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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59958" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b283e2-bf49-4656-8668-6086b2b4e003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-230-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" ModsDocID="1314-2003-230-1" checkinTime="1691127498364" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda, Lobo Cabezas, Silvia &amp; Romaschenko, Konstantin" docDate="2023" docId="823DDD10C19A537B965338BB45F716E0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 230: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 230" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" docTitle="Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 294 296, f. 7 A B. 2009." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1691128203638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="598D4B7AD57826F6963B6D13FAB56C8B">Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFB8708D6E9712785C350A293275AA75">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C19923B806FE08433806241F66DE7F9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5528</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="22E91C49F9CE133C59C5F12936D80C3D">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BCA5BE86EB5EC58BF005BA14875B7FF5" type="email">peterson@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="538EF055FD49F5F58CE05898DDD36850">Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="01981A531ADF35AC87783AAA4D0B7196" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="458E09E30AC21BE6EAA7AE7A23040F09">Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad-Durango-COFAA, Durango, C. P. 34220, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="D83ADB5C916AED946E41183A9671A185">Lobo Cabezas, Silvia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C447E64292ECE2CB8914E42EA400122" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8100-2559</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BC7E082CF27CCDDFF879B4B3CA2EDA3E">Herbario Nacional, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apartado Postal 749 - 1000, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A077478E595870C06E7CB2814DE72A9B">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4321F3C94C9032282F1BB697A37D2BF8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4193</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="987A5411D417854B18DA37FBC0F3E57A">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D9013E19100B017678E2CCA45330487B">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4432066FCAA932F1AFFA0C08BF05E9E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61D94064BC7F6590D5E8242452224E8A">230</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="44AE8752A4FF77ABD2A82B73FBD79B2D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="823DDD10C19A537B965338BB45F716E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:823DDD10C19A537B965338BB45F716E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/823DDD10C19A537B965338BB45F716E0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="84F553EABCB6874C5D1CBA763340EAD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3697076CA110D49F9DC5785FE61C17DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
23.
<taxonomicName id="991479AF0B6D3FA3011A3DB04182C71A" ID-CoL="44JLD" ID-ENA="2490669" LSID="823DDD10-C19A-537B-9653-38BB45F716E0" authority="(Kunth) P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 294 - 296, f. 7 A-B. 2009." authorityName="(Kunth) P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 294 296, f. 7 A B. 2009." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P.M. Peterson, Caldasia 31(2): 294-296, f. 7 A-B. 2009.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F1B3D0EDED0AA633348F21A53C72CE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="0ECE9669FCCF2DEFC0B07F07723FA37D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="FCA175F5790C38393B1ECFFA184C1699" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A-F Muhlenbergia pereilema P. M. Peterson A habit B ligule with auricles C portion of the inflorescence D glumes E floret F stamens, pistil, and lodicules G-L Muhlenbergia plumiseta Columbus G habit H ligule with auricles I portion of the inflorescence J bristles K floret L stamens and pistil. A-F drawn from A. S. Hitchcock 9050 (US) G-L drawn from C. G. Pringle 5962 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887884" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 16A-B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="165DB9FCFFBB33B733D7A462D37B86C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9F86E8D7832416EA64F88BFC50BEFB81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A8F96544389892306293A985BA00A0A7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">Lycurus phalaroides</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 142. 1815 (1816). Type:
<normalizedToken id="2ADE8D7BF45E8BB0C309CB1D1D24C952" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="A819F822F0B63222F259FFA5AEE73010" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
, near Valladolid, Alberca de Palangeo and Patzcuaro, Sep,
<emphasis id="07612E0C061B9446E47F2F833B0E4AA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P-00669405 [image!]; isotypes: B-W-1630, BM!, BAA-1530!, US-91988 fragm. ex P-BONPL!, US-610837 fragm. ex LE-TRIN!). Basionym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F5F0C904D7412E0E24664318F614860" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9DD4FD28BE922A01ED134B74CE471116" authorityName="Vasey ex Beal" authorityYear="1896" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia lycuroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycuroides">= Muhlenbergia lycuroides</taxonomicName>
Vasey ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 239. 1896. Type:
<normalizedToken id="722D74C9F64FC6B893CAF71BFEF71305" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jul-Oct 1886,
<emphasis id="CAA04E9A673FD6E1271BB4B6F6C1C139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Palmer 489</emphasis>
(holotype: MSC; isotypes: GH-00023916 [image!], LE, MEXU, MO-2972929!, NDG-07247 [image!], NY, P-00644181 [image!], P-00644182 [image!], S14-29628 [image!], US-822925!, US-81642!, YU-000898 [image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A3CE7BA8F93023A487474BDD92A47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FE9B97D31310DC5AE456CD5D6D27234B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus phleoides subsp. var. var. brevifolius" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="phleoides" subSpecies="var." variety="brevifolius">= Lycurus phleoides var. brevifolius</taxonomicName>
Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 271. 1896. Type:
<normalizedToken id="B1A6E390766D882A219F79E21B609875" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Jalisco, plains of Guadalajara, 23 Oct 1889,
<emphasis id="1454DBC875C443B9C54445A2F548569C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.G. Pringle 2470</emphasis>
(lectotype: MSC, designated by C. Reeder, Phytologia 57(4): 288. 1985; isolectotypes: BAA!, GH, MEXU, MO-2972926!, NY!, P-00644183 [image!], P-00644184 [image!], US-996049!, W-18900000580 [image!], W-19160029092 [image!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA4B7C94955F67717DE9A95524D8AF3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="5EE6E19C7867C3E72AE29269D8428406" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3092BBD5D621A159181355B0AFD5A07A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2E7335933DCAEC1FB8AF8183A7D50B62" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Perennials</emphasis>
, intricately branched near base.
<emphasis id="CE97E33E27ADF9C203F0C6D05B4827ED" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
10-30 cm tall, erect, mostly glabrous, usually decumbent and sprawling below, bent at the pubescent to short pilose nodes;
<emphasis id="D304E3F04DE0DC650012C787C19C5A7A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">internodes</emphasis>
0.4-10(-15) cm long, pubescent to short pilose.
<emphasis id="45B60AB848CE36845E7AE7731AC5D7CD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
much shorter than the internodes above, hyaline near the margins, pilose near summit;
<emphasis id="FF913BD3ED993239CC14F3E2A7B08740" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligules</emphasis>
0.4-1 mm long, membranous, apex truncate to deltoid, often erose and lacerate;
<emphasis id="B07A907388C832F7E1895D348E202AA1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">blades</emphasis>
0.5-6.5 cm long, 0.5-1.2 mm wide, shorter near the base of culms, flat, folded or loosely involute, lanate above and glabrous or with scattered, short appressed hairs below, margins whitish-thickened, apex navicular, occasionally with a short seta, seta usually less than 2 mm long.
<emphasis id="5BE647F2648CAD4EDB333008AD638862" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panicles</emphasis>
1.5-6.5 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, spiciform and spikelike, densely flowered, often interrupted below with only a few spikelets, terminal or axillary;
<emphasis id="4ED2A769A797ADA76DBEFF1840D2B0FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rachis</emphasis>
lanate to hispid, the short hairs antrorse, appressed;
<emphasis id="8724B59EA496A28E284ED3E864B09B90" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">primary branches</emphasis>
1.5-7 mm long, very short, the spikelets usually in pairs, rarely 1 or 3 per terminal branch, when in pairs the lower short-pedicelled spikelet perfect, staminate or sterile and the upper longer-pedicelled spikelet usually perfect;
<emphasis id="6CFF8430321DF05061C7C74CD857CE8E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pedicels</emphasis>
0.3-1.4 mm long;
<emphasis id="5B3D4FFA73C0D8AEFF827114E8AC1DEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">disarticulation</emphasis>
usually at the base of the pedicel, each spikelet falling as a unit leaving a small cuplike tip.
<emphasis id="90700CCF56D8EB659F8E90CF966A58F4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
3-4 mm long, stramineous with plumbeous mottles, sometimes additionally with purplish mottles;
<emphasis id="3995BD210FFA06DF48D4360E3F82C397" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">glumes</emphasis>
1-2.1 mm long, shorter than the lemma, subequal, 1-3-veined;
<emphasis id="C80E43B5736F023E60FDF3ABB05E62B6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lower glumes</emphasis>
commonly 2 or 3-veined, usually 2-awned, occasionally 1 or 3 awned, the awns 1-3 mm long, equal or subequal, scabrous, recurved;
<emphasis id="7776C32CE1083E09FD8B71626DE8F9E1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">upper glumes</emphasis>
commonly 1-veined, usually 1-awned, the awns 1-2.5 mm long;
<emphasis id="F39DE7EB212CFA6B048027CC51E82C1E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lemmas</emphasis>
3-4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, 3-veined, margins hirsute to lanate and occasionally the lower
<normalizedToken id="0A2A2002C87AF47BDE7F285077CB78F2" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
sparsely hairy, the hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long, apex usually awned, occasionally unawned or mucronate, the awns 1-3 mm long;
<emphasis id="CE2BDEC8DC549A19DAA8B360B0281F75" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">paleas</emphasis>
2.8-3.8 mm long, hairy between the veins, the veins occasionally extending as mucros; anthers 1.3-2 mm long, yellowish.
<emphasis id="DAB4A32E2012A5396B8B11054E705CBD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopses</emphasis>
1.7-2 mm long, fusiform, brownish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F639458F7EB79550601D75538C4E84B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="615849DBEB247FB349B7C327FF189786" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF2B0B4B9682B32C991FAF7657BCB361" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="02D788F70D678FDE423048B1CB91AA95" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis id="CCF1BA556AF050671BECFABF4BEB2D94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from
<normalizedToken id="5614260D4E16DFBBD417043569C27362" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
to South America where it is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru (
<bibRefCitation id="6B6C570EF62F46E81556F9C78FF71709" author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 291" refId="B48" refString="Reeder, CG, 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57: 283 - 291" title="The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America." volume="57" year="1985">Reeder 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="089C48BB95ACCE1490C40DA07BAEB1D0" author="Sanchez, E" journalOrPublisher="Parodiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="267 - 310" refId="B52" refString="Sanchez, E, Rugolo de Agrasar, ZE, 1986. Estudio taxonomica sobre el genero Lycurus (Gramineae). Parodiana 4: 267 - 310" title="Estudio taxonomica sobre el genero Lycurus (Gramineae)." volume="4" year="1986">
<normalizedToken id="BA3277B1D0B841ADBDB824EDCCB38276" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="6B46ACCE83884791E95473A7EA07C1FF" originalValue="Rúgolo">Rugolo</normalizedToken>
de Agrasar 1986
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7D71B752B368998732DB02800ABE8295" author="Davidse, G" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Davidse, G, Pohl, RW, 1994. 262. Poaceae. In: Davidse, G, Sousa S M, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 6 Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London), Mexico, D.F." title="262. Poaceae. In: Davidse, G, Sousa S M, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 6 Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London), Mexico, D. F." year="1994">Davidse and Pohl 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B8DC31D917A9E9C06D76EF08ADB09C0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="8FA88F5EF26753A1D7FC68A519FBC3E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612BBE38519C77944BA79278A542DB56" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species occurs in open grasslands and savannahs on steep rocky slopes flats, and along disturbed irrigation canals in deep clayish-loam to sandy soils associated with
<taxonomicName id="CF815A1BCEFEAFB18A25ACFACC678244" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Cactales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DD2F79A55B10DBCFFBADA1AC4071FEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F38C4E7FFD90905FDB3A3BA1949822DF" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0BD6A0CEF1D71782E3D81C4537229990" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berberis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AB4FE3474C3E1DBB29D15845A6BAB2B6" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Cheilanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheilanthes" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Monilophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C065C69AA6D25490A9E498F25D74F32C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheilanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0562355E86CE62703262B7A21C1560E4" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Condalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Condalia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="050374B56AE1C4061D07382A0502DF15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Condalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="493A2A09915AEEBE51D214396A2AEF71" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodonaea viscosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis id="3D486FC54DD6F7AA00EE1B579329F00C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2A8C7282BB39B65DF62E556220644309" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D9E3BA5547DA89A6B428AE9887ECB619" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eragrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="2EE225F2A374107543A564CE93EF73A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FDC08249BA2149D6421E26D6DB2038C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Jarava</taxonomicName>
ichu
<taxonomicName id="6BF2C5EBB3DFC90B1BA16AEA6FBD5273" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Opuntia" order="Cactales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Opuntia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="134249FC4056678F29DFA48C1D9F0582" authorityName="P.M.Peterson &amp; Caldasia" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia cenchroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cenchroides">
<emphasis id="261928FB829A1EB202E5BAEB0309DB78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia cenchroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AA83EAE99CEAF99A24C5FA40775A428E" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B95F557660CADC6F884A2DECBF76BAD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F5ED099BB902A7E4FEF53379A44D8FD0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="533ECCA56ECD2C306D78B8D7E3099912" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nassella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2DFFEAAEE8D0329CB573FF5D5AFB99A7" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago" order="Plantaginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A78C98C8C00A8EB847D3A3868DFD69A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plantago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="17354F442A6959C37331D0D12F585835" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D854D2F14237E7A09D1AB703F0319023" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="6AFB69466C5555B90A1A4A114E51F090" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sporobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sporobolus indicus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="E236441EB9B91D4F78276E1FCFD36777" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sporobolus indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) R. Br.; 2800-3500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F2B52D0DF6583F51B8F5E06473D5FEAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="86ED27ED90549A8C5C72A2108320E697" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85930D3BD8924159E4569971AB36100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="75EEBCC283EE69B11D3E4EDD3A9F7866" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis id="232292E7D45D8BFC2FAADDD533454D95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="F00C51FCBD7F2ED1B44AF781A7B24ECD" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis id="875CBBA32360F4D1E92C2225A120A9D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Columbus known in the southwestern USA and
<normalizedToken id="4A3920A9F17CEB785854BB8B32EEAA8F" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D245538A1D489116045DCEB449669F40" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis id="417D3A5F0AC45364E166BD7FA9DF1B2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Griseb.) P.M. Peterson &amp; Columbus found in the southwestern USA,
<normalizedToken id="6F25C30D64E84ED7510E4FBCB2B3CA5C" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, and disjunct in Argentina and Bolivia (
<bibRefCitation id="AA426D0CCE917F66E1DA3744A24F1650" author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 291" refId="B48" refString="Reeder, CG, 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57: 283 - 291" title="The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America." volume="57" year="1985">Reeder 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F004CF2CEEF7019E687CEA4C14C6221D" author="Davidse, G" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Davidse, G, Pohl, RW, 1994. 262. Poaceae. In: Davidse, G, Sousa S M, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 6 Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London), Mexico, D.F." title="262. Poaceae. In: Davidse, G, Sousa S M, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 6 Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Natural History Museum (London), Mexico, D. F." year="1994">Davidse and Pohl 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C8A3A738A645B56376928EEA6C58806" author="Renvoize, SA" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B51" refString="Renvoize, SA, 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1-644." title="Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1 - 644." year="1998">Renvoize 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D44138252975606494FCD7DA9C4E7A26" author="Peterson, PM" editor="Zuloaga, FO" journalOrPublisher="3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="140 - 154" refId="B29" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2012. Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga, FO, Rugolo, ZE, Anton, AMR, Eds., Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 140 - 154" title="Muhlenbergia Schreb." volumeTitle="Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol." year="2012">
Peterson and
<normalizedToken id="D6A12D3202FC5A5120F9079561BB6A5B" originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D1113178A6E49FF41B3D958FB6697397" authorityName="P.M.Peterson &amp; Columbus" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Griseb." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis id="927FA91E8B3179F1E5B19072189972E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="60BC96B95E4F3ABF6E8A8E3A584D2D82" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis id="1F131A308C6E11F38A3F2A6060DFA52B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having leaf blades with terminal seta (3-)4-7(-12) mm long and ligules (2-)3-12 mm long whereas
<taxonomicName id="7A0934D2F4959172B071EA7F5CB1522D" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis id="E1C999A4A96BA9A98C8F368576D52894" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having auriculate ligules 1-2 mm long (
<bibRefCitation id="AF48FF47259C9D0AD3EF2F38B45B9B49" author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 291" refId="B48" refString="Reeder, CG, 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57: 283 - 291" title="The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America." volume="57" year="1985">Reeder 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D0D65E21556E57053CE828078DED882E" author="Peterson, PM" editor="Barkworth, ME" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 201" refId="B26" refString="Peterson, PM, 2003. 17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Barkworth, ME, Capels, KM, Long, S, Piep, MB, Eds., Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York: 145 - 201" title="17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb." volumeTitle="Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25." year="2003">Peterson 2003</bibRefCitation>
). These morphological differences are perhaps better recognized at the subspecific level but there are no population studies comparing these three species, other than
<bibRefCitation id="B7A6725D15CA40388891023E2E56BC54" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="334 - 346" refId="B31" refString="Peterson, PM, Morrone, O, 1997. Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Lycurus setosus (Poaceae: Muhlenbergiinae). Madrono 44: 334 - 346" title="Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Lycurus setosus (Poaceae: Muhlenbergiinae)." volume="44" year="1997">Peterson and Morrone (1997)</bibRefCitation>
who investigated populations of only the amphitropical,
<taxonomicName id="B1FA6AEF96C4C93A8975D970DD160AC3" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis id="C6FA2B0DE7CB43E864BEA9D64C4B1698" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="39F507224FEBB4FFBC8E4F8AFF0DF15C" authorityName="C.Reeder" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Nuttall" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus setosus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="991A9A8DA55537786A6C598750489EAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycurus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nutt.) C. Reeder].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5FD5CC40CFCB3577BCA814823B6394B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4E4FF8ACF488D7BB6BC8D818E8A07894" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis id="C9E9C4B4D15DDA3114859506A84164E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably lies within
<taxonomicName id="E1078F6CBD9C902D0F0E3350F145F61E" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. (Pseudosporobolus) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudosporobolus">M. subg. Pseudosporobolus</taxonomicName>
, although the species has not been included in a DNA-derived phylogeny, aligning with
<taxonomicName id="0DBE4E439D37646B66820CE0CD893019" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis id="01EB7BA4D36317454BD15F7ADCDDC17F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="55B0BE76C397052E56AC424E244495C7" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis id="76886CEC6C9A453364F229048C913090" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="510FB5AB0253528DD49C319BCA50EC9E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="621 - 629" refId="B41" refString="Peterson, PM, Roquet, C, Romaschenko, K, Herrera Arrieta, Y, Susanna, A, 2021. A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 60 (3): 621 - 629, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" title="A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" volume="60" year="2021">Peterson et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Many members of this subgenus have narrow panicles, plumbeous spikelets with unawned, mucronate or short-awned lemmas (
<bibRefCitation id="4A1A8BF3E558D0085B3AA87B40B7A5CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1808306BA9A5DD49060FAA7B44B29CE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D0A2F21FDD47E4AB9EDFEAB7FC3EB475" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29DD2FC135C04934678A6DDE6701823D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Guatemala.
<emphasis id="C7A40CAF8924ECFCD7E84D1EC0B98A8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quetzaltenango</emphasis>
: Chiquilaja, potreros naturales y secos,
<emphasis id="9DD90C9BAE7B1C65F699F305170B2338" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. de Koninck 63</emphasis>
(US). Mexico.
<emphasis id="F3DE081369E3020F06D60495C4D12F79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiapas</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="1A604E2DDE3393C6BC956F1AEE2435E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry id="B406AA4BEA86F8BB3BAF3FC479C2FBE6" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken id="A8043CBEEAF4B0DE06CF5784AA779EF1" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: NE edge of San
<normalizedToken id="F675A18E25E6D8D01B3BDB5383001BD5" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
de Las Casas,
<emphasis id="8F4C320DBB08FCD14777E17769E26A1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove &amp; G. Davidse 46039</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1F16B5218385E65D4C5D4DF6BE6C2412" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54734</emphasis>
(MEXU).
<emphasis id="8DB37930D743A2EE549EEFD4F8C5E6DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Teopisca</emphasis>
: N of Teopisca,
<emphasis id="7505A7A69C142E155138B6132E678976" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.E. Breedlove &amp; G. Davidse 54768</emphasis>
(MEXU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>