258 lines
22 KiB
XML
258 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-95-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="10CDA7606B7E5AE8A45BA60666C8C81E" ModsDocID="1314-4049-95-83" checkinTime="1675973700285" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kukwa, Martin, Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela, Aptroot, Andre & Flakus, Adam" docDate="2023" docId="AD26A0AB7FDF52859171C39024CE4226" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 95: 83-100" docOrigin="MycoKeys 95" docPubDate="2023-02-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986" docTitle="Astrothelium isidiatum Kukwa, Flakus & Rodr. Flakus 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="10CDA7606B7E5AE8A45BA60666C8C81E" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="10CDA7606B7E5AE8A45BA60666C8C81E" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1675973700285" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kukwa, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-909X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, PL- 80 - 308 Gdansk, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8300-5613</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL- 31 - 512 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.rodriguez@botany.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aptroot, Andre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-2594</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Botanica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s / n, Bairro Universitario, CEP 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Flakus, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-0529</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL- 31 - 512 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>83</mods:start>
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<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-95-83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">10CDA7606B7E5AE8A45BA60666C8C81E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="multiple">
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD26A0AB7FDF52859171C39024CE4226" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD26A0AB7FDF52859171C39024CE4226" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AD26A0AB-7FDF-5285-9171-C39024CE4226" authority="Kukwa, Flakus & Rodr. Flakus" authorityName="Kukwa, Flakus & Rodr. Flakus" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" genus="Astrothelium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Astrothelium isidiatum" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidiatum" status="sp. nov.">Astrothelium isidiatum Kukwa, Flakus & Rodr. Flakus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="83">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astrothelium isidiatum (type collection) A-D thallus morphology A, B isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles C isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles D isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus E, F a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (E) (in LPCB) G, H vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000 μm (A, B); 500 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">The new species differs from all known species of the genus by developing groups of isidia on the surface of areoles, which break off to reveal a medulla that resembles soralia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-23" collectorName="de Apa Apa, Yungas, A. Flakus, P. Rodriguez-Flakus" country="Bolivia" county="Reserva Ecolo" elevation="2423" latitude="-16.344362" location="Chulumani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-67.49842" municipality="Sanani" specimenCount="73245" stateProvince="La Paz" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. Dept.
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<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="La Paz">La Paz</collectingRegion>
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; Prov. Sud Yungas, near
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<collectingCounty>Reserva Ecolo</collectingCounty>
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́gica
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<collectorName>de Apa Apa</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Sanani</collectingMunicipality>
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near
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD26A0AB7FDF52859171C39024CE4226:66E42AC4FC1AF6D50924BA72C165CCD6" country="Bolivia" county="Reserva Ecolo" latitude="-16.344362" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-67.49842" municipality="Sanani" name="Chulumani" stateProvince="La Paz">Chulumani</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.70" value="-16.344362">16°20'39.70"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.32" value="-67.49842">67°29'54.32"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.423" unit="m" value="2423.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.423" unit="m" value="2423.0">2423 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectorName>Yungas</collectorName>
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montane forest, corticolous,
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<collectingDate value="2020-01-23">23 Jan 2020</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>A. Flakus</collectorName>
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30000 &
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<collectorName>P. Rodriguez-Flakus</collectorName>
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(KRAM-L
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<specimenCount type="generic">
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73245
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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</specimenCount>
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; LPB, UGDA isotypes)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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Thallus endosubstratal to episubstratal and then grey-green, shiny, folded in non-areolate parts, with areoles, isidiate. Areoles tuberculate, sometimes with cylindrical outgrowth developing at the lateral parts of areoles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astrothelium isidiatum (type collection) A-D thallus morphology A, B isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles C isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles D isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus E, F a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (E) (in LPCB) G, H vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000 μm (A, B); 500 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">3C</figureCitation>
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), constricted at the base (especially when young) or not, rounded to elongate and up to 1.2 mm wide. Isidia mostly cylindrical, globose when young, simple, rarely branched, constricted at the base or not, developing on areoles, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.2 mm wide, often shed from areoles and then exposing the yellow medulla of areoles, which then resemble soralia; sometimes elongated isidia-like outgrowth developing directly from the endosubstratal thallus present (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astrothelium isidiatum (type collection) A-D thallus morphology A, B isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles C isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles D isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus E, F a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (E) (in LPCB) G, H vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000 μm (A, B); 500 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">3D</figureCitation>
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). Cortex up to 30-50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in width, of two layers, lower part prosoplectenchymatous and visible mostly in young areoles and upper part gelatinous. Photobiont layer up to 35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Medulla whitish (only in young areoles) to yellow, densely filled with rhomboid or irregular crystals (crystals not dissolving in K), crystals 4-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. The upper layer of areoles with shed isidia pseudoparenchymatous. Ascomata and pycnidia unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kukwa, Flakus & Rodr. Flakus" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" genus="Astrothelium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Astrothelium isidiatum" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidiatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Astrothelium isidiatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type collection)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A-D</emphasis>
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thallus morphology
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A, B</emphasis>
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isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
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isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">D</emphasis>
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isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E, F</emphasis>
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a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E</emphasis>
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) (in LPCB)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">G, H</emphasis>
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vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A, B</emphasis>
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); 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">C, D</emphasis>
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); 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E, F</emphasis>
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); 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">G, H</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="chemistry">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Chemistry.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Thallus surface UV-, K-, C-, KC-; medulla with yellow pigment, K+ yellow going into solution, C+ yellow-orange; upper parts of areoles with shed isidia with patches of orange pigment reacting K+ purple. Unidentified substances (probably some of them are anthraquinones) in trace to minor amounts detected by thin layer chromatography.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">The name refers to the production of isidia, which are unique in the genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">So far, the species is known only from the type locality in the Yungas forest in Bolivia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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This is a very characteristic species with areoles filled with crystals, cylindrical isidia developing on the areoles and usually yellow thallus medulla. The ascomata were not found in the studied material. It differs from all species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" genus="Astrothelium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Astrothelium" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Astrothelium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Trypetheliaceae</taxonomicName>
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in the presence of isidia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
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Some species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Trypetheliaceae</taxonomicName>
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, for example,
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" genus="Architrypethelium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Architrypethelium lauropaluanum" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lauropaluanum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Architrypethelium lauropaluanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lücking">Luecking</normalizedToken>
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, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli,
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" genus="Astrothelium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Astrothelium komposchii" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="komposchii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Astrothelium komposchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Aptroot or
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<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="A. puiggarii" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="puiggarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A. puiggarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
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. Arg.) Aptroot &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lücking">Luecking</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487" author="Aptroot, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="763 - 982" refId="B4" refString="Aptroot, A, Luecking, R, 2016. A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48 (6): 763 - 982, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487" title="A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487" volume="48" year="2016">
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Aptroot and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lücking">Luecking</normalizedToken>
|
||
2016
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291600013X" author="Aptroot, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="609 - 638" refId="B9" refString="Aptroot, A, Ertz, D, Etayo Salazar, J, Gueidan, C, Mercado Diaz, J, Schumm, F, Weerakoon, G, 2016c. Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics. Lichenologist 48 (6): 609 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291600013X" title="Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291600013X" volume="48" year="2016 c">Aptroot et al. 2016c</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000475" author="Luecking, R" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="639 - 660" refId="B30" refString="Luecking, R, Nelsen, MP, Aptroot, A, Benatti, MN, Binh, NQ, Gueidan, C, Gutierrez, MC, Jungbluth, P, Lumbsch, HT, Marcelli, MP, Moncada, B, Naksuwankul, K, Orozco, T, Salazar-Allen, N, Upreti, DK, 2016b. A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies. Lichenologist 48 (6): 639 - 660, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000475" title="A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000475" volume="48" year="2016 b">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lücking">Luecking</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), develop thalli with areoles resembling isidia which somehow are similar to these of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="A. isidiatum" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidiatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A. isidiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astrothelium isidiatum (type collection) A-D thallus morphology A, B isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles C isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles D isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus E, F a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (E) (in LPCB) G, H vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000 μm (A, B); 500 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Trypetheliaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="A. isidiatum" order="Trypetheliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidiatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A. isidiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by developing cylindrical and often constricted at the base isidia which are covering the entire areoles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astrothelium isidiatum (type collection) A-D thallus morphology A, B isidia developing in groups on areoles which are partly shed exposing the medulla of the areoles C isidia-like outgrows developing on lateral parts of areoles D isidia-like outgrowths developing directly from the endosubstratal parts of the thallus E, F a vertical cross-section through thallus with crystals present in the medulla (E) (in LPCB) G, H vertical cross-section through cortical layer (in LPCB). Scale bars: 1000 μm (A, B); 500 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/807286" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The isidia are easily broken and shed from areoles revealing the medulla of areoles that then resemble soralia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">We are not aware of any other similar species in other groups, which remind us of the unique taxon described here.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |