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<treatment id="F131B21068172C4FC287A51C0981355A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F131B21068172C4FC287A51C0981355A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F131B21068172C4FC287A51C0981355A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="4C2D06A6C7732F48299CDBD6DB561442" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="695EF0A5618BF7565A5E3B62C9079517" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<pageBreakToken id="8DCD77BE3DB1CCC5A0DF46B24B818AFE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
classification Animalia Araneae Nesticidae
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C0F3B1E10B7F142CE3DF6A5367066A26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D7E7B94610CBDCBD2C0759EE0367A86" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="0723FE303DA871C6C2139CADA5C85992" ID-CoL="63MR" ID-ENA="1112533" authority="Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo, 1980" authorityName="Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo, 1980</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4731CD5AB80A5589020E5F6BFFA6FBFF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="24B8AD6D43F4C242BC62B83ECBB6AD55" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="E88EF56DB1149EE91DC6F0E9708BF920" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo, 1980: 55;
<bibRefCitation id="4048AA3880E0EE1968C5BBE9F7A2DCE3" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Quelle &amp; Meyer, Wiesbaden" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" title="Spinnenfauna Gestern und Heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre Heute Lebenden Verwandten." year="1986">Wunderlich 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 93;
<bibRefCitation id="9ACBBD9BDD1D26EC56D1B5ECD4294E0E" author="Gray, MR" journalOrPublisher="Helictite" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="87 - 89" title="Cavernicolous spiders (Arancae) from Undara, Queensland and Cape Range, Western Australia." volume="27" year="1989">Gray 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 88;
<bibRefCitation id="A1AC23933B2FF7707791D9AD20B4C195" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="29 - 46" title="Spiders (Arachnia: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records." volume="12" year="2003">Marusik and Guseinov 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="955D94FE2CC0B6952006DFE879773406" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="type species">
<paragraph id="212FFC48789E1740E73493884EE95A00" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162EDE85814E10A69EC2D0176BADE87B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="DEBB8E6CBB95D9C6E6C6307714F6BEA6" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus nepalensis" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">Nesticus nepalensis</taxonomicName>
Hubert, 1973 from Nepal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34104CE621794061489ADE72BF564F57" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="859720F2F516BA8CC0A04870BD0E9D96" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5ED4DA0C9B7811E9BD823401EF20D609" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="7A9CB722638EEEC95F3F262FE1AD8283" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
belongs to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="54A7DE143C3D24AE848D9AA1DE9C2661" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Nesticellini">Nesticellini</taxonomicName>
sensu Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo (1980). The characters are rather variable within the different species-groups of
<taxonomicName id="AE3DD49ED3257ED710048C1B95B933AD" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
, however males can be recognized by the presence of a complex paracymbium usually lacking any dorsal apophysis (a few species with only one), with a simple or bifurcate distal process and one or two ventral processes. By contrast, males of the other small-sized nesticid genera distributed in the Old World (
<taxonomicName id="DC159BFCC48EE8A9BD69A9374A6412F6" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Hamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hamus" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hamus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3261472E04ECC1540954897104B13B19" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nescina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nescina" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nescina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B717FF4E2DCB8BC522BD22BFD18C2679" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Wraios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wraios" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wraios</taxonomicName>
) have a shorter and more compact paracymbium. The uncoiled embolus instead of a long and coiled embolus, easily separate
<taxonomicName id="C13A3CEC87B923A7698714295FE66D3D" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
from the small
