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<document id="D587494E8E0126D7E55F8E1B1728BE74" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. &amp; Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FF40FF69FE229D5A4C860DF9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Preophidion cf. p. petropolis Frizzell &amp; Dante 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="198" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="23731108B5EFE55F972D35C819150425">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAB7A46488104E166EEA2A97041271BB">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75BB1B19708B882BAF9C86781782FB13">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C1360D297D2C33D6732761A7FD564D5">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="18174D41FF40FF69FE229D5A4C860DF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664394" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162072903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664394" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF40FF69FE229D5A4C860DF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF40FF69FE229D5A4C860DF9" lastPageId="198" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFE229D5A491B0DBE" blockId="197.[484,1104,622,684]" box="[484,1104,622,649]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF40FF6AFE229D5A491B0DBE" box="[484,1104,622,649]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFE229D5A491B0DBE" authority="Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965" authorityName="Frizzell &amp; Dante" authorityYear="1965" box="[484,1104,622,649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. p. petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFE229D5A4F310DBE" bold="true" box="[484,634,622,649]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Preophidion</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFD609D5B4E710DBE" bold="true" box="[678,826,622,649]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. petropolis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFC879D5A491B0DBE" author="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H." box="[833,1104,622,649]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="368 - 718" refId="ref142032" refString="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39 (4): 368 - 718." type="journal article" year="1965">Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF6AFD1E9DA54E100D9B" box="[728,859,657,684]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFD1E9DA54E100D9B" blockId="197.[484,1104,622,684]" box="[728,859,657,684]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF40FF6AFD1E9DA54E610D9B" box="[728,810,657,684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="195.[189,232,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,287,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[189,1398,276,1606]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="Fig. 70. Claiborne Group, “upper” Lisbon Formation, otoliths. A–B. Diretmus? cf. D. serratus (Müller, 1999), MSC 42212. A. Inner face (left sagitta). B. Anterior view. — C–D. Preophidion meyeri (Koken, 1888), MSC 39055. C. Inner face (right sagitta). D. Dorsal view. — E–F. Preophidion cf. P. petropolis Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965, MSC 42193. E. Inner face (right sagitta). F. Dorsal view. — G–H. Signata stenzeli Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965, MSC 39051. G. Inner face (left sagitta). H. Dorsal view. — I–J. Signata nicoli Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965, MSC 39046. I. Inner face (left sagitta). J. Dorsal view. — K–L. Hoplobrotula melrosensis (Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965), MSC 37059.3. K. Inner face (right sagitta). L. Dorsal view. — M–N. Lepophidium? mucronata (Koken, 1888), MSC 39054. M. Inner face (left sagitta). N. Dorsal view. — O–P. Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816, indet. MSC 39045. O. Inner face (left sagitta). P. Dorsal view. — Q–R. Bothidae Smitt, 1892, indet. MSC 42235. Q. Inner face (right sagitta). R. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–P= 2 mm; Q–R =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660395/files/figure.png" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
E–F
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF6AFF7B9DE74E350C18" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9DE7486E0DDA" blockId="197.[189,1317,723,750]" box="[189,1317,723,750]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFF7B9DE7490D0DDA" authority="Dante &amp; Frizzell in Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965: 713 - 714" authorityName="Dante &amp; Frizzell in Frizzell &amp; Dante" authorityPageNumber="713" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,1094,723,750]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFF7B9DE74C870DDA" box="[189,460,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Preophidion petropolis</emphasis>
Dante &amp; Frizzell in
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFD789DE7490D0DDA" author="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H." box="[702,1094,723,750]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="368 - 718" refId="ref142032" refString="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39 (4): 368 - 718." type="journal article" year="1965">Frizzell &amp; Dante, 1965: 713–714</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 86, figs 34, 39.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9C214E350C18" blockId="197.[189,894,789,886]" box="[189,894,789,816]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
“genus aff.
