,1964,1990]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC7FFEDFB249898486B08F1" box="[1250,1312,1964,1990]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39036. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC7FFEDFF0098E54C5008DC" box="[198,283,2000,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF2C9E3F4C2C0E12" blockId="67.[189,1399,267,437]" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF2C9E3F4C2C0E12" bold="true" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFC6FFECFF2C9E3F4C2C0E12" box="[234,359,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9E1B483C0E82" blockId="67.[189,1399,267,437]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC6FFECFF7B9E1B4F230E5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277924" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFF7B9E1B4F190E7E" box="[189,594,303,329]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFDB69E1A4FA90E7F" bold="true" box="[624,738,302,328]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFC6FFECFDB69E1A4FA90E7F" box="[624,738,302,328]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 upper left anterior tooth; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFEF59E664C3A0E5B" box="[307,369,338,364]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39037 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC6FFECFE179E664F6E0E5A" box="[465,549,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
G–K)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC6FFECFD469E664CA20EA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277967" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1 upper left posterior tooth; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFF7B9E424DB00EA7" box="[189,251,374,400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39038 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC6FFECFE919E424CE20EA6" box="[343,425,374,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
V–Z)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC6FFECFE389E424C180E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277979" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1 lower right anterior tooth; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFB2C9E4248630EA7" box="[1258,1320,374,400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39040 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC6FFECFF009EAE4C530E82" box="[198,280,410,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
L–P)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC6FFECFEAC9EAE48390E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277959" box="[362,1394,410,437]" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
1 lower left lateral tooth; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFBFB9EAE49300E83" box="[1085,1147,410,436]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39041 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFC6FFECFB1F9EAE48660E82" box="[1241,1325,410,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
Q–U)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF2C9EE84C800EC1" blockId="67.[189,1399,476,717]" box="[234,459,476,502]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF2C9EE84C800EC1" bold="true" box="[234,459,476,502]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Referred material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9D344CB50DFA" blockId="67.[189,1399,476,717]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFC6FFECFF7B9D344CB10DFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277942" collectingDate="1996-01-09" collectionCode="ALMNH, MSC" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MSC 188.15, MSC 188.27, MSC 188.40, MSC 188.89, MSC 36952.1, 3, MSC 37522.1, MSC 38424.1, 9, MSC 38425.1, 2, MSC 38426.2, 4, MSC 38426.6, 20, MSC 38426.22, 58, MSC 38503.1, 5, MSC 38558.1" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Alabama">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFF7B9D344F270D2D" box="[189,620,512,538]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFD5D9ECB4E460D2E" bold="true" box="[667,781,511,537]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFC6FFECFD5D9ECB4E460D2E" box="[667,781,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
• 98 isolated teeth;
|
||
<location id="9561AA8CFFC6FFECFBE29ECB49B30D2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFC7FFE7FD939AFF4F1B0CFE:9561AA8CFFC6FFECFBE29ECB49B30D2D" box="[1060,1272,511,538]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFACD9D34483C0D2D" box="[1291,1399,512,538]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
PV1993.3.408,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFEB49D104C950D09" box="[370,478,548,574]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
PV
|
||
<date id="E400DA97FFC6FFECFDCD9D174F380D0A" box="[523,627,547,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1996-01-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F444237FFFC6FFECFDCD9D174F380D0A" box="[523,627,547,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1996-01-09">1996.1.9</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFDBA9D104FA30D09" box="[636,744,548,574]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
PV2016.3.74,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFC509D1749660D09" box="[918,1069,547,574]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFC509D174E9F0D0A" box="[918,980,547,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
188.15
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFBFE9D17499B0D0A" box="[1080,1232,547,573]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFBFE9D17493D0D0A" box="[1080,1142,547,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
188.27
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFB1C9D1748390D0A" box="[1242,1394,547,573]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFB1C9D1748530D0A" box="[1242,1304,547,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
188.40
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFF7B9D734C1C0D56" box="[189,343,583,609]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFF7B9D734DB00D56" box="[189,251,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
188.89
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFEA49D734CEB0D56" box="[354,416,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
12653,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFDC79D734F740D56" box="[513,575,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
12728,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFD599D734E030D55" box="[671,840,583,610]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFD599D734F960D56" box="[671,733,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
36952.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFC9E9D734E2F0D55" box="[856,868,583,610]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">3</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFCB69D734EE50D56" box="[880,942,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37448,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFBC89D7349070D56" box="[1038,1100,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37502,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFB6B9D73481E0D55" box="[1197,1365,583,610]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFB6B9D7349A00D56" box="[1197,1259,583,609]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37522.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFAA39D73483A0D55" box="[1381,1393,583,610]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">3</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFF7B9D5F4DB00DB2" box="[189,251,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37532,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFE9E9D5F4CDD0DB2" box="[344,406,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37896,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFE359D5F4F7A0DB2" box="[499,561,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38416,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFD4B9D5F4F800DB2" box="[653,715,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38423,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFCEE9D5F4E850DB2" box="[808,974,619,645]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFCEE9D5F4E2D0DB2" box="[808,870,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38424.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFC189D5F4EA70DB2" box="[990,1004,619,645]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">9</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFC309D5F49D70DB1" box="[1014,1180,619,646]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFC309D5F497F0DB2" box="[1014,1076,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38425.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFB6A9D5F49F10DB1" box="[1196,1210,619,646]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFB029D5F482C0DB2" box="[1220,1383,619,645]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFB029D5F48490DB2" box="[1220,1282,619,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.2
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFF7B9DBB4D850D9E" box="[189,206,655,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">4</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFF1C9DBB4CCA0D9F" box="[218,385,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFF1C9DBB4C530D9E" box="[218,280,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.6
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFE569DBA4CE60D9F" box="[400,429,654,680]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">20</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFE7E9DBB4F250D9E" box="[440,622,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFE7E9DBB4CBD0D9E" box="[440,502,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.22
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFDB89DBA4FD10D9E" box="[638,666,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">58</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFD639DBB4E060D9E" box="[677,845,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFD639DBB4FA80D9E" box="[677,739,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38503.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFC9B9DBA4E210D9E" box="[861,874,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">5</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFCB39DBB4EF80D9E" box="[885,947,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38546,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFBD79DBB49F30D9E" box="[1041,1208,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFBD79DBB49040D9E" box="[1041,1103,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38558.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFC6FFECFB0E9DBA499D0D9E" box="[1224,1238,654,681]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFB279DBB48540D9E" box="[1249,1311,655,681]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38798,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC6FFECFF7B9D864DB00DFB" box="[189,251,690,716]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38863 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFC6FFECFE9A9D864CB80DFA" box="[348,499,690,717]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9DC04CDF0C39" blockId="67.[189,404,756,782]" box="[189,404,756,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC6FFECFF7B9DC04CDF0C39" bold="true" box="[189,404,756,782]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF7B9DC04CDF0C39" bold="true" box="[189,404,756,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Stratum typicum</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9C174E550C09" blockId="67.[189,798,803,830]" box="[189,798,803,830]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Basal Gosport Sand, middle Bartonian, Zone NP17.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9C524C220C48" blockId="67.[189,361,869,896]" box="[189,361,869,896]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC6FFECFF7B9C524C220C48" bold="true" box="[189,361,869,896]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF7B9C524C220C48" bold="true" box="[189,361,869,896]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Locus typicus</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9CA04FF10C98" blockId="67.[189,698,916,943]" box="[189,698,916,943]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Site ACl-4, Clarke County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFC6FFECFE399CA04F270C99" box="[511,620,916,942]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFDBE9CA14FFD0C98" box="[632,694,917,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9CE24C820CC7" blockId="67.[189,457,982,1008]" box="[189,457,982,1008]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC6FFECFF7B9CE24C820CC7" bold="true" box="[189,457,982,1008]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF7B9CE24C820CC7" bold="true" box="[189,457,982,1008]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B9B314F4D0994" blockId="67.[189,1399,1029,1700]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
This species can be differentiated from most other Claiborne Group chondrichthyans by the presence of compound and/or double serrations, which are absent on all taxa except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFBD19B1D4DB30B5F" authority="White, 1956" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFBD19B1D486B0B74" box="[1047,1312,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFAE19B1D4DB30B5F" author="White E. I." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFEF29B794F080B5F" authority="" box="[308,579,1101,1128]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Otodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Carcharocles">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFEF29B794CC20B50" box="[308,393,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Otodus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFE5D9B794F720B50" box="[411,569,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharocles</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Further separated from the carcharhiniforms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFB4A9B794DB10BBC" authority="Cappetta, 1980" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Abdounia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFB4A9B7949B50B50" box="[1164,1278,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Abdounia</emphasis>
|
||
Cappetta, 1980
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFECD9B454CD60BBC" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[267,413,1137,1163]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Galeorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFECD9B454CD60BBC" box="[267,413,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Galeorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFE769B464F720BBC" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1843" box="[432,569,1138,1163]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Hemigaleidae" genus="Hemipristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFE769B464F720BBC" box="[432,569,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hemipristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFD8A9B464F820BBC" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" box="[588,713,1138,1163]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Negaprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFD8A9B464F820BBC" box="[588,713,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Negaprion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFD1A9B454E390BBC" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1992" box="[732,882,1137,1163]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Pachygaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFD1A9B454E390BBC" box="[732,882,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pachygaleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFC7D9B4549040BBC" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[955,1103,1137,1163]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFC7D9B4549040BBC" box="[955,1103,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Physogaleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of fine mesial and distal serrations that extend to the apex of the main cusp. Differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFB2B9BA14C7F0BE5" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFB2B9BA14C7F0BE5" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of erect and triangular upper anterior teeth, lower lateral teeth with a narrower and more erect crown, uniformly concave distal cutting edge with compound serrations medially, and lateral teeth have a more pronounced and ‘pinched’ lingual root protuberance. This species is separated from the following Paleogene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFDF79A104F990A09" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[561,722,1316,1342]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFDF79A104F990A09" box="[561,722,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC6FFECFD1B9A104E390A0A" box="[733,882,1315,1342]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFCB89A1749940A09" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[894,1247,1315,1342]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species: the lower Lutetian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFEBC9A734FC40A55" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[378,655,1351,1378]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcaisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFEBC9A734FC40A55" box="[378,655,1351,1378]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus marçaisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFC689A7349340A55" author="Arambourg C." box="[942,1151,1351,1378]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref136183" refString="Arambourg C. 1952. Les vertebres fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by having serrated cutting edges; the middle Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFD9C9A5F4FB00AB2" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[602,763,1387,1413]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFD9C9A5F4FB00AB2" box="[602,763,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFCB09A5F4E9F0AB2" box="[886,980,1387,1413]" name="Jamaica" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFC219A5F48700AB2" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[999,1339,1387,1413]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the middle-to-late Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFE0B9ABB4F250A9E" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[461,622,1423,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFE0B9ABB4F250A9E" box="[461,622,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFD209ABB4E670A9E" box="[742,812,1423,1449]" name="Egypt" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFCFB9ABB49130A9E" author="Underwood C. J. & Ward D. J. & King C. & Antar S. M. & Zalmout I. S. & Gingerich P. D." box="[829,1112,1423,1449]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="47 - 66" refId="ref152691" refString="Underwood C. J., Ward D. J., King C., Antar S. M., Zalmout I. S. & Gingerich P. D., 2011. Shark and ray faunas in the middle and late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 122 (1): 47 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pgeola. 2010.09.004" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Underwood
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFC129AA4495A0A9E" box="[980,1041,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the middle-to-late Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFEDB9A874F1E0AFA" box="[285,597,1459,1485]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFEDB9A874F1E0AFA" box="[285,597,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFD559A874E7F0AFA" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[659,820,1459,1485]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFD559A874E7F0AFA" box="[659,820,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFC6B9A8749700AFA" box="[941,1083,1459,1485]" name="Madagascar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFB8A9A87480C0AFA" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[1100,1351,1459,1485]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFB059A87484A0AFA" box="[1219,1281,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by having compound and/or double serrations and a more ‘pinched’ and pronounced lingual root boss; the Priabonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFEB39ACE4FE70923" box="[373,684,1530,1556]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFEB39ACE4FE70923" box="[373,684,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC6FFECFD3C9ACE4E160923" box="[762,861,1530,1556]" name="Pakistan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFCA09ACE49770923" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[870,1084,1530,1556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFC7E9ACF4EBD0923" box="[952,1014,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by having a less concave distal cutting edge, shorter and mesiodistally thinner crown in all anterior and lateral tooth positions, and pointed (as opposed to rounded) serrations on the lower two-thirds of the crown; and the Chattian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC6FFECFF7B99514FEE0948" authority="Adnet et al., 2007" authorityName="Adnet" authorityYear="2007" box="[189,677,1637,1664]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF7B99514C890948" box="[189,450,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Carcharhinus perseus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC6FFECFE0C99514FEE0948" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[458,677,1637,1664]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFDDA99524F120948" box="[540,601,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having compound serrations and mesiodistally narrower crown in all tooth positions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC6FFEBFF7B99FF4E4A098E" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFECFF7B99FF4C0509D2" blockId="67.[189,334,1739,1765]" box="[189,334,1739,1765]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC6FFECFF7B99FF4C0509D2" bold="true" box="[189,334,1739,1765]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC6FFECFF7B99FF4C0509D2" bold="true" box="[189,334,1739,1765]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC6FFEBFF7B99CF49000E82" blockId="67.[189,1399,1786,2028]" lastBlockId="68.[189,1399,267,437]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">UPPER ANTERIOR TEETH. Teeth with broad, triangular crown. Crown erect, slightly inclined distally in anterolateral files. Mesial cutting edge elongate, slightly concave medially, slightly convex apically. Distal cutting edge elongate, concave to slightly angular medially, upper half weakly convex but less so than mesial edge. Labial crown face weakly concave medially; lingual face strongly and evenly convex. Base of the labial crown face is slightly bulbous. Crown enameloid smooth. Mesial and distal serrations coarse, weakly compound (by compound we mean one or more additional serrae located on the primary serration) and/or doubly serrate (where a serration is partially divided), extending along entire length of cutting edges. Largest mesial and distal serrations located medially on the cutting edges; serrations decrease in size both apically and basally. Root bilobate, with widely diverging, angular lobes that do not extend past mesial and distal ends of crown; distal root lobe mesiodistally wider than mesial root lobe. Root significantly higher lingually than labially. V-shaped lingual dental band. Lingual root protuberance is not well demarcated, but with wide, shallow nutritive groove.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEBFF7B9EE94F070C22" blockId="68.[189,1399,476,789]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">LOWER ANTERIOR TEETH. Teeth with tall, mesiodistally narrow, triangular main cusp. Crown erect; apex with slight labial bend; cusp distally inclined in anterolateral files. Mesial and distal cutting edges elongate, sinuous, concave medially but convex basally and apically. Labial crown face is flat; lingual face is strongly convex. Mesial and distal cutting edges coarsely serrated along entire length, compound and/or doubly serrate; largest serrations located medially on both edges, reducing in size apically and basally. Root lobes short, rounded, strongly divergent, labiolingually flattened; distal root lobe slightly larger than mesial lobe. Interlobe area shallow, U-shaped. Root higher lingually than labially; lobes extend slightly beyond mesial and distal crown margins. Conspicuous but low lingual root protuberance bisected by deep nutritive groove.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEBFF7B9C09482C0B8B" blockId="68.[189,1399,828,1212]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">UPPER AND LOWER LATERAL TEETH. Teeth with tall, triangular crown; with distally inclined cusp. Labial crown face flat, lingual face convex; both crown faces smooth. Mesial cutting edge elongate, slightly concave near the base but apical half convex. Distal cutting edge elongate, with straight apical half, strongly concave medially, transitioning to straight oblique heel. Medial concavity uniformly curving, not angular; distal heel not distinctively separated from apical half of cutting edge. Cutting edges complete across entire edge, coarsely serrated; serrations compound and/or doubly serrate. Mesially, largest serrations are located on the basal half of cutting edge, becoming finer apically. On distal edge, largest serrations located medially, slightly decreasing in size basally, significantly finer on apical half. First large serration on distal edge always compound. Root lobes short, rounded, strongly divergent. Root higher lingually than labially, with lobes extending slightly past the lateral extent of the crown. Interlobe area shallow and U-shaped. Pronounced lingual root boss bisected by deep nutritive groove.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEBFF7B9BD0492B0A72" blockId="68.[189,1399,1251,1349]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lower lateral teeth are similar to those in upper lateral files but differ by the following: main cusp mesiodistally narrower and shorter; mesial edge straighter; upper half of the distal edge of main cusp is more convex; and interlobe area is shallow and V-shaped rather than U-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEBFF7B9A444E4A098E" blockId="68.[189,1399,1391,1721]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">UPPER POSTERIOR TEETH. Teeth mesiodistally wider than tall, with short, distally inclined cusp. Mesial cutting edge elongate, uniformly convex, serrated along entire length. Basal two-thirds of the distal cutting edge is weakly convex; apical one-third weakly convex. Mesial serrations generally coarsest medially; much finer basally and apically. Distal cutting edge very short, straight to weakly convex, finely serrated. Distinct distal heel forms notch with distal cutting edge; heel very coarsely serrated; serrations decrease in size distally. Serrations on cutting edges compound and/or doubly serrate. Labial crown face flat to slightly convex; lingual face is more strongly convex; both crown faces lack ornamentation. Root lobes very short, rounded, highly diverging. Very shallow U-shaped interlobe area. Weak lingual protuberance bisected by a deep nutritive groove.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFC1FFE7FF7B99D64F1B0CFE" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEBFF7B99D64C6409CB" blockId="68.[189,303,1762,1788]" box="[189,303,1762,1788]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFC1FFEBFF7B99D64C6409CB" bold="true" box="[189,303,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFF7B99D64C6409CB" bold="true" box="[189,303,1762,1788]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC1FFEAFF7B982749AD0D42" blockId="68.[189,1399,1811,2028]" lastBlockId="69.[189,1399,267,630]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
The fossil record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC1FFEBFE7798274F19081A" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[433,594,1811,1837]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFE7798274F19081A" box="[433,594,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC1FFEBFD5E98274E72081A" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[664,825,1811,1837]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFD5E98274E72081A" box="[664,825,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like taxa) was reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFB4D98274839081A" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[1163,1394,1811,1837]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFB1A98204853081A" box="[1244,1304,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFF7B980D4C360864" author="Cappetta H." box="[189,381,1849,1875]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref137948" refString="Cappetta H. 2012. Chondrichthyes (Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, Teeth). Handbook of Palaeoichthyology. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." type="book" year="2012">Cappetta (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFE7A980D4E5C0864" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[444,791,1849,1875]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although the origins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC1FFEBFBFD980D49970864" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1083,1244,1849,1875]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFBFD980D49970864" box="[1083,1244,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC1FFEBFB22980E483D0864" box="[1252,1398,1849,1876]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFF7B986B4F56084E" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[189,541,1887,1913]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have not been resolved, the oldest representative of the genus appears to be the early Lutetian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC1FFEBFE2E98B14EB90897" authority="(Arambourg, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[488,1010,1925,1952]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcaisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFE2E98B14FB70897" box="[488,764,1925,1952]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Carcharhinus marçaisi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFCC898B14EA20897" author="Arambourg C." box="[782,1001,1925,1952]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref136183" refString="Arambourg C. 1952. Les vertebres fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFC1FFEBFB6B98B1485F08A8" box="[1197,1300,1925,1951]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for this taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC1FFEBFECB989F4C9708F1" author="Arambourg C." box="[269,476,1963,1990]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref136183" refString="Arambourg C. 1952. Les vertebres fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 26, figs 31–48) appear better aligned with our definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC1FFEBFB049898487408F2" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" box="[1218,1343,1964,1989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Negaprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC1FFEBFB049898487408F2" box="[1218,1343,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Negaprion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) as they are unserrated, have a narrow main cusp, and have an asymmetrical T-shaped outline. In contrast, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFEB79E384CA80E12" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[369,483,268,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEB79E384CA80E12" box="[369,483,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology described herein is appropriately assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFB4B9E3F48650E12" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1165,1326,267,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB4B9E3F48650E12" box="[1165,1326,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC0FFEAFAF39E384C4D0E7C" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
because it has upper teeth with a broader main cusp than those in the corresponding lower files, and all cutting edges are completely serrated to the apex. When compared to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFB649E6248080E47" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1186,1347,342,368]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB649E6248080E47" box="[1186,1347,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
jaw sets at MSC, SC, and figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC0FFEAFDF89E4F4E020EA2" author="Voigt M. & Weber D." box="[574,841,379,405]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref153045" refString="Voigt M. & Weber D. 2011. Field Guide for Sharks of the Genus Carcharhinus. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." type="book" year="2011">Voigt & Weber (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the teeth in our sample appear most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFEE79E954E320E8C" authority="(Muller & Henle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[289,889,417,443]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEE79E954F170E8C" box="[289,604,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Carcharhinus amboinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller & Henle, 1839)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFC779E954C4F0ED7" authority="(Muller & Henle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFC779E9549EF0E8C" box="[945,1188,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Carcharhinus leucas</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller & Henle, 1839)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two members of the
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFDF49EF24E510ED7" box="[562,794,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFDF49EF24F360ED7" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[562,637,454,480]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">leucas</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFD419EF24E510ED7" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[647,794,454,480]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species group as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC0FFEAFBB79EF2486E0ED7" author="Garrick J. A. F." box="[1137,1317,454,480]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref142239" refString="Garrick J. A. F. 1982. Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 445: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These two extant taxa have similar dentitions that are characterized by having broadly triangular upper teeth, narrower crowned triangular lower teeth that are more erect, and completely serrated cutting edges. The similarities between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFE249D034F330D67" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[482,632,567,593]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE249D034F330D67" box="[482,632,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC0FFEAFD449D034F940D66" box="[642,735,567,593]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth in our sample and the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFB4D9D0348080D67" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1163,1347,566,593]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB4D9D0348080D67" box="[1163,1347,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C. amboinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFF7B9D684C610D42" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[189,298,603,630]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFF7B9D684C610D42" box="[189,298,603,630]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C. leucas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
led us to place our fossil teeth into the generalized tooth groups described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFC0FFEAFF7B99A74C0408DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" targetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" targetPageId="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC0FFEAFF7B99A74C0408DD" blockId="69.[189,1399,1683,2026]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFF7B99A74C57099A" bold="true" box="[189,284,1683,1709]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC0FFEAFEE099A74F08099A" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[294,579,1683,1709]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEE099A74F08099A" box="[294,579,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC0FFEAFD8B99A74FE0099A" box="[589,683,1683,1709]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
hypodigm.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFCFB99A74E38099A" bold="true" box="[829,883,1683,1709]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC0FFEAFC4299A74E89099A" box="[900,962,1683,1709]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFDCF99824F5509E7" bold="true" box="[521,542,1718,1744]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Close–up of mesial compound serrations.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFBE99982490809E7" bold="true" box="[1071,1091,1718,1744]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB329982484209E7" bold="true" box="[1268,1289,1718,1744]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEC099ED4C5009C4" bold="true" box="[262,283,1753,1779]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE1699ED4CAF09C4" bold="true" box="[464,484,1753,1779]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFDBA99ED4FC509C4" bold="true" box="[636,654,1753,1779]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFCF299ED4E3B09C4" bold="true" box="[820,880,1753,1779]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">G–K</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC0FFEAFC4499ED4E8B09C4" box="[898,960,1753,1779]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE3199C84F450821" bold="true" box="[503,526,1788,1814]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFD7799C94F830820" bold="true" box="[689,712,1789,1815]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFCBA99C94ECC0820" bold="true" box="[892,903,1789,1815]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFBF699C949740820" bold="true" box="[1072,1087,1789,1815]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB0A99C949A80820" bold="true" box="[1228,1251,1789,1815]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFF7B98144DBA080D" bold="true" box="[189,241,1824,1850]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L–P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC0FFEAFEC698144C75080D" box="[256,318,1824,1850]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFBF198144900080D" bold="true" box="[1079,1099,1824,1850]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB3798144846080D" bold="true" box="[1265,1293,1824,1850]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEC098774C50086A" bold="true" box="[262,283,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE1698774CAC086A" bold="true" box="[464,487,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFD4698774FD9086A" bold="true" box="[640,658,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFCFE98774E38086A" bold="true" box="[824,883,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Q–U</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC0FFEAFC4298774E89086A" box="[900,962,1859,1885]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE3398524F4708B7" bold="true" box="[501,524,1894,1920]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Q</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFD6998524F8F08B7" bold="true" box="[687,708,1894,1920]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">R</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFCB198524ECC08B7" bold="true" box="[887,903,1894,1920]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFBE99852490808B7" bold="true" box="[1071,1091,1894,1920]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">T</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB08985249A808B7" bold="true" box="[1230,1251,1894,1920]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">U</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFF7B98BD4DBF0894" bold="true" box="[189,244,1929,1955]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">V–Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC0FFEAFEC598BD4C0A0894" box="[259,321,1929,1955]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFBF398BD49010894" bold="true" box="[1077,1098,1929,1955]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">V</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFB3698BD48460894" bold="true" box="[1264,1293,1929,1955]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">W</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFEC098994C5008F0" bold="true" box="[262,283,1965,1991]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">X</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFE1698994CAE08F0" bold="true" box="[464,485,1965,1991]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Y</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC0FFEAFDB998994FD808F0" bold="true" box="[639,659,1965,1991]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Z</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFC3FFE9FF7B9AD74C9008DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660309/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[189,232,1507,1533]" targetBox="[250,1345,273,1462]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC3FFE9FF7B9AD74C9008DD" blockId="70.[189,1399,1507,2026]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FF7B9AD74C520ACA" bold="true" box="[189,281,1507,1533]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC3FFE9FEE69AD74F710ACA" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[288,570,1507,1533]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FEE69AD74F710ACA" box="[288,570,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC3FFE9FD849AD04FD70AC9" box="[578,668,1508,1534]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
referred specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC499AD74E830ACA" bold="true" box="[911,968,1507,1533]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FC119AD7495E0ACA" box="[983,1045,1507,1533]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.16, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FE6899324C880917" bold="true" box="[430,451,1542,1568]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FDBE99324FC70917" bold="true" box="[632,652,1542,1568]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCF699324E0E0917" bold="true" box="[816,837,1542,1568]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC289932496F0917" bold="true" box="[1006,1060,1542,1568]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FBF49932493B0917" box="[1074,1136,1542,1568]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38424.1, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FE3D991E4F5B0973" bold="true" box="[507,528,1578,1604]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD0E991E4F970973" bold="true" box="[712,732,1578,1604]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC44991E4EDF0973" bold="true" box="[898,916,1578,1604]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB86991D493A0974" bold="true" box="[1088,1137,1577,1603]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FB46991E49F50973" box="[1152,1214,1578,1604]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38424.5, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD8C99784F2A0951" bold="true" box="[586,609,1612,1638]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCDE99794E640950" bold="true" box="[792,815,1613,1639]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC1399794EAB0950" bold="true" box="[981,992,1613,1639]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB4D997949F70950" bold="true" box="[1163,1212,1613,1639]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J–L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FB0D997948420950" box="[1227,1289,1613,1639]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38424.3, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD5A99444FE009BD" bold="true" box="[668,683,1648,1674]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCA399444E3709BD" bold="true" box="[869,892,1648,1674]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FBE39944497209BD" bold="true" box="[1061,1081,1648,1674]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB2E9944486209BD" bold="true" box="[1256,1321,1648,1674]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">M–O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FAFE9944483D09BD" box="[1336,1398,1648,1674]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.3, symphysial? tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCD399A74E7A099A" bold="true" box="[789,817,1683,1709]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC3699A7494E099A" bold="true" box="[1008,1029,1683,1709]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB7399A74987099A" bold="true" box="[1205,1228,1683,1709]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FF7B99824DB809E7" bold="true" box="[189,243,1718,1744]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P–R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FECE99824C0D09E7" box="[264,326,1718,1744]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.2, lower anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC1E99824EA109E7" bold="true" box="[984,1002,1718,1744]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB729982498009E7" bold="true" box="[1204,1227,1718,1744]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Q</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FF7B99EE4D9909C3" bold="true" box="[189,210,1754,1780]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">R</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FEBA99ED4CFB09C4" bold="true" box="[380,432,1753,1779]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S–U</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FE7899EE4CB709C3" box="[446,508,1754,1780]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37522.3, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB8399ED491E09C4" bold="true" box="[1093,1109,1753,1779]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FACC99EE485509C3" bold="true" box="[1290,1310,1754,1780]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">T</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FEC399C94C510820" bold="true" box="[261,282,1789,1815]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">U</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FE0D99C94F4F0820" bold="true" box="[459,516,1789,1815]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">V–X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FDD299C94F190820" box="[532,594,1789,1815]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38424.2, lower lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB6899C949880820" bold="true" box="[1198,1219,1789,1815]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">V</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FF7B98144D91080D" bold="true" box="[189,218,1824,1850]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">W</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FE4698144CDE080D" bold="true" box="[384,405,1824,1850]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">X</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD8698144FC5080D" bold="true" box="[576,654,1824,1850]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Y–AA</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FD5B98144F90080D" box="[669,731,1824,1850]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37522.1, lower posterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FF7B98774D99086A" bold="true" box="[189,210,1859,1885]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Y</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FE4898774CE9086A" bold="true" box="[398,418,1859,1885]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Z</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD8B98774F3C086A" bold="true" box="[589,631,1859,1885]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">AA</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCEE98774EC3086A" bold="true" box="[808,904,1859,1885]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">BB–DD</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FC5F98774E9C086A" box="[921,983,1859,1885]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38426.4, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FEB598524CD108B7" bold="true" box="[371,410,1894,1920]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">BB</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD9A98524FCD08B7" bold="true" box="[604,646,1894,1920]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">CC</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCFE98524E2908B7" bold="true" box="[824,866,1894,1920]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">DD</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FBDF9852493708B7" bold="true" box="[1049,1148,1894,1920]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">EE–GG</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FB499852498608B7" box="[1167,1229,1894,1920]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38416, lower anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FD9E98BE4F340893" bold="true" box="[600,639,1930,1956]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">EE</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FCF598BE4E1C0893" bold="true" box="[819,855,1930,1956]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FF</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC3D98BD49620894" bold="true" box="[1019,1065,1929,1955]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">GG</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB1798BE48600893" bold="true" box="[1233,1323,1930,1956]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">HH–JJ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFC3FFE9FAFE98BE483D0893" box="[1336,1398,1930,1956]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
188.40, lower anterolateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FC8D98994E3208F0" bold="true" box="[843,889,1965,1991]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">HH</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FBF09899490608F0" bold="true" box="[1078,1101,1965,1991]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">II</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC3FFE9FB3F9899485D08F0" bold="true" box="[1273,1302,1965,1991]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">JJ</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesial view. Scale bars = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC2FFE8FF7B9E3F4FC90C0A" blockId="71.[189,1399,267,829]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Within our sample we identified upper and lower anterior and lateral teeth, and upper posterior teeth. These tooth groups indicate that the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD309E06495A0E7C" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[758,1041,306,332]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD309E06495A0E7C" box="[758,1041,306,332]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FBDE9E0649390E7B" box="[1048,1138,306,332]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exhibits monognathic and dignathic heterodonty similar to the dentitions of several extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBCE9E6C49E20E45" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1032,1193,344,370]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBCE9E6C49E20E45" box="[1032,1193,344,370]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Despite the variations in tooth morphology we observed in the fossil species, all the teeth can be attributed to the same taxon due to the presence of coarse compound and/or double serrations both mesially and distally, by having a tall and triangular main cusp with finer serrations that extend to the apex, and by the lack of a distinct distal notch on all but posterior positions. The combination of these characteristics separates these teeth from those of all other taxa in our Claiborne Group sample. The one taxon in our sample that could be confused with the new species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FC919D09492A0D60" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[855,1121,573,599]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FC919D09492A0D60" box="[855,1121,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this species lacks the dignathic heterodonty observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD169D574EA60D4A" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[720,1005,611,637]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD169D574EA60D4A" box="[720,1005,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FC319D50491D0D49" box="[1015,1110,612,638]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, as the upper and lower teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FEE79DBE4CF50D94" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[289,446,649,676]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FEE79DBE4CF50D94" box="[289,446,649,676]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are difficult to differentiate, and the dentition lacks the erect triangular anterior tooth morphologies attributed to the new species. Although the upper posterior teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FB269D84483D0DFE" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1248,1398,688,714]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FB269D84483D0DFE" box="[1248,1398,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FF7B9DE24C530DC7" box="[189,280,726,752]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are morphologically similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD299DE24EC10DC7" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[751,906,726,752]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD299DE24EC10DC7" box="[751,906,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they can be differentiated by the absence of a distinct distal notch, and by having a distinctive ‘pinched’ lingual root protuberance that is more pronounced than that on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FE279C174F300C0B" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[481,635,802,829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FE279C174F300C0B" box="[481,635,802,829]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC2FFE8FF7B9C524E7C0B85" blockId="71.[189,1399,870,1203]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FF7B9C524CFE0CB6" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[189,437,870,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FED59C534C1E0CB6" box="[275,341,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FE0E9C534FC40CB6" author="Cappetta H." box="[456,655,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref137948" refString="Cappetta H. 2012. Chondrichthyes (Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, Teeth). Handbook of Palaeoichthyology. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." type="book" year="2012">Cappetta (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FD649C52495A0CB6" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[674,1041,870,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FB989C52483D0CB6" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[1118,1398,870,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FB1E9C5348510CB6" box="[1240,1306,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized several species of Paleogene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD6A9CB94E060C90" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[684,845,909,935]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD6A9CB94E060C90" box="[684,845,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FC9E9CB94EBB0C90" box="[856,1008,909,935]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBB19CB948450C90" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1143,1294,909,935]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBB19CB948450C90" box="[1143,1294,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FADF9CB9483C0C90" box="[1305,1399,909,935]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be differentiated from the early Lutetian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD1B9C8749950CF9" authority="(Arambourg, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[733,1246,947,974]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcaisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD1B9C874EA40CF9" box="[733,1007,947,974]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus marçaisi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FBC69C87499D0CF9" author="Arambourg C." box="[1024,1238,947,974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref136183" refString="Arambourg C. 1952. Les vertebres fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a wider crown and completely serrated cutting edges. The presence of compound and/or double serrations differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FE989B344CB90B2E" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[350,498,1024,1050]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FE989B344CB90B2E" box="[350,498,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FE3C9B344F1F0B2D" box="[506,596,1024,1050]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD009CCB4E2C0B2E" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[710,871,1023,1049]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD009CCB4E2C0B2E" box="[710,871,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. teeth figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FB909CCB483D0B2E" author="Underwood C. J. & Ward D. J. & King C. & Antar S. M. & Zalmout I. S. & Gingerich P. D." box="[1110,1398,1023,1049]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="47 - 66" refId="ref152691" refString="Underwood C. J., Ward D. J., King C., Antar S. M., Zalmout I. S. & Gingerich P. D., 2011. Shark and ray faunas in the middle and late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 122 (1): 47 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pgeola. 2010.09.004" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Underwood
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FB2E9B3448690B2E" box="[1256,1314,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the late Eocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC2FFE8FE129B124F510B77" box="[468,538,1062,1088]" name="Egypt" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FDB09B114E800B77" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[630,971,1061,1088]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the middle Eocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC2FFE8FAD79B1148380B08" box="[1297,1395,1061,1087]" name="Jamaica" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, both of which have simple serrations. The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FCE79B784EFC0B51" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[801,951,1100,1126]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FCE79B784EFC0B51" box="[801,951,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FC069B7849560B51" box="[960,1053,1100,1126]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differ from those of the Oligocene (Chattian)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FE029B464EFC0BBB" authority="Adnet et al., 2007" authorityName="Adnet" authorityYear="2007" box="[452,951,1138,1165]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FE029B464F870BBB" box="[452,716,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus perseus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FD109B464EFC0BBB" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[726,951,1138,1165]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FCEF9B474E220BBB" box="[809,873,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having compound and/or double serrations and a narrower crown in all tooth positions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC2FFE8FF7B9BE94F480AEB" blockId="71.[189,1399,1245,1500]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FF7B9BE94C9D0BC1" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,470,1245,1271]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FF7B9BE94C9D0BC1" box="[189,470,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FE1A9BE94F7F0BC0" box="[476,564,1245,1271]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
closely resembles the Priabonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FC7D9BE948730BC0" authority="Adnet et al., 2007" authorityName="Adnet" authorityYear="2007" box="[955,1336,1245,1271]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FC7D9BE9492C0BC0" box="[955,1127,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FBAC9BE948730BC0" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[1130,1336,1245,1271]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FB719BE949BB0BC0" box="[1207,1264,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC2FFE8FF7B9A374C6F0A2A" box="[189,292,1283,1309]" name="Pakistan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, the upper lateral teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD109A374ECF0A2A" box="[726,900,1283,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD109A374ECF0A2A" box="[726,900,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBBB9A3748580A2A" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1149,1299,1283,1309]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBBB9A3748580A2A" box="[1149,1299,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FADD9A37483C0A2A" box="[1307,1399,1283,1309]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by having a less concave distal cutting edge. Furthermore, the anterior and lateral tooth positions known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FF219A644CD80A5E" box="[231,403,1359,1386]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FF219A644CD80A5E" box="[231,403,1359,1386]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a taller and mesiodistally thicker main cusp that is not as basally constricted at the base. Finally, the large serrations on the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FCD09A424EE20AB8" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[790,937,1398,1424]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FCD09A424EE20AB8" box="[790,937,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FC699A4249420AA7" box="[943,1033,1398,1424]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are more irregular and pointed, and the largest distal serration (located just below the finer apical serrations) projects further distally than that on
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FE899AF64F480AEB" box="[335,515,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FE899AF64CB40AEB" box="[335,511,1474,1500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">C. balochensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFC2FFE7FF7B9932486C0ED5" blockId="71.[189,1399,1542,2027]" lastBlockId="72.[189,1399,267,482]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FF7B99324C890917" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[189,450,1542,1568]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FEF799334C270917" box="[305,364,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD4199324EF60917" box="[647,957,1542,1568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD4199324EF60917" box="[647,957,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Carcharhinus underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on teeth from middle-to-upper Eocene deposits in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFC2FFE8FE6F99184F720971" box="[425,569,1580,1606]" name="Madagascar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As part of their type description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FC1A991849AC0970" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[988,1255,1580,1607]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FB94991949C40971" box="[1106,1167,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred all but one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFC2FFE8FEB699674C9C095A" box="[368,471,1619,1645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FDC599674FF8095A" box="[515,691,1619,1645]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FDC599674FF8095A" box="[515,691,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FD1B99674E88095A" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." box="[733,963,1619,1645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FCE899604E27095A" box="[814,876,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FC289967484E095A" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut & De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[1006,1285,1619,1645]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FC289967484E095A" box="[1006,1285,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Galeocerdo eaglesomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lone exception being an upper lateral tooth (fig. 3, 10–11) that the authors suggested corresponded closely to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FEF499944CA9098E" box="[306,482,1695,1722]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FEF499944CA9098E" box="[306,482,1695,1722]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, according to their type description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBE899944C4009E8" authority=", Adnet et al. (2007)" authorityName="Adnet" authorityYear="2007" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBE899944997098E" box="[1070,1244,1695,1722]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. balochensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FB2C99AB4C4009E8" author="Adnet S. & Antoine P. - O. & Baqri S. R. H. & Crochet J. - Y. & Marivaux L. & Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref135742" refString="Adnet S., Antoine P. - O., Baqri S. R. H., Crochet J. - Y., Marivaux L., Welcomme J. - L. & Metais G. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene-early Oligocene" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FAFC9994483C098E" box="[1338,1399,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly stated that the lower half of the teeth have distinct double serrations, which contrasts with the simple serrations on all the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD0099D84E3F0832" box="[710,884,1771,1798]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD0099D84E3F0832" box="[710,884,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D.J. Ward, pers. com.). Also, per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FACD99DF4C1D081B" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FF7B98274DB0081B" box="[189,251,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the serrations are simple in form on all middle Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBCF982649FF081B" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut & De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[1033,1204,1810,1836]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBCF982649FF081B" box="[1033,1204,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth. Although the overall shape of many of the tooth positions within the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBCF980C49D50865" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1033,1182,1848,1874]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBCF980C49D50865" box="[1033,1182,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FB60980C48490865" box="[1190,1282,1848,1874]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appear to be shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FEB3986B4F6E084F" box="[373,549,1886,1913]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FEB3986B4F6E084F" box="[373,549,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FDA4986B4E47084F" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut & De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[610,780,1886,1913]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FDA4986B4E47084F" box="[610,780,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFC2FFE8FC8B986A490C084F" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[845,1095,1886,1912]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FC04986B4EB4084F" box="[962,1023,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2–3), the compound and/or double serrations on the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FD5B98B14E7808A9" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[669,819,1925,1951]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FD5B98B14E7808A9" box="[669,819,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FCFA98B14ED308A8" box="[828,920,1925,1951]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