<taxonomicName id="0527B6675130F758FA0645667ADE8485" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Pseudonesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudonesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudonesticus</taxonomicName>
species. Females of
<taxonomicName id="8DDC8348C27EC6E5C58A5B77E0EBA2A7" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
are recognized by the short, rectangular or lobed and often protruding scape and by the general shape of the copulatory ducts with thick, compact copulatory ducts lacking deep convolutions and located just below the coiled, thin fertilization ducts. The above-mentioned characters are not similar to any other genus of
<taxonomicName id="2346F49B4EB36804B7EC823DF8074868" family="Nesticidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D86A24CA1870F0F6A140B15DED8EF37" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E76EEAEDD44784F46BDEF9A0B3A6C7E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A53F2D7BDA479CFAE18760745AD85C67" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Total length: 1.60-2.94 (male), 2.00-3.36 (female). Carapace almost round in males, ovate in females, yellow or pale yellowish, only rarely dark. Cephalic area slightly elevated with sparse setae. Eight eyes in two rows with exceptions in cave-adapted species, ALE&gt;PLE=PME&gt;AME. AER slightly procurved, PER straight MOA trapezoidal, narrower in the front. In troglobitic species (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="C818FBFAFF5443E562CA3EE550E77450" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella caeca" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeca">Nesticella caeca</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName id="8EE2100EC91A47382DA1A09D0A8490FB" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella gazuida" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gazuida">Nesticella gazuida</taxonomicName>
sp. n.) eyes strongly reduced with AME sometimes absent. Cervical groove and fovea usually distinct, sometimes indistinct. Chelicera with three promarginal teeth and multiple retromarginal tiny denticles. Opisthosoma with long setae usually with a yellowish or greyish background and pairs of dark spots partially merged each other on the dorsal side, in some species uniformly black or greyish. Colors and marks can be more or less visible and sometimes reduced to being faint.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B29ED15D745E573E9B94D92CFA325C3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Male palp: tibia short and swollen, wider than long, with three retrodorsal trichobothria and sparse long setae. Cymbium with dense and thick long setae dorsal-distally. Paracymbium compact with a stocky, laminar or bifurcate distal process and a ventral apophysis with one or two processes of different length. Dorsal apophysis absent in some species. Terminal apophysis blunt, crest-like or elongate and pointed. Tegular apophysis usually well-developed, missing in
<taxonomicName id="CD47C216DED5B8C7E5F09FEAF8E2F413" lsidName="mogera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="mogera">mogera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="35AA8EED59D6594C298210D0A5DB28E2" lsidName="quelpartensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="quelpartensis">quelpartensis</taxonomicName>
-groups. Tegulum with a small additional tegular apophysis (Tg-II) in the species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="F00E5B4DDADCD401885CFB7117AC6854" lsidName="nepalensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="nepalensis">nepalensis</taxonomicName>
-group. Conductor long and curved, basally wide, gradually narrower near the tip, sometimes distally twisted and always with a sclerotized, short beak-shaped process. Embolus long and filamentous, starting from the retroventral margin of the tegulum and coiling with a half loop until reaching the apex of the conductor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24AEAEB41FD3ED7F375702B53447C949" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Epigyne: weakly sclerotized showing the internal structures. Scape lobed or squared, sometimes strongly reduced, sometimes well-developed. Copulatory openings at the
<pageBreakToken id="4AA01D154E5182125265ADE1BD1ABC32" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">lateral</pageBreakToken>
corners of the scape, under the scape in the
<taxonomicName id="229BA0A8C58E3ACAA83973680DC07C57" lsidName="phami" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="phami">phami</taxonomicName>
-group. Spermathecae ovoid or almost round, usually small. Fertilization ducts long and thin reaching the spermathecae with one to five coils. Copulatory ducts short and thick, ventrally oriented, sometimes bent in the middle and directed laterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74FC781227AD1C4D3E38B4D5157D6BFE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E5486BACAA3DCD3813F74F6CA0575383" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="655EFF957D87BDD50F8C0E642C5E81EA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Mostly Pantropical (Brazil; Central and East Africa; East, South and Southeast Asia; Indochina; Melanesia) with few species occurring in the Russian Far East.
<taxonomicName id="5C92075E84AAA4568CBA6E2DEF23B8D5" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">Nesticella mogera</taxonomicName>
is also found in Azerbaijan, Fiji, Hawaii and Europe, probably introduced by human activities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="070BC93884DC0BE1204B7C9FA46BE551" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="2633BF18C9B383ECF568D0BA63EBE32A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E00107449D74EAC8EF919049C3376EF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Although the morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="450AEF1AA27FB6F86D97978EC5883573" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
species may support the hypothesis of two possible distinct genera as claimed by
<bibRefCitation id="A3A523F1128016294A7B72024B14AFC2" author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="47 - 66" title="Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae." volume="17" year="1980">Lehtinen and Saaristo (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="017EAE885D18D62787723E16FA9050EC" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="29 - 46" title="Spiders (Arachnia: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records." volume="12" year="2003">Marusik and Guseinov (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, the variability within this group is wide, and a further analyses that incorporate molecular data are required to solve the question. Therefore, we prefer to follow the current classification as given in the
<bibRefCitation id="B99468023B4859E68A38499ED66ED8F4" author="Tso, IM" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum Bern" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog (2016)</bibRefCitation>
with all the species included in a single genus corresponding to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="C0DB775F4ADBF5C0C508F756C20DC677" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Nesticellini">Nesticellini</taxonomicName>
sensu Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo (1980). We propose five species-groups (
<taxonomicName id="1E570AD33E9C5E9198A3CFE887F3BF3D" lsidName="brevipes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipes">brevipes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C10C060DF659EE94FFDAB1A986DB3248" lsidName="mogera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="mogera">mogera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C10D21A4900AFEF421EC9FE535305D6" lsidName="nepalensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="nepalensis">nepalensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A2C38A49255C8AEDB44221680E084691" lsidName="phami" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="phami">phami</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1A16177F4DFC7CF609050820F2EC83C5" lsidName="quelpartensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="quelpartensis">quelpartensis</taxonomicName>
-groups) based on male palpal and epigynal morphology and preliminary results of our molecular analysis of the entire
<taxonomicName id="16D900985222D48CAE9ED7B1C566D0A0" family="Nesticidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Nesticidae</taxonomicName>
. Two species-groups already established by
<bibRefCitation id="99006FBB43A5F245B9478993997AEA69" author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="47 - 66" title="Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae." volume="17" year="1980">Lehtinen and Saaristo (1980)</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="954F3D7AFEAB365D0C8D9DBF81B40AE1" lsidName="brevipes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipes">brevipes</taxonomicName>
-group and
<taxonomicName id="0014F1756593D3BAC896A1C6BCB5A426" lsidName="mogera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="mogera">mogera</taxonomicName>
-group) are followed while the
<taxonomicName id="230CFE2F089623C66376554310D335F2" lsidName="nepalensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="nepalensis">nepalensis</taxonomicName>
-group coincides with the genus
<taxonomicName id="9AC92FB48AEC053948167594320D431E" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
sensu Lehtinen &amp; Saaristo (1980). Two more new groups (
<taxonomicName id="CEB245536FE1A3221FAFD997D51C5680" lsidName="phami" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="phami">phami</taxonomicName>
-groups and
<taxonomicName id="43C9CA779043C163F3CFCBC9A81DA4A6" lsidName="quelpartensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="quelpartensis">quelpartensis</taxonomicName>
-group) are here established.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1C7A64828CCBCE281D6A7958E8391292" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="incertae sedis">
<paragraph id="CC60E2044A4B418811A8C864F97B3582" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Incertae sedis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="455E15A7BD84386480DDF64414512171" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Two recently-described species from Laos and Myanmar,
<taxonomicName id="F77BD97C9907D8597AF9B2C87C0DCF49" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella foelixi" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foelixi">Nesticella foelixi</taxonomicName>
Grall &amp;
<normalizedToken id="7535361AB2850D6B87634C5E1606F5E1" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2016 and
<taxonomicName id="F4E9DA38B7E6CEC4C3195BD46F89FCF5" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella michaliki" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaliki">Nesticella michaliki</taxonomicName>
Grall &amp;
<normalizedToken id="DA10F40014FFE7FF38ACD7573D6B7793" originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
, 2016, show peculiar palpal and epigynal characters which
<normalizedToken id="B03EF0BDBE7D16B7FDEF2E71C64C81F3" originalValue="don’t">don't</normalizedToken>
allow their clear placement into any
<taxonomicName id="C64216B78A85FC91D54C153C94FE3F94" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticella</taxonomicName>
species-group in this paper. Some characters, such as shape of the scape, the wide spermathecae and the flat distal process of the paracymbium, are shared with
<taxonomicName id="A1E9B1BA87F8C90630DC1C20A00C9F48" lsidName="phami" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="phami">phami</taxonomicName>
-group species; however the thick embolus, the general shape of the process of the conductor, the terminal apophysis and the paracymbium are not shared with this species group. It is possible that these new species represent separate monospecific species-groups. Nevertheless, in absence of further data, these species are temporarily considered as incertae sedis until further analyses have been conducted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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