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFE829C214E480C18" ID-CoL="7HRK" authority="- Nolf 1980: 137" authorityName="Nolf" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1980" box="[324,771,789,815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Sirembo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFE829C214CEE0C18" box="[324,421,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Sirembo</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFE7F9C214F640C18" box="[441,559,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">petropolis</emphasis>
–
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFD8B9C214E480C18" author="Nolf D." box="[589,771,789,815]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="71 - 195" refId="ref147547" refString="Nolf D. 1980. Etude monographique des otolithes des Ophidiiformes actuels et revision des especes fossiles (Pisces, Teleostei). Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 17 (2): 71 - 195." type="journal article" year="1980">Nolf 1980: 137</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFCC99C214E300C18" author="Nolf D." box="[783,891,789,816]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref147588" refString="Nolf D. 1985. Otolithi Piscium. In: Schultze H. (ed.) Handbook of Palaeoichthyology Volume 10: 1 - 145. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart." type="journal article" year="1985">1985: 66</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF6AFF7B9C0C4E560C41" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9C0C4E770C65" blockId="197.[189,894,789,886]" box="[189,828,824,851]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
“genus Sirembinorum”
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFE129C0C4E7C0C65" authority="- Muller 1999: 124" authorityName="Muller" authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="1999" box="[468,823,824,851]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFE129C0C4F010C65" box="[468,586,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">petropolis</emphasis>
–
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFDA19C0C4E7C0C65" author="Muller A." box="[615,823,824,850]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller 1999: 124</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF029C6F4E560C41" blockId="197.[189,894,789,886]" box="[196,797,859,886]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
“aff.
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFEC69C6F4C220C42" box="[256,361,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Sitrembo</emphasis>
”
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFEBB9C6F4FF30C42" authority="- Nolf 2013: 66" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="2013" box="[381,696,859,886]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFEBB9C6F4CB80C42" box="[381,499,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">petropolis</emphasis>
–
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFDD69C6F4FF30C42" author="Nolf D." box="[528,696,859,886]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate &quot; Earth and History of Life &quot; of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf 2013: 66</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 128.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF6AFF7B9CA9482F0CD0" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9CA94CE10C80" blockId="197.[189,426,925,951]" box="[189,426,925,951]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF40FF6AFF7B9CA94CE10C80" bold="true" box="[189,426,925,951]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFF7B9CA94CE10C80" bold="true" box="[189,426,925,951]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9CF8482F0CD0" blockId="197.[189,1380,972,999]" box="[189,1380,972,999]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF40FF6AFF7B9CF84F1B0CD1" box="[189,592,972,998]" name="United States of America" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFDAB9CF84F940CD1" bold="true" box="[621,735,972,998]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF40FF6AFDAB9CF84F940CD1" box="[621,735,972,998]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 3 otoliths;
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF40FF6AFCB39CF84EF80CD1" box="[885,947,972,998]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">MSC</collectionCode>
7303.3,
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF40FF6AFBDC9CF849130CD1" box="[1050,1112,972,998]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">MSC</collectionCode>
35076.1,
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF40FF6AFB0B9CF848400CD1" box="[1229,1291,972,998]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">MSC</collectionCode>
39056.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF6AFF7B9B39498A0AC8" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9B394C050B10" blockId="197.[189,334,1037,1063]" box="[189,334,1037,1063]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF40FF6AFF7B9B394C050B10" bold="true" box="[189,334,1037,1063]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFF7B9B394C050B10" bold="true" box="[189,334,1037,1063]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9B08498A0AC8" blockId="197.[189,1399,1084,1535]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
Sagittae oblong to elliptic in shape (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFD6A9B084E370B60" author="Smale M. &amp; Watson G. &amp; Hecht T." box="[684,892,1084,1111]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref150614" refString="Smale M., Watson G. &amp; Hecht T. 1995. Otolith atlas of southern African marine fishes. Ichthyological Monographs of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 1: 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 141860" type="journal article" year="1995">
Smale
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFD3A9B094E7C0B61" box="[764,823,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
), biconvex. Sagittae elongated with height/ length ratios approximately 55%. Greatest length of adult specimens around
<quantity id="574651B2FF40FF6AFBFC9B6B49DC0B4D" box="[1082,1175,1119,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
. Margins primarily smooth. Anterior margin bluntly pointed; anterodorsal margin long, arched. Dorsal margin short, slightly arched. Posterodorsal margin very slightly arched, longer than anterodorsal margin. Posterior margin tapered, pointed. Ventral margin evenly and broadly rounded. Inner face smooth, convex, with lightly impressed, distinct sulcus. Sulcus divided, completely enclosed, marked by incised lines. Length of ostium noticeably shorter than cauda. Anterior end of ostium sharply pointed, almost touches anterodorsal margin. Ostium filled with colliculum, not excavated. Slight ventral constriction of ostium near junction (incised line) with cauda. Cauda also slightly wider than ostium. Ventral margin of cauda more rounded than corresponding ventral margin of ostium. Cauda not excavated, filled with colliculum. Posterior end of cauda rounded, somewhat tapered, separated from posterior margin by distinct, narrow border. Cristae lacking or very weakly developed. Ventral furrow usually absent. Outer face convex, with dorsal portion more strongly convex. Outer face undulating to strongly sculptured.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF40FF69FF7B99124C860DF9" lastPageId="198" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B99124C640977" blockId="197.[189,303,1574,1600]" box="[189,303,1574,1600]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF40FF6AFF7B99124C640977" bold="true" box="[189,303,1574,1600]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFF7B99124C640977" bold="true" box="[189,303,1574,1600]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF6AFF7B9961481C0875" blockId="197.[189,1399,1621,1858]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
The most conspicuous differences between
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFD7E99614E8D0958" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[696,966,1621,1647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFD7E99614E8D0958" box="[696,966,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Preophidion petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFC3A996249230958" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[1020,1128,1622,1647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Symmetrosulcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFC3A996249230958" box="[1020,1128,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. meyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a very abundant taxon in the
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF40FF6AFEC2994C4C2509A5" box="[260,366,1656,1682]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Alabama</collectingRegion>
Claiborne Group, is the dorsal margin and the intersection of the ostium and cauda. The dorsal margin of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFE4599A94F5E0981" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[387,533,1692,1718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFE4599A94F5E0981" box="[387,533,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to be more broadly rounded, and the dorsal domes are not as high or prominent. The anterodorsal dome of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFDB8998B4FA009EF" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[638,747,1727,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Symmetrosulcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFDB8998B4FA009EF" box="[638,747,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. meyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typically more pronounced, which affects the dorsal outline. The intersection of the cauda and ostium of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFCE699D64EF909CC" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[800,946,1761,1787]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFCE699D64EF909CC" box="[800,946,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sharply inclined toward the anterior (approximately 45-degrees) and extends significantly over the posterior of the ostium. In contrast, the intersection on
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFEB4981C4C940876" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[370,479,1832,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Symmetrosulcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFEB4981C4C940876" box="[370,479,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. meyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not nearly as inclined (less than half as much as
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFBFE9813480C0876" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[1080,1351,1831,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFBFE9813480C0876" box="[1080,1351,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Preophidion petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF40FF69FF7B985C4F240E5B" blockId="197.[189,1399,1896,2027]" lastBlockId="198.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="198" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFF7B985C4C9708B4" author="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H." box="[189,476,1896,1923]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="368 - 718" refId="ref142032" refString="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39 (4): 368 - 718." type="journal article" year="1965">Frizzell &amp; Dante (1965)</bibRefCitation>
noted abundant
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFD65985D4E7C08B5" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[675,823,1896,1922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFD65985D4E7C08B5" box="[675,823,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">P. petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Claibornian of
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, especially at the Stone City Locality, but they did not list the species from
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF40FF6AFCA398BF4E980892" box="[869,979,1931,1957]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">Alabama</collectingRegion>
. However, those authors referenced a collection of otoliths from the Gosport Sand at site ACl-
<quantity id="574651B2FF40FF6AFCB8989A4EE608FF" box="[894,941,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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that contained
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF40FF6AFB1C989B483C08FF" box="[1242,1399,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="197" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF40FF6AFB1C989B483808FF" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[1242,1395,1966,1992]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">P. petropolis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF40FF6AFF7B98E54C9308DC" author="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H." box="[189,472,2000,2027]" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" pagination="368 - 718" refId="ref142032" refString="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39 (4): 368 - 718." type="journal article" year="1965">Frizzell &amp; Dante (1965)</bibRefCitation>
stated that this species was not found in the
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Formation in
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, but we do not know how extensive their collections were. Although we could not corroborate the presence of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF43FF69FF1A9E1B4C240E7E" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,367,303,329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FF1A9E1B4C240E7E" box="[220,367,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">P. petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Gosport Sand, our sample shows that, while not abundant, this species does occur in the
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Formation in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF43FF69FE3B9E664F200E5B" box="[509,619,338,364]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Alabama</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF43FF69FF7B9EA74C140D0D" blockId="198.[189,1399,403,570]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FF7B9EA74C090E9A" author="Nolf D." box="[189,322,403,429]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="71 - 195" refId="ref147547" refString="Nolf D. 1980. Etude monographique des otolithes des Ophidiiformes actuels et revision des especes fossiles (Pisces, Teleostei). Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 17 (2): 71 - 195." type="journal article" year="1980">Nolf (1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FE889EA74CC00E99" author="Nolf D." box="[334,395,403,430]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref147588" refString="Nolf D. 1985. Otolithi Piscium. In: Schultze H. (ed.) Handbook of Palaeoichthyology Volume 10: 1 - 145. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FE5E9EA74C9F0E9A" author="Nolf D." box="[408,468,403,429]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate &quot; Earth and History of Life &quot; of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
) assigned
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF43FF69FD979EA04FAF0E9A" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[593,740,403,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petropolis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FD979EA04FAF0E9A" box="[593,740,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">P. petropolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the ophidiid genus
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF43FF69FC2A9EA749060E9A" box="[1004,1101,403,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Sirembo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FC2A9EA749060E9A" box="[1004,1101,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Sirembo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the otoliths of these taxa exhibit some similarities. Our specimens compare well to fossil
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF43FF69FBDF9E8249E00EE7" authorityName="Frizzell &amp; Dante" authorityYear="1965" box="[1049,1195,438,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FBDF9E8249E00EE7" box="[1049,1195,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Preophidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FF7B9EEE4CAB0EC2" author="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H." box="[189,480,474,501]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="368 - 718" refId="ref142032" refString="Frizzell D. L. &amp; Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39 (4): 368 - 718." type="journal article" year="1965">Frizzell &amp; Dante (1965)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FE289EEE4FD50EC3" author="Stinton F." box="[494,670,474,500]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="57 - 126" refId="ref150952" refString="Stinton F. 1977. Fish otoliths from the English Eocene (part 2). The Palaeontographical Society, Monograph 548: 57 - 126." type="journal article" year="1977">Stinton (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FD6D9EEE49700EC3" author="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Bratishko A." box="[683,1083,474,500]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="83 - 110" refId="ref150301" refString="Schwarzhans W. &amp; Bratishko A. 2011. The otoliths from the middle Paleocene of Luzanivka (Cherkasy District, Ukraine). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 261: 83 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">Schwarzhans &amp; Bratishko (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF43FF69FBBB9EEE48380EC3" author="Schwarzhans W." box="[1149,1395,474,500]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref150203" refString="Schwarzhans W. 2012. Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Bavaria (Kressenberg) and Austria (Kroisbach and Oiching-Graben). Palaeo Ichthyologica 12: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="2012">Schwarzhans (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. We retain the specimens within
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF43FF69FDEB9EC94FF40D20" authorityName="Frizzell &amp; Dante" authorityYear="1965" box="[557,703,509,535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Preophidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FDEB9EC94FF40D20" box="[557,703,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Preophidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but a larger sample size is needed to strengthen our specific identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF43FF69FF7B9D554E5F0D4C" blockId="198.[189,788,609,636]" box="[189,788,609,636]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF43FF69FF7B9D554E5F0D4C" bold="true" box="[189,788,609,636]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF43FF69FF7B9D554E5F0D4C" bold="true" box="[189,788,609,636]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF43FF69FD649D554E5F0D4C" box="[674,788,609,635]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF43FF69FF7B9DA44C860DF9" blockId="198.[189,1398,656,718]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
Specimens were recovered from the “upper”
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF43FF69FD139DA44E6D0D9D" box="[725,806,656,682]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
Formation at sites ACh-8 and ACl-16. Bartonian, zones NP16 and NP17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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