clearly separates them from these other taxa. In addition, the distinct ‘pinched’ morphology of the lingual root protuberance on many of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FF7B98E54C1808DC" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,339,2001,2027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FF7B98E54C1808DC" box="[189,339,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFC2FFE8FE9B98E54CF108DC" box="[349,442,2001,2027]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth also distinguish them from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FC9698E5494B08DC" box="[848,1024,2001,2027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FC9698E5494B08DC" box="[848,1024,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">C. underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFC2FFE8FBF898E549A308DC" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut & De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[1086,1256,2001,2027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFC2FFE8FBF898E549A308DC" box="[1086,1256,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the same assemblage,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFCDFFE7FE539E3F4FDB0E12" author="Samonds K. E. & Andrianavalona T. H. & Wallett L. A. & Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J." box="[405,656,267,293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="0211789" refId="ref149622" refString="Samonds K. E., Andrianavalona T. H., Wallett L. A., Zalmout I. S. & Ward D. J. 2019. A middle - late Eocene neoselachian assemblage from nearshore marine deposits, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. PLoS ONE 14 (2): e 0211789. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0211789" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Samonds
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FDC19E384F0A0E12" box="[519,577,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 3s–t) also figured a tooth they referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FB6B9E3F48050E12" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1197,1358,267,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FB6B9E3F48050E12" box="[1197,1358,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. that differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FE559E064F0A0E7C" box="[403,577,305,332]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FE559E064F0A0E7C" box="[403,577,305,332]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a distinct distal notch and evenly spaced mesial serrae. The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FEDD9E634CE40E46" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[283,431,343,369]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FEDD9E634CE40E46" box="[283,431,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FE739E634F440E46" box="[437,527,343,369]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be differentiated from this unspeciated taxon by the absence of a distal notch and by the presence of compound and/or double serrations. Finally, the triangular upper anterior tooth morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FE7E9E974F060E8B" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[440,589,419,445]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FE7E9E974F060E8B" box="[440,589,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FD939E974FFB0E8A" box="[597,688,419,445]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFCDFFE7FD069E964E5F0E8A" box="[704,788,418,445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,693,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[189,1398,680,1650]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 25. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. hypodigm. A–F. MSC 39036, holotype, upper right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Close–up of mesial compound serrations. B. Labial view. C. Lingual view. D. Mesial view. E. Oral view. F. Basal view. G–K. MSC 39037, paratype, upper left anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J. Oral view. K. Basal view. L–P. MSC 39040, paratype, lower right anterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. L. Labial view. M. Lingual view. N. Mesial view. O. Oral view. P. Basal view. Q–U. MSC 39041, paratype, lower right lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Labial view. R. Lingual view. S. Mesial view. T. Oral view. U. Basal view. V–Z. MSC 39038, paratype, upper left posterior tooth, basal Gosport Sand. V. Labial view. W. Lingual view. X. Mesial view. Y. Oral view. Z. Basal view. Labial at bottom in oral and basal views. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660307/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
G–K) is unique and appears absent in the dentitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FF1B9EFC4CCE0ED5" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut & De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[221,389,456,482]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FF1B9EFC4CCE0ED5" box="[221,389,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all the previously described Paleogene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FC4E9EFC49620ED5" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[904,1065,456,482]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FC4E9EFC49620ED5" box="[904,1065,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FBF79EFC49890ED5" box="[1073,1218,456,482]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFCDFFE7FF7B9D384C520C3F" blockId="72.[189,1399,524,777]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFCDFFE7FF7B9D384CB10D11" author="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E." box="[189,506,524,550]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond & Jones (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 28, left) illustrated a tooth they referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FB8E9D3848240D11" authorityName="- Thurmond & Jones" authorityYear="1981" box="[1096,1391,524,550]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FB8E9D3848240D11" box="[1096,1391,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it appears this tooth belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FD9D9D064FBB0D7C" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[603,752,562,588]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FD9D9D064FBB0D7C" box="[603,752,562,588]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FD319D064E190D7B" box="[759,850,562,588]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFCDFFE7FC9C9D06495F0D7B" author="Manning E. M." box="[858,1044,562,588]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="366 - 385" refId="ref146265" refString="Manning E. M. 2003. The Eocene / Oligocene transition in marine vertebrates of the Gulf Coastal Plain. In: Prothro D. R., Ivany L. C. & Nesbitt, E. A. (eds) From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene- Oligocene Transition: 366 - 385. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book chapter" year="2003">Manning (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 21.3.2) illustrated a tooth from site ACl-
|
||
<quantity id="574651B2FFCDFFE7FEAE9D634CDE0D46" box="[360,405,599,625]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
Clarke County that he referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FCED9D6349520D46" authorityName="- Manning" authorityYear="2003" box="[811,1049,599,625]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FCED9D6349520D46" box="[811,1049,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Galeocerdo latidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this specimen appears to be a lower lateral tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FDC69D4A4FDC0DA0" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[512,663,638,664]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FDC69D4A4FDC0DA0" box="[512,663,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FD669D4A4FB60DAF" box="[672,765,638,664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Citing a personal communication from David Ward,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFCDFFE7FF7B9D974F5F0D8A" author="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C." box="[189,532,675,701]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref152649" refString="Underwood C. J. & Gunter G. C. 2012. The shark Carcharhinus sp. from the middle Eocene of Jamaica and the Eocene record of Carcharhinus. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 44: 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2012">Underwood & Gunter (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted a coarsely serrated species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FC079D9749290D8A" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[961,1122,675,701]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FC079D9749290D8A" box="[961,1122,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the same locality. Photographs of these specimens provided to us by Ward confirmed they also belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFCDFFE7FB199DFD483D0DD5" authority="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019" authorityName="Ebersole & Cicimurri & Stringer" authorityYear="2019" box="[1247,1398,713,739]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FB199DFD483D0DD5" box="[1247,1398,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C. mancinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFCDFFE7FF7B9DDB4C520C3F" box="[189,281,751,777]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFCDFFE7FF7B9C064E5F0C7B" blockId="72.[189,788,818,844]" box="[189,788,818,844]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFCDFFE7FF7B9C064E5F0C7B" bold="true" box="[189,788,818,844]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFCDFFE7FF7B9C064E5F0C7B" bold="true" box="[189,788,818,844]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFCDFFE7FD649C064E5F0C7B" box="[674,788,818,844]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFCDFFE7FF7B9C574F1B0CFE" blockId="72.[189,1399,867,969]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The material in our sample were collected from the “upper”
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFCDFFE7FC7F9C5749410C4A" box="[953,1034,867,893]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACl-3, the basal Gosport Sand at sites ACl-4 and AMo-4, and the Gosport Sand at site ACl-15. Lower-to-middle Bartonian, zones NP16 and NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |