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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6202b897-11c1-4686-99d8-94b8174ac809" ID-PMC="PMC3088314" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-55-1" ID-PubMed="21594167" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-55-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 55" ModsDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" checkinTime="1451251020634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gary A. P., Gibson" docDate="2010" docId="E2DD5EFBD06B712AEC293A333D944E04" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 55: 1-75" docOrigin="ZooKeys 55" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" docTitle="Calosota vernalis Curtis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF9456530D10AC187F08FFB0FC42FFD0" masterDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668162435130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gary A. P., Gibson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>55</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>75</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-55-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2DD5EFBD06B712AEC293A333D944E04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2DD5EFBD06B712AEC293A333D944E04" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName authority="Curtis" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis Curtis</taxonomicName>
Figs 327325469, 73
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Curtis, J" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" title="British Entomology; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the genera of Insects Gound in Great Britain and Ireland." year="1836">Curtis 1836</bibRefCitation>
: folio 596. Type data: England: Southgate. Lectotype ♀ (MVMA; not examined), designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 90</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosoter" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosoter aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosoter aestivalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Magazine, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="349 - 364" title="Monographia Chalciditum." volume="4" year="1837">Walker 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 359-360. Type data: England: near London. Syntypes, ♀ and ♂ (BMNH, type no. 5.1620; not examined). Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 90</bibRefCitation>
. Homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Curtis, J" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" title="British Entomology; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the genera of Insects Gound in Great Britain and Ireland." year="1836">Curtis (1836)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
FEMALE (Fig. 32) and MALE. Head (Figs 3, 69) with frontovertex finely, meshlike coriaceous or at most only very shallowly reticulate in small part, but scrobal depression quite distinctly reticulate to transversely reticulate-alutaceous excluding smooth and shiny scrobes; ocelli in acute triangle with POL subequal to or only slightly greater than OOL; mesonotum (Figs 27, 73) meshlike reticulate and uniformly dark to bluish-green or depressed medial part of mesoscutum and scutellum dark or sometimes with slight coppery luster under some angles of light; axilla elongate-slender, sculptured surface usually mostly obliquely angled rather than a flat dorsal surface and separated by at least about 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
own width (Figs 27, 73); fore wing hyaline, without linea calva or speculum; acropleuron finely, obliquely coriaceous-alutaceous anteriorly
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
longitudinally coriaceous-alutaceous to very finely alutaceous-aciculate posteriorly (Fig. 54); lower mesepimeron reduced (Fig. 54).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Male with at least fl2−fl6 longer than wide and quite densely setose with short, only slightly curved setae projecting at about a 45° or lesser angle relative to the flagellomere.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
A gregarious ectoparasitoid of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Trichodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichodes</taxonomicName>
Herbst (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Cleridae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
) in
<taxonomicName family="Megachilidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Sphecidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Sphecidae</taxonomicName>
nests (
<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, WR" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="191 - 332" title="A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 2. Host parasite catalogue, Part 3. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Calliceratid to Evaniid)." volumeTitle="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control" year="1955">Thompson 1955</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The host species in
<taxonomicName family="Buprestidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
, and possibly
<taxonomicName family="Scolytidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Scolytidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
), listed by
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
almost certainly refer to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
. All the original publications cited by
<bibRefCitation author="Herting, B" journalOrPublisher="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Institute of Biological Control" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 185" title="Coleoptera to Strepsiptera. A catalogue of parasites and predators of terrestrial arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey / Enemy." volume="3" year="1973">Herting (1973)</bibRefCitation>
for the various host species were published prior to
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, who corrected the previously reversed concepts of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, even the more recent publications listing
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Blastophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blastophagus minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Blastophagus minor</taxonomicName>
(Hartig) (
<taxonomicName family="Scolytidae" lsidName="" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="family">Scolytidae</taxonomicName>
) as a host cited
<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Studia Forestalia Suecica" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 176" title="Die Feinde der Borkenkaefer in Schweden. I. Erzwespen (Chalcidoidea)." volume="11" year="1963">Hedqvist (1963)</bibRefCitation>
, who interpreted
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
in the sense of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
. However, a single male from France (BMNH) is labeled &quot;ex
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
with scolytids&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="regional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Regional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">None, but one female (CNC Photo 2009-43, CNC SEM 2009-47) and male labeled: Canada: BC [British Columbia], Surrey, Westcoast Granite, CFS [Canadian Forest Service] 1988-0035-07, quarantine interception, ex log bolt #24 from Norway, em. 20.VII.1988.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
from several countries in the Palaearctic region; I saw specimens from England (BMNH), France (BMNH), Italy (CNC, CNC SEM 2009-46), Spain (CNC, MNCN), Sweden (CNC), and Yugoslavia (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Additional features than those used in the key to differentiate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
relative to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
are provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, including comparatively narrower axillae and the acropleuron anteriorly being obliquely coriaceous-alutaceous (Fig. 54) rather than at least shallowly meshlike reticulate (Fig. 55). If eventually collected in North America, individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
are most likely to be misidentified as one of the four regional species having a conspicuously sculptured scrobal depression, but unlike any of these species lack an exposed lower mesepimeron (Fig. 54). It also uniquely has an unusual sculpture combination of a finely meshlike coriaceous frontovertex and more coarsely reticulate or at least transversely sculptured scrobal depression (Figs 3, 69). This not only helps differentiate it from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
, which has both the frontovertex and scrobal depression reticulate (Fig. 2), but also from the nominal European species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota agrili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrili">Calosota agrili</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nikol’skaya">Nikol'skaya</normalizedToken>
(1952) (paratype examined, BMNH),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
Askew (2006) (holotype examined, MNCN) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Calosota nitens</taxonomicName>
Askew (2006) (holotype and paratype examined, MNCN), which have the frontovertex coriaceous and the scrobal depression mostly smooth and shiny similar to the New World albipalpus species-group (cf. Figs 9, 10, 66).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the unknown male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Calosota nitens</taxonomicName>
may have the antennal features that they used to differentiate males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
. The male
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Calosota nitens</taxonomicName>
is undescribed and I have not seen any males resembling females of the species. However, based on the two examined type females from Spain and one additional female from Sardinia (BMNH), in addition to having the outer surface of the metacoxa entirely setose, females of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Calosota nitens</taxonomicName>
uniquelyhave the propodeal callus setose along the propodeal foramen. Other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calosota</taxonomicName>
typically have the callus setose lateral to the spiracle and sometimes there are 1 or 2 setae behind the spiracle but never along the propodeal foramen. The male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Calosota nitens</taxonomicName>
may also have the propodeum at least sparsely setose along the foramen and if so should be recognized easily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Although the male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
is also undescribed, I saw 19 males and 3 females from Spain (CNC, MNCN), 13 males and 3 females from Cyprus (CNC), and 1 male from Corsica (ZSMC) that I identify as this species. The combination of head sculpture (upper part of scrobal depression at most finely coriaceous rather than obviously reticulate) and exposed, lunate lower mesepimeron differentiate the males from those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
, respectively. Flagellar structure of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
males is somewhat similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
, but the funiculars are typically shorter and the setae are conspicuously longer and more distinctly curved, the setae projecting at an obtuse angle and curved so as to be subparallel with the funicular distally. Using
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, the putative males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
key to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota obscura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Calosota obscura</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
, but the flagellum is comparatively more gracile with abutting funiculars unlike that described for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota obscura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Calosota obscura</taxonomicName>
, and the acropleuron is finely coriaceous. Of the six females examined, one (El Ventorrillo, 14.VII.91, A. Garrido) was identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota dusmeti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">Calosota dusmeti</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. This apparent misidentification likely was in part because it has about the basal two-thirds of the scape yellowish-orange, unlike the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
which has an entirely dark scape, but similar to specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota dusmeti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">Calosota dusmeti</taxonomicName>
. However, scape color of other females from Spain and Cyprus, which vary in length from about 2.4−5 mm, varies from entirely or virtually entirely dark to variably extensively yellowish. These females are also very similar to the paratype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota agrili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrili">Calosota agrili</taxonomicName>
examined, which has about the basal half of the right scape yellowish and the left scape quite dark with only some indication of yellow in its basal half. Another female from Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia (CNC), identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota agrili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrili">Calosota agrili</taxonomicName>
by A. Sharkov has both scapes dark. All the females have the marginal vein about 2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the stigmal vein and the carina along the propodeal foramen not quite extending to the anterior margin of the propodeum so that there is a very short medial plical region similar to the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
. The holotype was described as having the medial length of the propodeum (including plical region and smooth and shiny lunate region posterior to carina extending anteriorly from along foramen) as long as the dorsellum, but this is partly an artifact because the mesonotum is arched and the anterior margin of the propodeum extends over the apex of the dorsellum to reduce its apparent length. Based on the above, I suspect that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bolivari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">Calosota bolivari</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota agrili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrili">Calosota agrili</taxonomicName>
, but hesitate to formalize the synonymy prior to a more comprehensive revision of Palaearctic
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calosota</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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