302 lines
24 KiB
XML
302 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.26689" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1668e9e1-3403-41ba-b482-c4d86a612d43" ID-PMC="PMC6656784" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-864-79" ID-PubMed="31363346" ID-ZBK="AA8F1ECD15EF4EC79F326AA081370598" ModsDocID="1313-2970-864-79" checkinTime="1563374215902" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bi, Wen-Xuan, He *, Jin-Wu, Chen, Chang-Chin, Kundrata, Robin & Li, Xue-Yan" docDate="2019" docId="1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 864: 79-97" docOrigin="ZooKeys 864" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.26689" docTitle="Sinopyrophorus schimmeli Bi & Li, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D8B48DF6-3B0D-45E4-94DD-127CC4C48B43" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF89A30F9E01FFC3E50BA456FFD19464" masterDocTitle="Sinopyrophorinae, a new subfamily of Elateridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with the first record of a luminous click beetle in Asia and evidence for multiple origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668167586707" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sinopyrophorinae, a new subfamily of Elateridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with the first record of a luminous click beetle in Asia and evidence for multiple origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bi, Wen-Xuan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>He *, Jin-Wu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Chang-Chin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kundrata, Robin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Xue-Yan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>864</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>97</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.26689</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.26689</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-864-79</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AA8F1ECD15EF4EC79F326AA081370598</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AA8F1ECD15EF4EC79F326AA081370598</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159189878" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8B48DF6-3B0D-45E4-94DD-127CC4C48B43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="36982589-1a66-4036-bc54-250cf14d28a3" authority="Bi & Li" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Sinopyrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinopyrophorus schimmeli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schimmeli">Sinopyrophorus schimmeli Bi & Li</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="82">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2-3, 4-16, 17-23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="83" start="start">=</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Sinopyrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinopyrophorus schimmeli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schimmeli">Sinopyrophorus schimmeli</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="He, JW" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" pagination="565 - 567" title="The mitochondrial genome of the first luminous click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) recorded in Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1555019" volume="4" year="2019">He et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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: 565 [nomen nudum; published without description, unavailable name according to the ICZN (1999, Art. 13)].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Shangbangzhong,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.433332">24°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-97.75">97°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1650 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005721" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="SNUC" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" elevation="0" latitude="24.433332" location="Yunnan" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="-97.75" municipality="China" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount type="male">male</specimenCount>
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, "
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<collectingMunicipality>China</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:CC98ECFE724B82BA0ACDCAF2542CD182" latitude="24.433332" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="-97.75" municipality="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:AE5E014BD143740D4D8999C9BBCC0C15" latitude="24.433332" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="-97.75" municipality="China" name="Yingjiang">Yingjiang</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:B660355ED5EE1B0C0C9B18A95A7A6138" latitude="24.433332" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="-97.75" municipality="China" name="Shangbangzhong">Shangbangzhong</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.433332">24°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-97.75">97°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation>1650</elevation>
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m,
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<collectingDate>2017.VI.23</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Wen-Xuan Bi</collectorName>
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"; "Holotype
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Sinopyrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinopyrophorus schimmeli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schimmeli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Sinopyrophorus schimmeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov." [red handwritten label] (
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<collectionCode>SNUC</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005739" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="KIZ-CAS" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" elevation="0" latitude="24.433332" location="Yunnan" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="-97.75" municipality="China" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="9" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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):
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, same data as holotype (
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<collectionCode>KIZ-CAS</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005584" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CBWX" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="1772" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1771">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, "
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<collectingMunicipality>China</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:627D3C83EEECFD3695D6C8E1E6C94864" municipality="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:446315E6D2BC732A7E590383E21791EB" municipality="China" name="Longchuan">Longchuan</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B8E173D795558E6E41D406C22057132:E5F970DB0F5E49D83041A943EC4930C9" municipality="China" name="Husa">Husa</location>
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,
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<specimenCount type="male">1770 m</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingDate>2017.VI.13-14</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Wen-Xuan Bi</collectorName>
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" (
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<collectionCode>CBWX</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005675" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CBWX" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="2001" specimenCount-male="2001">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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, ditto except
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<specimenCount type="male">2000 m</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingDate>2017.VI.16</collectingDate>
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(
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<collectionCode>CBWX</collectionCode>
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||
);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005615" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CBWX" collectorName="Yu-Tang Wang" elevation="0" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, ditto except
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<elevation>1700 m,</elevation>
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<collectingDate>2017.VI.24</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Yu-Tang Wang</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode>CBWX</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005758" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CCCC" collectorName="Yu-Tang Wang" elevation="0" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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, ditto except
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<elevation>1770</elevation>
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m,
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<collectingDate>2016.V.31</collectingDate>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="84" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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<collectionCode>CCCC</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005650" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CCCC" collectorName="Xiao-Dong Yang" elevation="0" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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, ditto except leg.
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<collectorName>Xiao-Dong Yang</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode>CCCC</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005634" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="KIZ-CAS" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" elevation="0" location="Yunnan" municipality="China" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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, ditto except
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<collectingDate>2017.VI.25</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Wen-Xuan Bi</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode>KIZ-CAS</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005709">
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2 males, China, Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa, 1770 m, 2017.VI.13-16, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi, damaged, partially used for extracting genomic DNA in a project of mitogenome (accession number MH065615;
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<bibRefCitation author="He, JW" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" pagination="565 - 567" title="The mitochondrial genome of the first luminous click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) recorded in Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1555019" volume="4" year="2019">He et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351005690">2 males, China, Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa, 1770 m, 2018.VI.13, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi, the whole body of both specimens was used for the extraction of genomic DNA in an ongoing project of de novo genome sequencing and assembly of 18S and 28S.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Diagnostic description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Male</emphasis>
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(Fig. 2). Body length 9.6-11.3 mm (holotype: 11.3 mm). Body brown to dark brown, with posterior portion of prothorax, fore- and mid-legs
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="85" start="start">paler</pageBreakToken>
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; elytra with broad subapical pale band, zigzagged anteriorly, rounded posteriorly. Body surface with fine, suberect brown setae, denser on legs; elytral light band with pale setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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Head transverse, weakly convex, 0.75 times as long as wide, same width as pronotal anterior edge; sparsely and finely punctate. Frons rectangular, 1.4 times longer than width, 0.3 times as wide as head width across the eyes. Frontoclypeal region concave at sides beneath; with one small median depression. Eyes protuberant, median width of each eye ~ 0.7 times interocular distance in dorsal view. Mouthparts directed anteroventrally. Labrum (Fig. 5) 2.2 times wider than long. Antenna long, reaching second half of elytral length, ~ 0.7 times as long as body length; scape 2.3 times as long as
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="86" start="start">combined</pageBreakToken>
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length of antennomeres II and III, and of approximately same length as antennomere 4, slightly curved; antennomeres 4-11 successively weakly lengthened, with fine and very long, distinct setae; setae almost as long as apical antennomere.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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Prothorax (Fig. 8) slightly convex in lateral view, tallest anteriorly; ~ 1.2 times as long as wide in dorsal view, weakly narrowed anteriorly, slightly narrower than elytral humeral width; sides slightly sinuate; pronotal lateral carina complete; anterior angles short, subacute; hind angles narrowly acute, moderately produced posterolaterally, each with short carina; posterior edge straight from dorsal view, medially elevated; pronotal disk sparsely and finely punctate, with eight shallow depressions: single median and posteromedian, and three pairs at sides. Prosternum and hypomeron more coarsely punctate than pronotum. Elytra ~ 3.0 times as long as combined width, ~ 2.9 times
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="87" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
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long as pronotum, parallel-sided; each elytron with three low and evenly spaced swellings, longitudinally arranged at basal half near suture; with nine punctate striae; apices conjointly rounded; epipleura short, abruptly narrowed near metacoxa. Legs long; tarsomeres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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elongate, tarsomere I ~ 1.4 times as long as tarsomere II, tarsomere II as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres III and IV or as long as tarsomere V; tarsomeres III and IV ventrally lobate (Fig. 12).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Abdomen with each ventrite with paired depressions posterolaterally. Aedeagus (Fig. 20) robust, ~ 1.6 times as long as wide. Phallobase slightly longer than wide, narrowed dorsally, emarginate posteriorly. Median lobe approximately half as long as aedeagus, with basal struts 0.25 times total length of median lobe. Parameres ~ 1.5 times longer than median lobe, shorter than phallobase, with dorsal surface ~ 1.6 times longer than ventral one, partially fused basally in dorsal view; each paramere with dorsal surface angulate on inner margins at basal 2/5, strongly narrowed and curved mesad with dentate inner margin near apical 1/3 and rounded apex; bearing 20-30 fine setae near apex, longer on ventral surface.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Female</emphasis>
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(Fig. 3). Body length 12.1-14.5 mm. Similar to male in its general appearance but with integument paler. Eyes smaller, median width of each eye ~ 0.4 times interocular distance in dorsal view. Antenna shorter, only reaching elytral humeri, ~ 0.3 times as long as body length. Pronotum relatively shorter with lateral margins more rounded, narrowed anteriorly, with rounded anterior angles. Elytra relatively longer, ~ 3.3 times as long as wide, ~ 3.0 times as long as pronotum. Legs relatively shorter. Abdominal luminescent organ smaller, occupying approximately one third of basal abdominal sternite width.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="immature stages">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Immature stages.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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This species is named in honor of late Mr. Rainer Schimmel, a specialist in
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<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
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, who kindly provided valuable comments at the beginning of this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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All specimens of the new species were collected during the late May to June (i.e., the middle of the rainy season) from the mountain area in vicinity of Longchuan County or Yingjiang County, western Yunnan in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests by searching for flashes or by light trapping during night. The adults of both sexes emitted a continuous yellowish green light from the abdominal luminous organs while in flight, or during a short time when preparing for flight or afterwards. During this process the luminous organ is exposed ventrally by raising and extending the abdomen from the metaventrite (Supplementary material S2, file 2). The reaction of the adults when disturbed during a flight is to retract their abdomen, hide their luminous organ, and show a death-feigning behavior (thanatosis). Thanatoid adults remained inactive for a long time, which was obviously different from the observation in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="tribe" tribe="Pyrophorini">Pyrophorini</taxonomicName>
|
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because the latter begin to emit light and are very active after being disturbed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa, C" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" pagination="49 - 190" title="Systematics and evolution of the tribes Pyrophorini and Heligmini with description of Campyloxeninae, new subfamily (Coleoptera, Elateridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v26i2p49-190" volume="26" year="1975">Costa 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At least three lampyrid species (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luciola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Luciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Diaphanes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaphanes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Diaphanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pyrocoelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrocoelia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Pyrocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) occurred sympatrically with the new elaterid species and can be found simultaneously during night but can be easily distinguished by different flash patterns. Although some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schimmeli" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="schimmeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">S. schimmeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were previously collected using light traps in 2016, this species was found to be luminescent only in 2017 when its bioluminescent
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="88" start="start">behavior</pageBreakToken>
|
||
was observed in the field. This was caused by the abdominal luminescent organ being hidden when the beetle is not active.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="He, JW" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" pagination="565 - 567" title="The mitochondrial genome of the first luminous click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) recorded in Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1555019" volume="4" year="2019">He et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the mitochondrial genome of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schimmeli" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="schimmeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">S. schimmeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. and used the genus and species name of the here described taxon in their study. The paper of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="He, JW" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" pagination="565 - 567" title="The mitochondrial genome of the first luminous click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) recorded in Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1555019" volume="4" year="2019">He et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was intended to be published after the formal description of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schimmeli" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="schimmeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">S. schimmeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bi & Li, gen. et sp. nov. but unfortunately, it was published earlier, causing nomenclatural problems by reporting the genus and species names without available descriptions and thus unavailable according to the Code (ICZN 1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |