175 lines
20 KiB
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175 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="47BA2CC6132B2484A4F708A53B8C1DF0">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="072ADD7F8D67009E910761E726544A20">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BE8E2C00660061665352D0B5D92ED57">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="965FCB5825FBE27AABA49B2EA0D2FD73">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DD97DD3BF3B058E24D0BA2E5DA91B0EB">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="18174D41FF3AFF6FFE3B98324CC80A32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162072944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF3AFF6FFE3B98324CC80A32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF3AFF6FFE3B98324CC80A32" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF3AFF10FE3B9832497D0816" box="[509,1078,1798,1825]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF3AFF10FE3B9832497D0816" blockId="191.[509,1078,1798,1860]" box="[509,1078,1798,1825]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF3AFF10FE3B9832497D0816" authority="(Frizzell & Lamber, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Frizzell & Lamber" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[509,1078,1798,1825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF3AFF10FE3B98324FB20816" bold="true" box="[509,761,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Gnathophis meridies</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF3AFF10FCCE983249650816" author="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C." box="[776,1070,1798,1825]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref142121" refString="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C. 1962. Distinctive " congrid type " fish otoliths from the lower Tertiary of the Gulf Coast (Pisces: Anguilliformes). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science Series 4 (32): 87 - 101." type="journal article" year="1962">Frizzell & Lamber, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF3AFF10FD11981E4ED708B2" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF3AFF10FD11981E4E150873" blockId="191.[509,1078,1798,1860]" box="[727,862,1834,1860]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF3AFF10FD11981E4E630873" box="[727,808,1834,1860]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="187.[189,232,1682,1708]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,306,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@187.[189,1398,296,1640]" captionTargetPageId="187" captionText="Fig. 69. Claiborne Group, “upper” Lisbon Formation, otoliths. A–B. Albula sp., MSC 562. A. Inner face (right sagitta). B. Dorsal view. — C–D. Pythonicthys colei (Müller, 1999), WSU CC 474. C. Inner face (left sagitta). D. Dorsal view. — E–F. Muraenesocidae Kaup, 1859, indet., MSC 39064. E. Inner face (left sagitta). F. Dorsal view. — G–H. Ariosoma nonsector Nolf & Stringer, 2003, MSC 39069. G. Inner face (left sagitta). H. Dorsal view. — I–J. Paraconger sector (Koken, 1888), MSC 39052. I. Inner face (right sagitta, broken on anterodorsal angle). J. Dorsal view. — K–L. Pseudophichthys sp., MSC 37059.2. K. Inner face (right sagitta). L. Dorsal view. — M–N. Rhynchoconger sp., MSC 37059.6. M. Inner face (left sagitta). N. Dorsal view. — O–P. Gnathophis meridies (Frizzell & Lamber, 1962), MSC 37059.XX. O. Inner face (right sagitta). P. Dorsal view. — Q–R. Myripristis sp., MSC 39047. Q. Inner face (right sagitta). R. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B =5 mm; C–R =2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660393/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
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O–P
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF3AFF10FF7B98584ED708B2" blockId="191.[189,924,1899,1926]" box="[189,924,1899,1926]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF3AFF10FF0C98584C6908B1" box="[202,290,1900,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Conger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF3AFF10FF0C98584C6908B1" box="[202,290,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Conger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF3AFF10FEF098584F8208B2" authority="Frizzell & Lamber, 1962" authorityName="Frizzell & Lamber" authorityYear="1962" box="[310,713,1899,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF3AFF10FEF098584CD008B1" box="[310,411,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">meridies</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF3AFF10FE65985F4F8208B2" author="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C." box="[419,713,1899,1926]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref142121" refString="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C. 1962. Distinctive " congrid type " fish otoliths from the lower Tertiary of the Gulf Coast (Pisces: Anguilliformes). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science Series 4 (32): 87 - 101." type="journal article" year="1962">Frizzell & Lamber, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: figs 2a–b, 11a–d.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF3AFF10FF7B989A4FEA08DC" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF3AFF10FF7B989A4F3408F0" blockId="191.[189,673,1965,2027]" box="[189,639,1965,1992]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FF3AFF10FF7B989A4F3408F0" box="[189,639,1965,1992]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF3AFF10FF7B989A4F3008F0" authority="- Nolf 1985: 43" authorityName="Nolf" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,635,1965,1992]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Paraconger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF3AFF10FF7B989A4CFE08F0" box="[189,437,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Paraconger meridies</emphasis>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FF3AFF10FE1598994F3008F0" author="Nolf D." box="[467,635,1965,1992]" page="43" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" year="1985">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF3AFF10FE1598994F3008F0" author="Nolf D." box="[467,635,1965,1992]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref147588" refString="Nolf D. 1985. Otolithi Piscium. In: Schultze H. (ed.) Handbook of Palaeoichthyology Volume 10: 1 - 145. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart." type="journal article" year="1985">Nolf 1985: 43</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF3AFF10FF7B98E54FEA08DC" blockId="191.[189,673,1965,2027]" box="[189,673,2001,2027]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF3AFF10FF7B98E54F0708DC" authority="- Nolf 2013" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,588,2001,2027]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF3AFF10FF7B98E54CF908DC" box="[189,434,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Gnathophis meridies</emphasis>
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–
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF3AFF10FE1698E54F0708DC" author="Nolf D." box="[464,588,2001,2027]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate " Earth and History of Life " of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf 2013</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: pl. 22.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF45FF6FFF7B9E3F4F4D0E48" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9E3F4CE10E12" blockId="192.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF45FF6FFF7B9E3F4CE10E12" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9E3F4CE10E12" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9E0A4F4D0E48" blockId="192.[189,1399,317,383]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFF45FF6FFF7B9E0A4F490E48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277976" collectionCode="MSC" country="United States of America" location="Alabama" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Alabama">
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<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF45FF6FFF7B9E0A4F220E60" box="[189,617,317,344]" name="United States of America" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
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–
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFD509E094E430E60" bold="true" box="[662,776,317,343]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF45FF6FFD509E094E430E60" box="[662,776,317,343]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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• 4 otoliths; GLS otolith comparative collection (
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<specimenCount id="86B837DEFF45FF6FFF019E504C170E48" box="[199,348,356,383]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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),
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF45FF6FFEA99E504CE60E49" box="[367,429,356,382]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">MSC</collectionCode>
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37059
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF45FF6FFF7B9E9D49130C63" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9E9D4C050EF4" blockId="192.[189,334,425,451]" box="[189,334,425,451]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF45FF6FFF7B9E9D4C050EF4" bold="true" box="[189,334,425,451]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9E9D4C050EF4" bold="true" box="[189,334,425,451]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9EEF49130C63" blockId="192.[189,1399,475,852]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Outline primarily oval with noticeable angularity. Length of sagitta is greater than height; height/ length ratios from approximately 60–72%. Margins smooth except for few small lobes on posterodorsal and posteroventral. Anterodorsal margin nearly straight; remaining dorsal and posterodorsal margins rounded.Anteroventral margin only slightly rounded; middle portion of ventral margin almost horizontal. Posteroventral margin rounded. Anterior more tapered than posterior. Prominent sulcus on inner face slants at approximately 45-degrees. Sulcus extends across approximately 75% of inner face. Dorsal and ventral margins of sulcus essentially parallel. Sulcus undivided, no defined ostium and cauda. Ostium does not quite reach anterior margin. Short, fairly wide ostial channel opens onto anterodorsal margin. Posterior of sulcus rounded. No depressed area above sulcus. Crista superior more pronounced than crista inferior. No ventral furrow. Outer face usually convex, thickest at center.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF45FF6FFF7B9C4B4CC80A32" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9C4B4C640CAE" blockId="192.[189,303,895,921]" box="[189,303,895,921]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF45FF6FFF7B9C4B4C640CAE" bold="true" box="[189,303,895,921]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9C4B4C640CAE" bold="true" box="[189,303,895,921]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9C8549920B50" blockId="192.[189,1399,945,1127]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF45FF6FFF7B9C854CFB0CFC" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,432,945,971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9C854CFB0CFC" box="[189,432,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Gnathophis meridies</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is an uncommon component at its
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<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FF45FF6FFCF89C864E3A0CFB" box="[830,881,946,972]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">type</typeStatus>
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||
stratum and locality, the lower Eocene Bashi Formation (Wilcox Group) in Meridian,
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF45FF6FFD6C9CEC4E7F0CC5" box="[682,820,984,1010]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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. This taxon is also uncommon in the Claiborne Group in
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF45FF6FFEEA9CCB4CD10B2E" box="[300,410,1023,1049]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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. Species of
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF45FF6FFDE09CCB4FE40B2E" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1859" box="[550,687,1023,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFDE09CCB4FE40B2E" box="[550,687,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Gnathophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack a depressed area above the sulcus, a feature that occurs on most congrid otoliths. Although one of the specimens we examined is a juvenile and two specimens are fairly worn, they possess the salient characteristics indicative of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFC1A9B7949920B50" box="[988,1241,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF45FF6FFC1A9B79499E0B50" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[988,1237,1101,1127]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">Gnathophis meridies</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9BA64E5F0B9B" blockId="192.[189,788,1170,1196]" box="[189,788,1170,1196]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF45FF6FFF7B9BA64E5F0B9B" bold="true" box="[189,788,1170,1196]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9BA64E5F0B9B" bold="true" box="[189,788,1170,1196]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF45FF6FFD649BA64E5F0B9B" box="[674,788,1170,1196]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF45FF6FFF7B9BF04CC80A32" blockId="192.[189,1399,1220,1285]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF45FF6FFF7B9BF04CF90BE9" authorityName="- Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,434,1220,1246]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Gnathophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridies">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF45FF6FFF7B9BF04CF90BE9" box="[189,434,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Gnathophis meridies</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the “upper”
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF45FF6FFCF79BF04EC90BE9" box="[817,898,1220,1246]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACh-7. Bartonian, zones NP16 and NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |